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A DataRecoveryGlossary
ABIOS
Abbreviation
used
for
Advanced
Basic
Input/Output
System.
Initially
installedinIBMPS/2microcomputersrunningtheOS/2OperatingSystem,ABIOS
controlsthemotherboardindetermininghowitrunsotherhardwareofthesystem.
Itprovidessupporttostorememorytoacertainpartofthecomputersothatother
programsdonotinterruptitssmoothrunningandexecution.
AccessTheprocessthroughwhichinformationistransferredinandoutofa
storagelocation.ExampleRAM.
AccessTimeThetimerequiredinwhichaspecificamountofdataandinformation
originatesfromitssourceandreachesitsdestinationcompletingitsreadandwrite
functions.
ActivePartitionsAlsocalledthebootpartitionwhereoperatingsystemsbootfiles
arestoredandinstalled.UsuallyinWindows,activepartitionisconsideredasDiskC
whereasinLinux,itdependsontheoperatingsystemsspecificsystem.
ActiveTerminationAprocessthroughwhichelectricalinterferencesorvoltage
producedinaseriesofperipheraldeviceswhichareattachedtoacomputersystem
is
reduced
or
ended.
ActuatorAmechanicaldevicewhichisresponsibleforthestartingandstoppingof
differentactivities.Itisusedtospottheread/writetopoverthespecifiedpath.
ActuatorArmTheportionofthedevicewhichtackstheread/writeheadofthe
definedpath.
AdapterAconnectingappliancewhichlinksthesystemunitandthedevicewhich
isattachedtoit.
AdaptiveCachingAcacheengineonharddiskwhichhasadaptivelifetimepower.
Ithasthecapacitytoenhanceperformancebyadaptingtotheapplicationor
programwhichisbeingrun.
AddressItspecifiestoasystemthroughwhichapieceofdataandinformationis
storedcanbeidentified.
AFRAbbreviationforAnnualizedFailureRate.Itistheprocesswhichmeasuresthe
probabilitythatamachineoranycomponentofthatmachineordevicewillfail
duringthe
first
year
of
its
usage.
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AllocatorTheprocessDiskOperatingSystemusestoassignspecificregionor
portionoftheharddriveinacomputerdevice.
AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)AprivateNonprofitorganization
thatmanagessupervisesandadministersthealreadydeterminedstandardsof
products,services,processes,methods,systemsandinmanycasestheperformance
ofpersonnelfromdifferentfields.Theoverseerofcomputerindustryand
informationtechnologyalsofallsunderthisorganization.ItisthesubsidiaryofISO
(InternationalStandardsOrganization)
ApplicationAtechnicalwordusedforaprogramincomputerterminology.
ArbitratedLoopAlsoknownasFCAL,isahighspeedFiberChanneltopologyin
whichdifferentdevicesareconnectedinaloopfashionortopology.Itisjustlike
tokenring
network
where
data
is
saved
from
smashing
into
each
other
when
two
signalsaresentoutatthesametime.
ArbitrationThesetofrulesandprinciplesinanoperatingsystemsuchas
Windows,Linuxetcwhichassignsresourcestothedevice.
ArealDensityAlsoknownastheareadensityorsurfacedensity,itisthemeasure
ofnumberofbitsthatcanbeaccumulatedinacertainareaofthediskordrive.The
areaismeasuredinpersquaremeter.
ASP
Average
Selling
Price
AsynchronousTransmissionDatatransfermethodinwhichsignalsaresentoutin
theformofspraysindifferenttimeintervals.Thetimeintervalbetweeneach
transmissionisnotequallydivided.
ATAAbbreviationforATAttachment.DifferentlevelsofATAare:
16bitIDE, ATA2(EnhancedIDE) UltraATA.
ATAPIAbbreviationforATAPacketInterface.Itisasetofrulesthataresupported
bytheATA2interface.
ATBusAttachment(ATA4)TheinterfacedefinedbyIBMfortheoriginalATdisk
controller.
AutoParkTheprocesswhichcausesthedrivetomoveitsread/writeheadstoa
safenondataareawhenthedriveisnotinuse.
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AverageAccessTimeTheaveragetimeittakesforthedatatobetransferredto
andfromCPUtothememory.ComputerswithfastRAMchipshaveaverageaccess
timeof70nanosecondsandinmanycasesevenless.Itisalsodefinedasthetime
betweenoriginationofrequestandobtainingofinformation.
AverageSeekTimeTheaverageamountoftimeonaharddiskrequiredfor
read/writeheadstomovebetweenpathsoverthedisksarea.Seektimeismeasured
inmilliseconds.
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