Data is the Next Frontier, Analytics the New Tool: Five Trends in Big Data and Analytics, and Their Implications for Innovation and Organisations

7/30/2019 Data is the Next Frontier, Analytics the New Tool: Five Trends in Big Data and Analytics, and Their Implications for Innovation and Organisations

1/22

Ndvibeiu 53:5

Iwilyqhvi Euhifhnk

Ajqj h| qgi Niwq Fudnqhiu, Jnj`xqhl| qgi Ni{ Qdd`

Fhvi quina| hn ehk ajqj jna jnj`xqhl|, jna qgihu hbs`hljqhdn|

fdu hnndvjqhdn jna dukjnh|jqhdn|

Ajvha [dnk


2/22

5Ajqj h| qgi Niwq Fudnqhiu, Jnj`xqhl| qgi Ni{ Qdd`

Qgi Ehk Hnndvjqhdn Linqui h| jn hnhqhjqhvi df Qgi [duo Fdynajqhdn jna @jnlj|qiu Ynhviu|hqx.

@jynlgia hn \isqibeiu 53::, hq euhnk| qdkiqgiu j ujnki df ldbsjnhi|, quy|q|, ynhviu|hqhi|

jna sye`hl edahi| qd ui|ijulg jna sudsd|i sujlqhlj` uifdub| {hqg qgi jbehqhdn df bjohnk qgi

YO j k`dej` dsin hnndvjqhdn gye j| sjuq df qgi yukinq qj|o df uiej`jnlhnk jna kud{hnk qgi

YO ildndbx, jna {hqg qgi vh|hdn df eyhàhnk j {duà"l`j|| hnndvjqhdn jna hnvi|qbinq

ild|x|qib ex 5359. Fdu fyuqgiu aiqjh`|, sìj|i vh|hq {{{.ehkhnndvjqhdnlinqui.ldb.


3/22


4/22


Ajqj, ajqj jna bdui ajqj

Hq h| j ljshqj` bh|qjoi qd qgiduh|i eifdui dni gj| ajqj. Hn|in|he`x, dni eikhn| qd q{h|q

fjlq| qd |yhq qgiduhi|, hn|qija df qgiduhi| qd |yhq fjlq|.

" \hu Juqgyu Ldnjn Adx`i, Euhqh|g bx|qiux jyqgdu & sgx|hlhjn ':798:8


5/22


lj|i| jllyby`jqhdn, df ajqj h| j fjlq df hfi, fdu{jua"qghnohnk dukjnh|jqhdn| {h`` fhna {jx|

qd qyun qgh| 'j`bd|q( fuii sudsiuqx hnqd kdà. J`qgdykg qgi vd`ybi df ajqj luijqia {h``

sudeje`x hnluij|i jq ij|q fhvi"fdà dviu qgi niwq fhvi xiju|, suilhdy| hqqì df qgi

hnfdubjqhdn kiniujqia qdajx h| bijnhnkfy``x dukjnh|ia du |qujqikhlj``x ais`dxia fdu

dukjnh|jqhdnj` javjnqjki. Jedyq j zyjuqiu df iwilyqhvi| jabhq qgi eyò df qgihu

dukjnh|jqhdn| ajqj jui ynqjssia, {ghì |`hkgq`x bdui qgjn gj`f ldnfi|| qd y|hnk dn`x

jedyq gj`f df qgihu vj`yjeì ajqj.6

Fhkyui := K`dej` Hnqiuniq Sudqdld` qujffhl, ex |ikbinq jna qdqj`, 53::53:6

\dyuli= Lgjuq aivi`dsia fudb ajqj hn Lh|ld '53:5(, Lh|ld Vh|yj` Niq{duohnk Hnaiw= Fduilj|q jna

Biqgdad`dkx, 53::53:6, \jn Md|i, LJ= Lh|ld \x|qib|, Hnl.

Inqiu jnj`xqhl|

Ey|hni|| ijaiu|, gd{iviu, hnluij|hnk`x vhi{ ajqj j| jn hbsduqjnq auhviu df hnndvjqhdn

jna j |hknhfhljnq |dyuli df vj`yi luijqhdn jna ldbsiqhqhvi javjnqjki, hn|qija df biui`x

j| jn dukjnh|jqhdnj` uij`hqx qd ldsi {hqg. Qd kiq qgi bd|q dyq df jn dukjnh|jqhdn| ajqj

sjuqhly`ju`x hf qgh| hnvd`vi| ajqj|iq| df kjukjnqyjn |h}i| j bdui |dsgh|qhljqia {jx df

6

Ildndbh|q Hnqi``hkinli Ynhq '53::(, Ehk Ajqj= Gjuni||hnk j Kjbi"Lgjnkhnk J||iq, @dnadn= Ildndbh|qHnqi``hkinli Ynhq.


6/22


gjna`hnk, bjnjkhnk, jnj`x|hnk jna hnqiusuiqhnk ajqj h| nili||jux. Qgh| lj``| fdu qgi

sudjlqhvi jna luijqhvi y|i df jnj`xqhl| qd ljsqyui qgi sdqinqhj` df hnndvjqhdn jffduaia ex

ajqj jna qd kjhn ldbsiqhqhvi javjnqjki.

Jnj`xqhl| h| qgi sujlqhli df y|hnk ajqj qd kiniujqi y|ify` hn|hkgq| qgjq ljn gi`s

dukjnh|jqhdn| bjoi eiqqiu fjlq"ej|ia ailh|hdn| {hqg qgi y`qhbjqi jhb df auhvhnk |qujqikx

jna hbsudvhnk siufdubjnli. Hq hnqikujqi| ljsjeh`hqhi| hn ajqj bjnjkibinq, qilgnd`dkx,

|x|qib| jna jyqdbjqhdn, jss`hljqhdn| jna hn|qhqyqhdnj` |oh``| qd injeì dukjnh|jqhdn|

hainqhfx iwh|qhnk h||yi| jna suiahlq fyqyui quina|, dssduqynhqhi| jna qguijq|. Qdyqia ex

|dbi j| j njqyuj` ivd`yqhdn df ey|hni|| hnqi``hkinli 'EH(, {ghlg h| suiadbhnjnq`x

ldnliunia {hqg gh|qduhlj` jnj`x|h|, jnj`xqhl| kdi| fyuqgiu ex eyhàhnk dn EH| ghna|hkgq qd

aiuhvi hn|hkgq| qgjq ljn hnfdub lyuuinq jlqhdn jna kiniujqi fdui|hkgq| qd |gjsi qgi

fyqyui.

Qgi jss`hljqhdn df jnj`xqhl| h| {hai jna vjuhia, jna ljn ldviu sdqinqhj``x iviux j|silq df

jn dukjnh|jqhdn jna hq| ey|hni||. Fdu hn|qjnli, jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| j``d{ dukjnh|jqhdn|

qd eiqqiu jaa vj`yi qd sudaylq| jna |iuvhli| ex |ikbinqhnk jna qjukiqhnk ldn|ybiu|

bdui iffilqhvi`x 'ldn|ybiu jnj`xqhl|(, jamy|q suhli sdhnq| qd dsqhbj` ivi`| bdui zyhlo`x

hn ui|sdn|i qd lgjnki| hn qgi bjuoiq 'suhlhnk jnj`xqhl|(, hbsudvi siufdubjnli jna

lgjnki bjnjkibinq sudli||i| 'siufdubjnli$GU jnj`xqhl|(, jna ei bdui jkhì hn

j``dljqhnk jna uiais`dxhnk ui|dyuli| qd ljsqyui fhu|q"bdviu javjnqjki| hn |silhfhl

bjuoiq |ikbinq| 'fhnjnlhj`$ui|dyuli jnj`xqhl|(.

J`qgdykg bjnx dukjnh|jqhdn| jùijax gjvi |dbi fdub df EH ljsjeh`hqhi| ibeiaaia{hqghn qgd|i juij|, javjnlia jnj`xqhl| h| |dykgq jfqiu fdu hq| |siia, bdai``hnk

ljsjeh`hqhi| jna jnj`xqhlj` jna suiahlqhvi sd{iu shvdqj` h||yi| hn qgi iuj df ehk ajqj. J

{i``"ai|hknia jnj`xqhl| julghqilqyui gi`s| uiayli hnfdubjqhdn jqinlx, qgy| izyhsshnk

ìjaiu| {hqg qgi bd|q ldbsuigin|hvi hn|hkgq| aiuhvia fudb ys"qd"ajqi hnfdubjqhdn qd

bjoi ailh|hdn| dn ldbsìw uh|o |linjuhd|. Hq h| j`|d ljsjeì df jyqdbjqhnk d{"uh|o

jnj`xqhlj` jna ailh|hdn"bjohnk sudli||i|, ginli khvhnk ijaiu| bdui qhbi qd fdly| dn

ghkg"|qjoi| h||yi|.

[ghì qgiui bjx ei s`jy|heì jukybinq| fdu qgi vj`yi df jn iwsiuhinlia ijaiu|

hnqyhqhdn jna kyq"fii`hnk, ivhainli sdhnq| qd qgi kuijq`x ingjnlia dyqldbi| jnj`xqhl|

ljn dffiu. Bdui qgjn gj`f df dukjnh|jqhdn| qgjq y|i ajqj bd|q iffilqhvi`x dyqsiufdub qgihu

siiu| fhnjnlhj``x.; Dukjnh|jqhdn| qgjq gjvi jkkui||hvi`x ais`dxia jnj`xqhl| jui q{hli j|

kdda jq suiahlqhnk dyqldbi| jna qguii qhbi| j| kdda jq suiahlqhnk uh|o j| qgd|i qgjq

gjvinq.7 Ibshuhlj` |qyahi| |gd{ qgjq dukjnh|jqhdn| qgjq ibs`dx ajqj"ahuilqia ailh|hdn"

;

Heha.7 Eh||dn, S., \qisgin|dn, I. jna Vhkyiuhi, \.S. '53:3(, Qgi sudaylqhvhqx hbsiujqhvi, BlOhn|ix Zyjuqiu`x, Myni.


7/22

;Ajqj h| qgi Niwq Fudnqhiu, Jnj`xqhl| qgi Ni{ Qdd`

bjohnk |ii j 96) edd|q hn sudaylqhvhqx,8 {ghì qgd|i y|hnk ey|hni|| hnfdubjqhdn jna

jnj`xqhl| qd ahffiuinqhjqi qgib|i`vi| fudb ldbsiqhqdu| jui q{hli j| hoi`x qd ei qds

siufdubiu| j| d{iu siufdubiu|.:3 Dukjnh|jqhdn| hn j vjuhiqx df hnay|quhi|, hnl`yahnk {i``

ond{n Jbiuhljn eujna| S&K jna ML Sinnix, gjvi kjhnia ldbsiqhqhvi javjnqjki ex

y|hnk ajqj jnj`xqhl| fdu ailh|hdn"bjohnk.::

Dukjnh|jqhdn| hnluij|hnk`x uij`h|i qgjq qgi y|i| df jnj`xqhl| jui iwqin|hvi jna kud{hnk,

jedvi jna eixdna ahjknd|qhl jna suiahlqhvi syusd|i|. Hq j`|d injeì| dukjnh|jqhdn| qd

gjuni|| qgi sd{iu jna sdqinqhj` df ajqj qd |sj{n hnndvjqhvi sudaylq| jna |iuvhli|.

Ljshqj` Dni, j Fduqyni 933 fhnjnlhj` |iuvhli| hn|qhqyqhdn, fdu iwjbsì, y|i| jnj`xqhl| qd

ldnqhnydy|`x iwsiuhbinq {hqg hnndvjqhvi ldbehnjqhdn| df ly|qdbiu |ikbinq| jna ni{

sudaylq|. I"ey|hni|| syui s`jx| |ylg j| Kddkì, Jbj}dn jna iEjx gjvi dnk y|ia

hn|hkgq| kiniujqia fudb ajqj qd hnndvjqi qgihu |iuvhli| jna ldnfhkyui qgihu dffiuhnk| qd

jn hnahvhayj`| suifiuinli|.

Fyi`ìa ex javjnli| hn hnfdubjqhdn jna ldbbynhljqhdn qilgnd`dkhi| jna qgi ahkhqj`

uivd`yqhdn, qgiui jui edynaì|| ni{ dssduqynhqhi| qgjq ljn ei ljsqyuia ex jss`xhnk

hn|hkgq| kìjnia fudb ajqj. Qgi fd``d{hnk fhvi quina| |ykki|q {gjq jnj`xqhl| bhkgq gdà

fdu hnndvjqhdn jna ldbsiqhqhvi javjnqjki hn qgi niju fyqyui.

Quina := Jn jvj`jnlgi df jss`hljqhdn| jna |iuvhli| aiuhvia

fudb dsin ajqj

[hqg qgi Iyudsijn Ldbbh||hdn jynlghnk jn Dsin Ajqj \qujqikx fdu Iyudsi jna qgi

YO Kdviunbinq ldbbhqqhnk qd fyuqgiu dsinhnk ys j ujnki df sye`hl ajqj qd |qhby`jqi qgi

ildndbx,:5 j gd|q df ni{ ldn|ybiu bdehì jna {ie jss`hljqhdn| aivi`dsia ex y|hnk

ajqj suivhdy|`x già hn qgi sye`hl |ilqdu h| iwsilqia qd f`dda qgi bjuoiq.

Qgi|i Jlqhdnjeì Jnj`xqhlj` Jss`hljqhdn|, du J


8/22


9/22


gjvi eiin ldnlihvia {gin ajqj {iui sudsuhiqjux. Fdu hn|qjnli, {i ljn iwsilq qd |ii

jn hnluij|hnk nybeiu df qujffhl"ui`jqia jss| jhbia jq gi`shnk ldbbyqiu| dsqhbh|i

udyqhnk jna jamy|q qgihu qujvi` s`jn| hn qgi hkgq df jlqyj` du hbbhninq ldnki|qhdn. Qgi|i

ljn ei bj|gia ys ex ldbehnhnk uij`"qhbi qujffhl jna udja{duo| hnfdubjqhdn {hqg

hnqiujlqhvi bjs|. @dlj`h|ia uij`"qhbi {ijqgiu hnfdubjqhdn jna qgi jqi|q fduilj|q {hqg

kuijqiu jllyujlx ljn ei ldbehnia {hqg lduui|sdnahnk qilgnhlj` javhli qd gi`s fjubiu|

dsqhbh|i qgihu fjubhnk dsiujqhdn|, my|q hoi {gjq Qgdb|dn Uiyqiu|, qgudykg hq| Uiyqiu|

Bjuoiq @hkgq |iuvhli, dffiu| Hnahjn fjubiu|.

Dqgiu hnndvjqhvi jss| jna |iuvhli| qgjq jui hoi`x qd ei |sj{nia hnl`yai bdui aiqjhìa

jaaui||"ìvi gdy|i suhli ldbsjuh|dn qdd`| qgjq hnl`yai vj`yi"jaaia hnfdubjqhdn |ylg

j| gh|qduhlj` suhli|, ldynlh` qjw ejna|, iniukx iffhlhinlx ujqhnk|, dlj` luhbi ujqi| jna

`dlj` |lgdd` Df|qia ujqhnk|? `hvi ld``jqia hnfdubjqhdn lyuuinq`x deqjhnjeì dn`x dn NG\

Ahuilq, |ylg j| uij`"qhbi jvjh`jeh`hqx df s`jli| jq `dlj` NG\ ainqh|q|? jna dqgiu |silhfhl

eyq jndnxbh|ia gij`qgljui hnfdubjqhdn. Qgi jqqiu ljn sdqinqhj``x ei df bylg

Edw := Dsin ajqj jna hnndvjqhvi jss| hn Ni{ Xduo Lhqx

Ni{ Xduo Lhqx h| jn hnqiui|qhnk iwjbsì df gd{ qgi dsinhnk ys df sye`hl ajqj gj|

|sj{nia j |quhnk df hnndvjqhvi jss| qgjq gj| qujn|fdubia qgi {jx Ni{ Xduoiu| `hvi, {duo

jna s`jx. Qgudykg hq| NXL EhkJss| Ldbsiqhqhdn, qgi Ni{ Xduo Lhqx Ildndbhl

Aivi`dsbinq Ldusdujqhdn jna qgi Aisjuqbinq df Hnfdubjqhdn Qilgnd`dkx jna

Qiìldbbynhljqhdn| ld``jedujqia {hqg jedyq


10/22

:3Ajqj h| qgi Niwq Fudnqhiu, Jnj`xqhl| qgi Ni{ Qdd`

ldbbiulhj` j| {i`` j| |dlhj` vj`yi. Fdu iwjbsì, Fujnli Qiìldb| Dujnki dffiu|, hn

ld``jedujqhdn {hqg gij`qgljui sudvhaiu| jna j biahlj` aivhli| ldbsjnx, |iuvhli| qgjq

bdnhqdu ahjeiqhl| jna ljuahjl sjqhinq| uibdqi`x. Qgi|i jui iwsilqia qd ei hnluij|hnk`x

ldbbdn dffiuhnk|, j| jui |iuvhli| jna jss`hljqhdn| qgjq j``d{ fdu hnluij|ia

siu|dnj`h|jqhdn.

Qgi |sj{nhnk df hnndvjqhvi jss| jna |iuvhli| ej|ia dn dsin sye`hl ajqj ljn ei y|ify`

ndq dn`x fdu qgi ldn|ybiu bjuoiq eyq j`|d fdu dukjnh|jqhdn| |iiohnk qd y|i j

ldbehnjqhdn df ah|sjujqi hnfdubjqhdn qd dsqhbh|i qgihu dsiujqhdn|, jna qgiuiex ingjnli

qgihu ldbsiqhqhvini|| qgudykg kuijqiu iffhlhinlx. Bjnyfjlqyuhnk jna uiqjh` fhub|

i|silhj``x qgd|i qgjq ljnndq jffdua |dsgh|qhljqia inqiusuh|i"{hai jnj`xqhl| julghqilqyui

{h`` einifhq fudb ingjnlia bj|g"ys| df {ijqgiu, qujffhl, ldbbdahqhi| suhli| jna dlj`

Mdelinqui S`y| jedyu bjuoiq hnfdubjqhdn.

Quina 5= Kujayj` dsinhnk ys df ajqj hn qgi suhvjqi |ilqdu

Qgi suhvjqi |ilqdu gj| qujahqhdnj``x eiin ui`jqhvi`x bdui ui`ylqjnq jna |`ykkh|g hn

dsinhnk ys {gjq jui |iin j| sudsuhiqjux ajqj|iq| qd aivi`dsiu| jna qghua sjuqhi|.

Jllduahnk qd j |yuvix, j`qgdykg qgi bjmduhqx df dukjnh|jqhdn| jui oiin dn qgi

kdviunbinq| dsin ajqj hnhqhjqhvi, 67) {dyà ndq ei suisjuia qd dsin ys jlli|| qd

qgihu d{n ajqj ai|shqi uildknh|hnk qgi ldbbiulhj` einifhq| ajqj |gjuhnk ldyà euhnk.:6

Dukjnh|jqhdn| ldnliun| ujnki fudb suhvjlx jna jlldynqjeh`hqx h||yi| qd hnqi`ìlqyj`

sudsiuqx sudqilqhdn jna zyj`hqx df ajqj bjnjkibinq.

Gd{iviu, {hqg qgi hnluij|hnk hbsduqjnli df ghkg`x niq{duoia jna dsin |dyuli ey|hni||

bdai`| jna javjnlibinq| hn jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| qgjq gi`s bhqhkjqi |dbi df qgi|i

ldnliun|, dukjnh|jqhdn| jui eikhnnhnk qd fd``d{ qgi kdviunbinq| ija. Hn|yujnli fhub|

jui jbdnk qgi iju`x jadsqiu| df qgi dsin ajqj sjujahkb, suhbjuh`x {hqg qgi jhb df

|gjuhnk hnfdubjqhdn dn fujya|qiu|. [ghì hnldusdujqhnk suiahlqhvi bdai`| hnqd qgi l`jhb|

sudli||hnk |x|qib bhkgq gi`s f`jk ys l`jhb| {hqg j ghkg sudejeh`hqx df fujya, ex |gjuhnk

hnqi``hkinli {hqghn qgi hnay|qux fhub| jui jeì qd ijun qgi euijaqg df quhlo| fujya|qiu| ljnibs`dx qd bjoi fj`|i l`jhb|.

Fdu bd|q dukjnh|jqhdn|, qgi ujh|dn aqui fdu |gjuhnk ajqj hi| hn qgi ingjnlia jeh`hqx qd

|iuvi ly|qdbiu| eiqqiu, {ghlg df ldyu|i qujn|`jqi| hnqd qgi `hoi`x hnluij|i hn bjuoiq

|gjui jna ldbsiqhqhvi javjnqjki. Qgh| h| sjuqhly`ju`x hbsduqjnq fdu dukjnh|jqhdn|

dsiujqhnk {hqg ghkg`x niq{duoia |yss`x jna ah|quheyqhdn lgjhn|. Ly|qdbiu| ujui`x edqgiu

jedyq qgi ui`jqhdn|ghs| eighna qgi |lini| jbdnk niq{duo bibeiu| du qgi hnniu

:6

Ey|hni||i| yn{h` hnk qd |gjui ajqj, eyq oiin dn kdviunbinq adhnk hq, Qgi Kyjuahjn Dn`hni, 58 Myn, jvjh`jeì jqgqqs=$${{{.kyjuahjn.ld.yo$qilgnd`dkx$53:3$myn$58$ey|hni||"ajqj"|gjuhnk"yn{h``hnk, jlli||ia dn :6 My` 53:5.


11/22


12/22


bdui iffilqhvi`x. J`qgdykg qgi dsin hnndvjqhdn ldnlisq gj| eiin judyna fdu niju`x j

ailjai,:7 bjnx dukjnh|jqhdn| gjvi fdyna hq lgj`ìnkhnk qd syq hnqd sujlqhli. Ynqh`

uilinq`x, hnndvjqhdn gj| j`{jx| eiin ldnlihvia j| j adbjhn df hn"gdy|i U&A

aisjuqbinq|, {hqg qgi hnvd`vibinq df iwqiunj` sjuqhi| y|yj``x eihnk fdubj`h|ia hn hnqiu"

dukjnh|jqhdnj` mdhnq"vinqyui| du j``hjnli|. Qgi haij df shlohnk fudb jn iwl`y|hvi sdd` df

hn"gdy|i eujhn| gj| nd{ |ghfqia jna {h`` ldnqhnyi qd |ghfq ivin bdui bjuoia`x qd

qjsshnk hnqd j {duà df qjìnq.

Ld``jedujqhvi niq{duo| gjvi |hnli eildbi j suivjh`hnk quina. Qgjno| qd qgi inje`hnk

sd{iu df qilgnd`dkhi|, ajqj ljn nd{ ei kiniujqia jna deqjhnia jna ex iwqin|hdn,

ld``jedujqhvi hnndvjqhdn |sj{nia fudb vhuqyj``x jnx {h``hnk |dyuli|, hnl`yahnk

suivhdy|`x ynhbjkhnjeì dni| |ylg j| ldn|ybiu|, |yss`hiu| jna ldbsiqhqdu|. Qgi

hnqiuniq jna dqgiu ahkhqj` qilgnd`dkhi| gjvi ljqjsy`qia ld"luijqhdn hnqd qgi bjhn|quijb.

[ghì my|q q{d xiju| jkd Lh|ld i|qhbjqia qujffhl f`d{| dviu qgi hnqiuniq {dyà uijlg 66;iwjexqi| ex 53:5,:8 qgi i|qhbjqi gj| nd{ eiin uivh|ia qd ;38 iwjexqi|.53 Qgi vj|q

jbdynq df ajqj qgjq h| |gjuia dviu lxeiu|sjli h| ldnqhnyhnk qd uivd`yqhdnh|i jnj`xqhl|

jna jaa j ni{ ahbin|hdn qd dukjnh|jqhdnj` ailh|hdn"bjohnk.

Qgi ldnlisq| df dsin |dyuli jna dsin s`jqfdub| injeì ld``jedujqhdn jq |ljì, jna

ginli qgi sud`hfiujqhdn df ehk ajqj qgudykg juki"|ljì lud{a|dyulhnk. Inkjkhnk {hqg qgi

{haiu ldbbynhqx vhj s`jqfdub| |ylg j| |dlhj` biahj injeì| dukjnh|jqhdn| qd deqjhn

hbsduqjnq hn|hkgq| qgjq {dyà gjvi dqgiu{h|i eiin bh||ia qgudykg njuud{ hnfdubjqhdn

kjqgiuhnk lgjnni`|. Fdu hn|qjnli, j| bdui qgjn 67 bh``hdn e`dkkiu| {duà{hai sd|q

uivhi{| jna uildbbinajqhdn| jedyq sudaylq| jna |iuvhli|, gdqi`hiu| jui {i``

sd|hqhdnia qd kjhn hn|hkgq| hnqd qgi jfqiu"iffilq| df j eja iwsiuhinli hn j ah|kuynqìa

kyi|q| |dlhj` niq{duo|. Dukjnh|jqhdn| ljn |dbiqhbi| fhna dyq bdui jedyq qgib|i`vi|

{gin qgix ldn|haiu qgi vhi{ fudb qgi dyq|hai.5:

Qgi Fdua Bdqdu Ldbsjnx, Sis|hLd jna \dyqg{i|q Jhu`hni| jui jbdnk dukjnh|jqhdn|

qgjq jnj`x|i sd|qhnk| jedyq qgib dn Fjlieddo jna Q{hqqiu qd kjyki qgi hbbiahjqi

hbsjlq df qgihu bjuoiqhnk ljbsjhkn| jna qd fii` qgi lgjnkhnk sy`|i df ldn|ybiu

|inqhbinq| jedyq qgihu eujna|.55 Hn|qija df qjohnk bdnqg| qd juuhvi jq ailh|hdn|, du

bdai` gxsdqgiqhlj` |linjuhd|, Jbj}dn |hbs`x j|o| ly|qdbiu| uikjuahnk lgdhli| df

|iuvhli fijqyui| du j bdui iffhlhinq lgilo"dyq sudli||. Jn jn|{iu ldyà ei deqjhnia hn

:7 J`qgdykg hnqiu"fhub ld``jedujqhdn hn U&A ljn ei qujlia ejlo niju`x gj`f j linqyux, qgi haij {j| dn`x fdubj``xldnlisqyj`h|ia j| dsin hnndvjqhdn ex Ginux Lgi|eudykg jedyq j ailjai jkd. \ii Lgi|eudykg, G.[. '533


13/22

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14/22


15/22


ndniqgiì|| vhqj` hnfdubjqhdn hn qgi gjna`hnk df jn ibs`dxii| ldbsin|jqhdn l`jhb. Hn j

eha qd hnfdub jna hbsudvi hq| uiluyhqbinq sudli|| jna dyqldbi|, qgi Edn"Qdn \qdui| hn

qgi Y\ jss`hia GU jnj`xqhl| qd yn|quylqyuia ajqj hn duaiu qd hainqhfx qgi jqquheyqi| df

|ylli||fy` ld|biqhl| |jì| uisui|inqjqhvi|. \hnli 5337, qgi lgjhn gj| |iin jn hnluij|i

df Y\!:,133 hn |jì| siu uis jna j 59) ailuij|i hn ibs`dxii qyundviu.51

Qgi jeh`hqx df javjnlia jnj`xqhl| qd ldbehni yn|quylqyuia ajqj jna suiahlqhvi j`kduhqgb|

{h`` |ii qgi hnluij|hnk y|i df ivinq"auhvin julghqilqyui| qd |sj{n hnndvjqhdn|. Ldbsìw

Ivinq Sudli||hnk 'LIS(, fdu hn|qjnli, injeì| vj`yi qd ei ljsqyuia fudb uij`"qhbi ajqj

jna hnqi``hkinq ailh|hdn| qd ei jyqd"kiniujqia hn|qjnqjnidy|`x. Ex ui`xhnk dn hnfiuinli

du uyì"ej|ia uij|dnhnk qilgnd`dkx, LIS h| jeì qd y|i yn|quylqyuia ajqj qd hnfiu du

suiahlq jn ivinq jna bdai` jna jnj`x|i hq| sdqinqhj` hbsjlq. Fdua| @d{ \siia \jfiqx

\x|qib jna Fdu{jua Jìuq, aivi`dsia y|hnk LIS qd jyqdbjqhlj``x hnqiuvini qd suivinq

sdqinqhj` d{"|siia ld``h|hdn| hn yuejn auhvhnk, gjvi bjai qgi jyqdbdehì khjnq qgihnay|qux ijaiu hn |jfiqx qilgnd`dkx. \i`f"auhvhnk lju| df qgi fyqyui {h`` ei eyh`q dn |hbh`ju

jnj`xqhl| qilgnd`dkhi|.

NXLFjliq|, j ui|dyuli fdu dqgiu aivi`dsiu| jna {hnniu df qgh| xiju| NXL EhkJss|

Ldbsiqhqhdn, h| jndqgiu iwjbsì df hnndvjqhdn |sj{nia fudb y|hnk javjnlia jnj`xqhl|

qd bjoi |in|i df |quylqyuia jna yn|quylqyuia ajqj. NXLFjliq| h| jn jss`hljqhdn qgjq

|iio| qd |quijb`hni qgi sudli|| df jlli||hnk jna yqh`h|hnk Ni{ Xduo Lhqx| Dsin Ajqj

Sduqj`. Ex y|hnk j ldbehnjqhdn df |ibjnqhl|, |qjqh|qhl| jna lud{aond{ìaki, hq

fynlqhdn| j| jn dsin ajqj bj|g"ys sduqj` qgjq ljn ld``jedujqi |quylqyuia jna

yn|quylqyuia ajqj, inje`hnk y|iu| qd bjoi hnqi``hkinq, fiaiujqia zyiuhi| dn qgi lhqx|

iwsdninqhj` x hnluij|hnk jbdynq df ajqj jna bj|g hq ys {hqg dqgiu sye`hl jna suhvjqi

ajqj |dyuli|.59

Qgi hbsduqjnli jna vj`yi df hn|hkgq| qgjq ljn ei aiuhvia fudb ynldnvinqhdnj` qxsi| df

ajqj jui hnluij|hnk`x jlond{ìakia. Qgi lgj`ìnki fdu dukjnh|jqhdn| h| q{d"fdà= qd eyhà

jna ais`dx qgi jssudsuhjqi javjnlia jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| qd kìjn hn|hkgq| fudb j

sd{iufy` ldbehnjqhdn df |quylqyuia jna yn|quylqyuia ajqj, jna qd gjuni|| qgi sdqinqhj`

fdu hnndvjqhdn qgjq ynldnvinqhdnj` ajqj dffiu|.

Quina 9= Ldnviukinli df hnfdubjqhdn julghqilqyui

J`qgdykg jn hnluij|hnk nybeiu df dukjnh|jqhdn| gjvi eikyn bjohnk eiqqiu y|i df qgihu

ajqj, jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| gjvi dfqin eiin fdly|ia dn |iviuj` ghkg`x qjukiqia juij|,

51 Kjuaniu, N., BlKujnjgjn, A. jna [d`f, [. '53::(, Zyi|qhdn fdu xdyu GU lghif= Jui {i y|hnk dyu sidsì ajqj qd

luijqi vj`yi4, BlOhn|ix Zyjuqiu`x, Bju.59 NXL EhkJss|


16/22


y|yj``x fdu ynaiu|qjnahnk jna suiahlqhnk ldn|ybiu eigjvhdyu jna fdu fhnjnlhj`

bdai``hnk. Qgi hnqiuldnnilqiani|| df dukjnh|jqhdnj` fynlqhdn| jna qgi ldbsìwhqx df qgi

ild|x|qib 'ildndbhl, invhudnbinqj`, |dlhj`, sd`hqhlj`( bijn jnj`xqhl| by|q nd{ bhuudu

qgi ldbsìw uij`hqhi| df ey|hni|| jna hnqikujqi ahffiuinq vjuhjeì| hnqd qgi izyjqhdn.

Fudb qgihu uddq| hn ghkg`x |h`dia |x|qib|, qgi ah|lhs`hni| df siufdubjnli, uh|o jna

ldbs`hjnli bjnjkibinq jui nd{ ldnviukhnk hnqd jn hnqikujqia fujbi{duo df

inqiusuh|i"ìvi` |qujqikx jna kdviunjnli. Qgh| gj| eiin auhvin hn sjuq ex qgi

jlond{ìakibinq qgjq uh|o| by|q ei j||i||ia hn qgi ldnqiwq df jn dukjnh|jqhdn|

|qujqikx jna siufdubjnli demilqhvi|, {ghì ldbs`hjnli |gdyà ei ej|ia dn jn

dukjnh|jqhdn| uh|o|. \hbh`ju`x, jqqibsq| qd suiahlq ly|qdbiu syulgj|i eigjvhdyu ljn nd

`dnkiu ei adni hn h|d`jqhdn fudb j nybeiu df dqgiu oix ui`jqia vjuhjeì| |ylg j| hnqiui|q

ujqi|, iwsilqia hnf`jqhdn, ldn|ybiu ldnfhainli, invhudnbinqj` ikh|`jqhdn, jnqhlhsjqia

ldbsiqhqdu dffiuhnk|, |yss`x lgjhn ah|uysqhdn|, vd`jqh`hqx df fduihkn bjuoiq|, |jì|siu|dnni` siufdubjnli, javiuqh|hnk |sina jna ivin qgi {ijqgiu.

Qgi |dyuli df ldbsiqhqhvi javjnqjki ljn ei fdyna hn jn dukjnh|jqhdn| jeh`hqx qd

gd`h|qhlj``x j||i|| qgi vjuhdy| fujkbinqia hnfdubjqhdn jvjh`jeì |d j| qd bjoi hnfdubia

ailh|hdn|. Uij` jnj`xqhl| bjx ei qgi jn|{iu kdhnk fdu{jua. Hq uifiu| qd qgi ldbsìw

ldnviukinli df hnfdubjqhdn bjnjkibinq, siufdubjnli hbsudvibinq jna javjnlia

jnj`xqhl| qgjq uizyhui| jn jssudsuhjqi inqiusuh|i"{hai hnfdubjqhdn julghqilqyui qd |yssduq

hq. Uij` jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| injeì dukjnh|jqhdn| qd jbj`kjbjqi ah|sjujqi ajqj jna

fh`qiu qgihu indubdy| jbdynq hn duaiu qd bjoi |in|i df ajqj ndh|i, bdai` qgi sdqinqhj`

hbsjlq dn |silhfhl dyqldbi| jna ah|qh` oix hn|hkgq| qd hnfdub ailh|hdn|. Hq {h`` sy|g

jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| aiisiu hnqd jn dukjnh|jqhdn jna {h`` eildbi jn hn|qhqyqhdnj`h|ia

ndub fdu ailh|hdn"bjohnk. \ylg javjnlia jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| jui bjai hnluij|hnk`x

sd||heì ex bdaiun ldbsyqhnk sd{iu qgjq adyeì| jssudwhbjqi`x iviux :7 bdnqg|.56

Jkjhn|q |ylg j ejloauds, hq h| gjua`x |yusuh|hnk qgjq qgi hoi| df HEB, Bhlud|dfq, Dujlì

jna \JS gjvi |sinq eh``hdn| hn qgi sj|q fi{ xiju| jlzyhuhnk |dfq{jui aivi`dsiu| hn qgi

fhià df javjnlia ajqj jnj`xqhl| hn jnqhlhsjqhdn df j |yuki hn aibjna fdu |dsgh|qhljqia

inqiusuh|i"{hai hnfdubjqhdn julghqilqyui|.

Qgh| ldnviukinli sui|inq| |iviuj` hbs`hljqhdn| fdu dukjnh|jqhdn|. Bjnx gjvi jùijax

hnvi|qia gijvh`x hn ei|sdoi hnfdubjqhdn bjnjkibinq, siufdubjnli bjnjkibinq jna HQ

|x|qib|. [ghì qgi|i bjx |iuvi qgihu |silhfhl syusd|i| viux {i``, dukjnh|jqhdn| niia qd

|qjuq qghnohnk df kujayj``x bdvhnk qd{jua| j biqj"|x|qib, du julghqilqyui, qgjq ljn

sudvhai jn hnqikujqia inqiusuh|i vhi{ df qgi|i hnqiu"ui`jqia fynlqhdn|. Sjuj`ì` qd qgh| h|

qgi niia qd jlzyhui jna aivi`ds qgi uhkgq qjìnq jna hn|qhqyqhdnj` |oh``| qd jnj`x|i jna

hnqiusuiq hnfdubjqhdn jna qd |qujqikhlj``x qyun ghna|hkgq jna hn|hkgq hnqd fdui|hkgq.

56 Qgh| h| ej|ia dn Bddui| `j{, {ghlg h| nd{ |dbi{gjq j quyh|b hn qgi ldbsyqiu hnay|qux. Hnqi` ld"fdynaiu KduadnBddui fhu|q de|iuvia qgjq qujn|h|qdu| dn j lghs {dyà adyeì iviux xiju, eifdui uilj`heujqhnk hq hn :8;9 qd iviux q{d

xiju|. Ajvha Gdy|i, j qgin Hnqi` iwilyqhvi, ndqia qgjq qgh| {dyà ljy|i ldbsyqhnk siufdubjnli qd adyeì iviux :7bdnqg|. \ii Bddui, K.I. ':869(, Lujbbhnk bdui ldbsdninq| dnqd hnqikujqia lhulyhq|,Iìlqudnhl|,


17/22

:;Ajqj h| qgi Niwq Fudnqhiu, Jnj`xqhl| qgi Ni{ Qdd`

Hq| bdui qgjn my|q qilgnd`dkx*

Dukjnh|jqhdn| gjvi gh|qduhlj``x hnvi|qia gijvh`x hn qilgnd`dkx jna qilgnd`dkhlj`

|d`yqhdn| fdu qgi syusd|i df bjnjkhnk jna jnj`x|hnk ajqj. \dbi, hn jnqhlhsjqhdn dffyqyui ejqqìkudyna|, gjvi kdni j |qis fyuqgiu ex syqqhnk hn s`jli iwsin|hvi jnj`xqhl|

qilgnd`dkhi|. Giuihn hi| j sdqinqhj` shqfj`` qilgnd`dkx j`dni h| yn`hoi`x qd ai`hviu qgi

gd`x kujh` df suiahlqhvi hn|hkgq| qgjq quybs ldbsiqhqhdn, du qgi bjuoiq"bjohnk hnndvjqhdn|

qgjq aifhni jn dukjnh|jqhdn. @ijaiu| jna iwilyqhvi| {gd jui hnluij|hnk`x ui`xhnk dn

ldbsìw ajqj jnj`x|h| fdu ailh|hdn"bjohnk jna hnndvjqhdn by|q ndq `d|i |hkgq df jq ìj|q

|hw dqgiu oix ldn|haiujqhdn|.

Qgi bd|q hbsduqjnq df qgi|i h| qgi j`hknbinq eiq{iin jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh hqhi| jna

ey|hni|| niia|. Ajqj jna jnj`xqhl| by|q qgiuifdui qjoi dn j |qujqikx"ìvi`

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|qujqikx(, jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| by|q |yssduq edjua"ìvi` |qujqikx jna qgi dviuj``

ey|hni|| bdai`. Quxhnk qd fduli |zyjui sik| hnqd udyna gdì| h| j {j|qi df suilhdy|

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ld|q jhu`hni|(, jn jssudsuhjqi, |qujqikhlj``x"j`hknia jnj`xqhl| julghqilqyui bhkgq gi`s

suiahlq uj{ bjqiuhj` suhli| 'i.k., fyi` suhli|( jna hnndvjqhvi`x |quylqyui j`qiunjqhvi

syulgj|hnk dsqhdn| 'i.k., fyi` giakhnk ldnfhkyujqhdn|(, ndq dni qgjq xhià| ni{

ldnfhkyujqhdn| df j suibhyb |iuvhli, nd bjqqiu gd{ hnndvjqhvi qgjq bjx jssiju qd ei.

Ghqgiuqd, dukjnh|jqhdn| gjvi bd|q`x ais`dxia jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| hn ghkg`x qjukiqiajuij| ly|qdbiu, suhlhnk jna fhnjnli eihnk, ynaiu|qjnaje`x, qgi bd|q sdsy`ju |h`d|. Hn

duaiu qd kjhn j gd`h|qhl vhi{ df qgi dukjnh|jqhdn| vj`yi luijqhdn jlqhvhqhi| jna hq| iwqiunj`

invhudnbinq, hq h| nili||jux qd, jq ìj|q hnluibinqj``x, sy|g jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| aiisiu

hnqd j`` juij| df qgi dukjnh|jqhdn. Jn jnj`xqhl| julghqilqyui qgjq hnqikujqi|j`` juij| df

qgi dukjnh|jqhdn h| ljsjeì df ai`hviuhnk bdui jllyujqi jna ldbsuigin|hvi suiahlqhvi

hn|hkgq| jna bhnhbh|i| qgi sd||heh`hqx df bh||hnk dyq dn hbsduqjnq vjuhjeì| jna qgihu

iffilq|.

L`d|i`x ui`jqia qd qgi jedvi q{d ldn|haiujqhdn| h| qgi niia fdu qgi LID qd auhvi qgi

jadsqhdn df jnj`xqhl| jlud|| qgi dukjnh|jqhdn. [hqgdyq j lgjbshdn df fjlq"ej|iaailh|hdn"bjohnk inldyujkhnk, nyakhnk jna ljmd`hnk qgi inqhui dukjnh|jqhdn qd ibeujli

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hn|qhqyqhdnj`h|i jnj`xqhl| j| qgi |qjnajua sudli|| fdu ailh|hdn"bjohnk, du qd iws`dhq ajqj

fdu hnndvjqhdn, bjx qyun dyq qd ei gj`f"ejoia, fyqhì iwiulh|i|.

Dukjnh|jqhdnj` j`hknbinq |quylqyui, sudli||i| jna ly`qyui h| jndqgiu oix

ldn|haiujqhdn vhqj` fdu |ylli||fy``x ibeiaahnk jnj`xqhl| ljsjeh`hqhi| hn qgi dukjnh|jqhdnj`

fjeuhl. Qgi y|i df ajqj jna qgi ais`dxbinq df jnj`xqhl| fdu ailh|hdn"bjohnk by|q lyq

jlud|| hnqiunj` edynajuhi| hn duaiu qd xhià qgi ei|q ui|y`q|. Qgh|, gd{iviu, kdi| jkjhn|q


18/22


qgi kujhn df jn dukjnh|jqhdn jna ljn ij|h`x luijqi fuhlqhdn, juki`x eiljy|i qgi ndqhdn df

dukjnh|jqhdn hq|i`f uihnfduli| |h`d| jna |yeldn|lhdy|`x ah||yjai| bibeiu| fudb fuii`x

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df |sj{nhnk hnndvjqhdn fudb ajqj.

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Hn niia df j edd|qiu

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