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Data Structures Using C++ 1
Chapter 4
Standard Template Library (STL)
Data Structures Using C++ 2
Chapter Objectives
• Learn about the Standard Template Library (STL)
• Become familiar with the three basic components of the STL: containers, iterators, and algorithms
• Explore how vector and deque containers are used to manipulate data in a program
• Discover the use of iterators
Data Structures Using C++ 3
Components of the STL
• Containers
• Iterators
• Algorithms
Data Structures Using C++ 4
Container Types
• Sequence containers (sequential containers)
• Associative containers
• Container adapters
Data Structures Using C++ 5
Sequence Containers
• Vector
• Deque
• list
Data Structures Using C++ 6
Ways to Declare and Initialize a Vector Container
Data Structures Using C++ 7
Operations to Access the Elements of a Vector Container
Data Structures Using C++ 8
Operations on a Vector Container
Data Structures Using C++ 9
Functions to Determine the Size of a Vector Container
Data Structures Using C++ 10
Member Functions Common to All Containers
Data Structures Using C++ 11
Member Functions Common to All Containers
Data Structures Using C++ 12
Member Functions Common to All Sequence Containers
Data Structures Using C++ 13
Prototype of function template copy
template<class inputIterator, class outputIterator>
outputItr copy(inputIterator first1, inputIterator last,
outputIterator first2);
Data Structures Using C++ 14
Sequence Container: deque
• Deque: double-ended queue
• Implemented as dynamic arrays– Elements can be inserted at both ends
• To use deque container in a program include statement:
#include <deque>
Data Structures Using C++ 15
Ways to Declare a deq Object
Data Structures Using C++ 16
Operations that Can Be Performed on a deq Object
Data Structures Using C++ 17
Types of Iteration
• Input Iterators
• Output Iterators
• Forward Iterators
• Bidirectional Iterators
• Random Access Iterators
Data Structures Using C++ 18
Operations on an Input Iterator
Data Structures Using C++ 19
Operations on an Output Iterator
Data Structures Using C++ 20
Operations on a Forward Iterator
Data Structures Using C++ 21
Operations on a Bidirectional Iterator
Data Structures Using C++ 22
Operations on a Random Access Iterator
Data Structures Using C++ 23
Iterator Hierarchy
Data Structures Using C++ 24
typedefs Common to All Containers
Data Structures Using C++ 25
istream_iterator
• Used to input data into a program from an input stream
• General syntax:istream_iterator<Type> isIdentifier(istream&);
Data Structures Using C++ 26
ostream_iterator
• Contains the definition of an output stream iterator
• General syntax:
ostream_iterator<Type> osIdentifier(ostream&);
or
ostream_iterator<Type> osIdentifier(ostream&, char* deLimit);
Data Structures Using C++ 27
Programming Example: Grade Report (Input)
A sample input file follows:
345Lisa Miller 890238 Y 4 Mathematics MTH345 4 APhysics PHY357 3 BComputerSci CSC478 3 BHistory HIS356 3 A...
Input A file containing the data in the form shown previously. Assume the name of the input file is ch4_GradeData.txt and is on floppy disk A.
Data Structures Using C++ 28
Programming Example: Grade Report (Output)
The desired output for each student is of the following form:
Student Name: Lisa MillerStudent ID: 890238Number of courses enrolled: 4
Course No Course Name Credits Grade CSC478 ComputerSci 3 BHIS356 History 3 AMTH345 Mathematics 4 APHY357 Physics 3 B
Data Structures Using C++ 29
Programming Example: Grade Report
• Course Component– Set the course information– Print the course information– Show the credit hours– Show the course number– Show the grade
Data Structures Using C++ 30
UML Diagram of the class courseType
Data Structures Using C++ 31
Programming Example: Grade Report
• Student Component– Set the student information
– Print the student information
– Calculate the number of credit hours taken
– Calculate the GPA
– Calculate the billing amount
– Because the grade report will print the courses in ascending order, sort the courses according to the course number
Data Structures Using C++ 32
UML Diagram of the class studentType and the Inheritance
Hierarchy
Data Structures Using C++ 33
Programming Example: Grade Report (Main Algorithm)
• Declare the variables• Open the input file• If the input file does not exist, exit the program• Open the output file• Get the tuition rate• Load the students’ data• Print the grade reports
Data Structures Using C++ 34
Chapter Summary
• Components of the STL
• Types of Containers
• Operations on Containers
• Sequence Containers– Deque– Vector
Data Structures Using C++ 35
Chapter Summary
• Iterators
• Types of iteration
• Operations on iterators
• Programming example