Data Page 2 Science 10

NON-METALSMETALS

Ion charge(s)

47.9

Titanium

3+Ti4+22

Atomic MassNameSymbolAtomic Number

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

AlkalineEarthMetals

AlkaliMetals

NobleGases

Halogens

Based on mass of C-12 at 12.00.

Any value in parenthesesis the mass of the moststable or best known isotope forelements which do not occur naturally. (262)

Lawrencium

Lr3+103

(259)

Nobelium

3+No2+102

(258)

Mendelevium

3+Md2+101

(257)

Fermium

Fm3+100

(252)

Einsteinium

Es3+99

(251)

Californium

Cf3+98

(247)

Berkelium

4+Bk3+97

(247)

Curium

Cm3+96

(243)

Americium

Am95

6+5+4+3+

5+3+6+4+

(244)

Plutonium

Pu94

6+4+3+5+

(237)

Neptunium

Np93

5+4+6+

238.0

Uranium

U92

231.0

Protactinium

4+Pa5+91

232.0

Thorium

Th4+90

175.0

Lutetium

Lu3+71

173.0

Ytterbium

2+Yb3+70

168.9

Thulium

2+Tm3+69

167.3

Erbium

Er3+68

164.9

Holmium

Ho3+67

162.5

Dysprosium

Dy3+66

158.9

erbiumT

4+Tb3+65

157.3

Gadolinium

Gd3+64

152.0

Europium

2+Eu3+63

150.4

Samarium

4+Sm3+62

(145)

Promethium

Pm3+61

144.2

Neodymium

Nd3+60

140.9

Praseodymium

4+Pr3+59

140.1

Cerium

4+Ce3+58

(266)

Meitnerium

Mt109

(265)

Hassium

Hs108

(262)

Bohrium

Bh107

(263)

SgSeaborgium

106

(262)

Dubnium

Db105

(261)

Rutherfordium

Rf104

(227)

Act in ium

Ac3+89

(226)

Radium

Ra2+88

(223)

Francium

Fr+87

(222)

Radon

Rn086

(210)

Astatine

At–85

(209)

Polonium

4+Po2+84

0209.

Bismuth

5+Bi3+83

207.2

Lead

4+Pb2+82

204.4

Thallium

3+Tl1+81

200.6

Mercury

1+Hg2+80

197.0

Gold

1+Au3+79

195.1

Platinum

2+Pt4+78

192.2

Iridium

4+Ir3+77

190.2

Osmium

4+Os3+76

186.2

Rhenium

7+Re4+75

183.8

ungstenT

W6+74

180.9

antalumT

Ta5+73

178.5

Hafnium

Hf4+72

138.9

Lanthanum

La3+57

137.3

Barium

Ba2+56

132.9

Cesium

Cs+55

131.3

Xenon

Xe054

126.9

Iodine

I–53

127.6

Tellurium

Te2–52

121.8

Antimony

5+Sb3+51

118.7

Tin

2+Sn4+50

114.8

Indium

In3+49

112.4

Cadmium

Cd2+48

107.9

Silver

Ag+47

106.4

Palladium

4+Pd2+46

102.9

Rhodium

4+Rh3+45

101.1

Ruthenium

4+Ru3+44

(98)

Technetium

Tc7+43

95.9

Molybdenum

3+Mo2+42

92.9

Niobium

5+Nb3+41

91.2

Zirconium

Zr4+40

88.9

Yttrium

Y3+39

87.6

Strontium

Sr2+38

85.5

Rubidium

Rb+37

83.8

Krypton

Kr036

79.9

Bromine

Br–35

79.0

Selenium

Se2–34

74.9

Arsenic

As3–33

72.6

Germanium

Ge4+32

69.7

Gallium

Ga3+31

65.4

Zinc

Zn2+30

63.5

Copper

1+Cu2+29

58.7

Nickel

3+Ni2+28

58.9

Cobalt

3+Co2+27

55.8

Iron

2+Fe3+26

54.9

Manganese

Mn25

4+3+2+

52.0

Chromium

2+Cr3+24

50.9

Vanadium

4+V5+23

47.9

Titanium

3+Ti4+22

45.0

Scandium

Sc3+21

40.1

Calcium

Ca2+20

39.1

Potassium

K+19

39.9

Argon

Ar018

35.5

Chlorine

Cl–17

32.1

Sulfur

S2–16

31.0

Phosphorus

P3–15

28.1

Silicon

Si14

27.0

Aluminium

Al3+13

24.3

Magnesium

Mg2+12

23.0

Sodium

Na+11

20.2

Neon

Ne010

19.0

Fluorine

F9 –

16.0

Oxygen

O–8 2

14.0

Nitrogen

N–7 3

12.0

Carbon

C6

10.8

Boron

B5

9.0

Beryllium

Be+4 2

6.9

Lithium

Li3 +

4.0

Helium

He2 0

1.0

Hydrogen

H1 –

1.0

Hydrogen

H1 +

(294)

Ununoctium

Uuo118

(?)

Ununseptium

Uus117

(292)

Ununhexium

Uuh116

(288)

UupUnunpentium

115

(289)

Ununquadium

Uuq114

(284)

Ununtrium

Uut113

(285)

Ununbium

Uub112

(272)

Roentgenium

Rg111

(281)

Darmstadtium

Ds110

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

NAMES, FORMULAE, AND CHARGES OF SOME COMMON IONS * Aqueous solutions are readily oxidized by air.** Not stable in aqueous solutions.

Negative Ions(Anions)

Positive Ions(Cations)

Aluminum

Ammonium

Barium

Calcium

Chromium(II), chromous

Chromium(III), chromic

Copper(I)*, cuprous

Copper(II), cupric

Hydrogen

Hydronium

Iron(II)*, ferrous

Iron(III), ferric

Lead(II), plumbous

Al3+

NH4+

Ba2+

Ca2+

Cr2+

Cr3+

Cu+

Cu2+

H+

H3O+

Fe2+

Fe3+

Pb2+

Lead(IV), plumbic

Lithium

Magnesium

Manganese(II), manganous

Manganese(IV)

Mercury(I)*, mercurous

Mercury(II), mercuric

Potassium

Silver

Sodium

Tin(II)*, stannous

Tin(IV), stannic

Zinc

Pb4+

Li+

Mg2+

Mn2+

Mn4+

Hg22+

Hg2+

K+

Ag+

Na+

Sn2+

Sn4+

Zn2+

Bromide

Carbonate

Chlorate

Chloride

Chlorite

Chromate

Cyanide

Dichromate

Dihydrogen phosphate

Ethanoate, acetate

Fluoride

Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate

Hydrogen oxalate, binoxalate

Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate

Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide

Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite

Br−

CO32−

ClO3−

Cl−

ClO2−

CrO42−

CN−

Cr2O72−

H2PO4−

CH3COO−

F−

HCO3−

HC2O4−

HSO4−

HS−

HSO3−

Hydroxide

Hypochlorite

Iodide

Monohydrogen phosphate

Nitrate

Nitrite

Oxalate

Oxide**

Perchlorate

Permanganate

Phosphate

Sulphate

Sulphide

Sulphite

Thiocyanate

OH−

ClO−

I−

HPO42−

NO3−

NO2−

C2O42−

O2−

ClO4−

MnO4−

PO43−

SO42−

S2−

SO32−

SCN−

– 3 –

Data Page 3 Science 10

14454424454430 1 2 3 4

Acidic BasicNeutral

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

stomach lemon grapes tomatoes bananas milk water eggsbaking soda soap ammonia

ovencleaner

[OH–]

bleach

Methyl Orange RED YELLOW

Methyl RedMethyl Red RED YELLOW

Bromthymol Blue YELLOW BLUE

Litmus RED BLUE

Phenolphthalein COLOURLESS PINK

Indigo Carmine YELLOWBLUE

[H+]

⎧ ⎨⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎧ ⎨⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪

pH SCALE

NH3

Data Page 8 Science 10

THE CARBON CYCLE

sea surface gas exchange

sun

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

DECOMPOSITION

change in land use(e.g. agriculture)

DIAGRAM NOT TO SCALE

CO2

atmosphericCO2

Different sources will provide varying information.

1.5 0.5

90 92

100 92

plant growth and decay

60 61

1600marine life

50 40

3

organic matterin soil

terrestrialvegetation

540 – 610

circulation of intermediate and deep water

38 000 – 40 000

dissolved organic carbon

700

fossil fuelcombustion

5.5

CO2 in atmosphere

750

marine sediments and sedimentary rock

68 000 000 – 100 000 000

coal

3000

oil and gas deposit

300CARBON CYCLE KEY

e.g. 100 92carbon exchangein gigatonnes per year

e.g. 38 000 – 40 000carbon stores in gigatonnes

Data Page 9 Science 10

DIAGRAM NOT TO SCALE

Different sources will provide varying information.

plant andanimal waste

runoff andleaching

decomposers

mining(phosphate fertilizers

and detergents)

phosphatein soil

phosphate rocks

weathering

geologic uplift

dissolved inwaterways

shallow oceansediments

plant and animal

waste

THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE KEY

numbers represent stored amounts in millions of metric tons (1012g)

4000

numbers represent flows in millions of metric tons (1012g) per year

200

fish harvest

10

100

50

1000

7

.01

2

20 000 000 000

4000

200

10 000 – 60 000

100 000 000

fertilizers

ocean

dissolving

ocean sediments

leaching into soil

soil

fresh water

terrestrialorganisms

mineablephosphate

Earth’s crust

200

uptake by terrestrial organisms

marinelife

guano birdislands

industrialwaste

weathering

Data Page 11 Science 10

DIAGRAM NOT TO SCALE

NITROGEN

FIXATION

CONVERSION

TO

GAS

SEDIMENTATION

UPTAKE

BY

PLANTS

DENITRIFICATION

NH4+

NH4+

NH3NO, NO2 NH3

Atmosphere: primarily N2 with traces of NH3, NO, NO2

nitrogen-fixingsoil bacteria

nitrifyingbacteria

ash

acid precipitationHNO3

decomposers(bacteria and fungi)

dissolved NH4+, NO3

–

NH4+, NO3

–

N2

N2 NO3–

N2, NH3, NO, NO2, NO3–

plants

sewage and fertilizers

nitrifyingbacteria

denitrifyingbacteria

nitrogen oxidesfrom transportation

and industry

decaying plantand animal waste

ATMOSPHERIC FIXATION (lightning)fertilizerapplication

nitrogen-fixingbacteria in root

nodules of legumes

NO2– NO3

–

NH4+, NO3

–

NH4+

NO3–

NITRIFICATION NITRIFICATION

UPTAKE BY PLANTS

NITROGEN FIXATION

LEACHING AND RUNOFF

THE NITROGEN CYCLE

 

 

AMINO ACID CHARTS 

 

 

 

 

 

 

KINEMATICS EQUATIONS 

 

  ∆  

∆∆

 ∆∆

 

 ENERGY EQUATIONS 

 12

  ∆  

  ∆  

   

 

 

 

ASTRONOMICAL CONVERSIONS 

 

speed of light = 3.0 x 108 m/s 

 

1 AU = 1.5 x 108 km 

 

1 parsec = 3.1 x 1013 km 

 

1 light‐year = 9.5 x 1012 km