Data for Community Planning - Oregon State Universityhealth.oregonstate.edu/sites/health.oregonstate.edu/files/sbhs/pdf/... · Ted Helvoigt Oregon Employment Department Roberta Henifin

Child Care Policy ResearchBiennial Report

Data forCommunityPlanning1998 Oregon PopulationEstimates & Survey Findings

Oregon Childhood Care andEducation Data Project

Oregon Child Care Research Partnership May 2000

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Acknowledgments...

Data for Community Planning is a product of the Oregon Childhood Care and Education Data Project, acollaboration of public, private and non-profit organizations dedicated to providing timely, accurate andreliable information about the supply, demand, cost and quality of child care services in Oregon. Thisresearch effort is supported in part by the Child Care Bureau in the Administration for Children, Youthand Families, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.The Child Care Division of the Oregon Employment Department provided support to the OregonProgress Board for the 1998 Oregon Population Survey. The Oregon Population Survey was conductedby Clearwater Research, Inc. Additional in-kind and information resources were provided by the OregonChild Care Resource and Referral Network. Population estimates were generated by the Center forPopulation Research and Census at Portland State University, and Office of Economic Analysis, OregonDepartment of Administrative Services.

The research project was headed by Bobbie Weber of the Oregon Child Care Research Partnership, Linn-Benton Community College. Oregon Population Survey Analysis was provided by Dallas Fridley,Oregon Employment Department—Research and Analysis, for the Child Care Division. Additional helpwas provided by Kumiko Okuyama, Research Associate, Oregon Child Care Research Partnership, TedHelvoigt and Linda Burgin of the Oregon Employment Department, Research and Analysis. Undercontract to the Oregon Child Care Research and Referral Network, Becky Vorpagel of InformationArchitecture Associates produced the county profiles. Throughout the work the research team relied uponthe work and wisdom of Arthur C. Emlen, Regional Research Institute for Human Resources, PortlandState University.

Data GroupArthur Emlen Regional Research Institute for Human Services, Portland State UniversityElizabeth Davis Formerly at Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon State University

and now at Department of Applied Economics, University of MinnesotaKristyn Dundorf Oregon Center for Career Development in Childhood Care and EducationDell Ford Head Start Collaboration Office, Oregon Department of EducationTed Helvoigt Oregon Employment DepartmentRoberta Henifin Adult and Family Services Division, Oregon Department of Human ServicesMary Nemmers Oregon Child Care Resource and Referral NetworkKumiko Okuyama Oregon Child Care Research Partnership, Family Resources and Education,

Linn-Benton Community CollegeTom Olsen Child Care Division, Oregon Employment DepartmentLarry Shadbolt Adult and Family Services, Oregon Department of Human ServicesMarian Smith Oregon Commission on Children and Families, now retiredJeffrey Tryens Oregon Progress BoardBecky Vorpagel Information Architecture AssociatesRosetta Wangerin Adult and Family Services, Oregon Department of Human ServicesBobbie Weber Oregon Child Care Research Partnership, Family Resources and Education,

Linn-Benton Community College.

Foreword...

In its first attempt to provide basic data, the Oregon Childhood Care and Education Data Project producedEstimated Child Care Needs in Oregon in 1991. The group published the first edition of Data forCommunity Planning in 1993 in an attempt to translate raw statistical information about children andfamilies into insightful descriptions of Oregon’s child care marketplace. The 1998 report is acontinuation of this effort to disseminate useful child care information. The work of the Data Projectseeks to improve the quality of information that is available to policy-makers, program planners and childcare advocates. The ability of Oregon communities to develop and improve the accessibility,affordability and quality of childhood care and education is directly related to decision makers’ access toquality information.

The Data Project begins with statistical information from the Oregon Population Survey of the OregonProgress Board and estimates of the number of children from the Center for Population Research andCensus with assistance of the Oregon Office of Economic Analysis. To this rich base of informationabout Oregon households, we add the accumulating (and increasingly standardized) information base ofthe Oregon Child Care Resource and Referral Network, an association of 16 community-based resourceorganizations which serve all 36 Oregon counties. In addition, the Data Project gathers information aboutchild care subsidies and market rates from Adult and Family Services and licensed child care capacityfrom the Child Care Division.

As the Data Project grows and matures, additional independent surveys and research efforts will beincluded in future biennial reports. As in previous years, the work of the Data Project depends on thescope and quality of the Oregon Population Survey data, the maturity of data collection efforts of theOregon Child Care Resource and Referral Network, and the reliability of licensing information providedby the Child Care Division. The Data Project is dedicated to providing detailed, accurate and reliablechild care information at the county level. However, this important goal will not be realized fully untilthe following system improvements are made:

1. Increase the size of the Oregon Population Survey (OPS) to produce statistically valid information at a county level.

2. Increase the data capacity of the Oregon Child Care Resource and Referral Network and individual CCR&Rs. Develop permanent funding for data collection, analysis, and dissemination by the Network and its member CCR&Rs.

3. Make improved use of the Internet by posting data, group publications and electronic links to all Oregon child care research..

Data for Community Planning: 1998 Oregon Population Estimates & Survey Findings

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYData for Community PlanningOregon Childhood Care and Education Data Project

Population Estimates

Oregon has 579,274 children under age 13. Between 1996 and 1998, the number of Oregonchildren grew by 1.6%. While the number of children under 5 and between ages 10 and 12grew by 1.8%, the population growth rate for the children between age 5 and 9 was 1.3%.

Oregon children are distributed into three household income groups; 25.6% in households withincomes under $25,000, 30.4% in households with incomes between $25,000 and $44,999, and44.0% in households with incomes of $45,000 or greater.

Between 1996 and 1998, the number of children in the lowest and middle income categoriesdeclined by 9.1% and 0.4%, while the number of children in the high category grew by 10.6%.Approximately 43% of Oregon families with children under age 13 use paid child care. Whilethe hours of purchased care varies widely from one family to another, Oregon families purchasean average 26.5 hours per week and spend an average $234 per month.

Use of Paid Child Care

More than 35% of Oregon children (210,551) use paid child care arrangements.

Between 1996 and 1998, the percentage of children in paid child care decreased by 0.4percentage point, from 36.3% in 1996 to 35.9% in 1998. While there was an increase forchildren between ages 10-12 (3 percentage points), the percentage of children under 9 decreasedslightly (2 percentage points for under 5 and 0.6% for children between ages 5 and 9).

Children in paid care use a variety of child care arrangements; 27.8% are cared for in their ownhomes, 21.1% are cared for in the homes of others, 47.6% use centers, and 3.5% use a variety ofgroup activities.

There appear to be only minor shifts in types of care being used. The percentage in centers andfamily child care increased slightly between 1996 (58.8%) and 1998 (61.1%). There also appears tobe a shift from family child care into center care. The percentage of children receiving care in a


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relative’s home dropped from 8.6% in 1996 to 7.6% in 1998. The use of in-home care stayedalmost constant at approximately 27% of children in paid care (26.6% in 1996 and 27.8% in1998). Group activities are used predominantly by families with older children. The use ofpaid group activities decreased from 5.9% in 1996 to 3.5% in 1998.

Factors that Drive Child Care Demand

Age of Children Demand decreases as the age of child increases. Of children under age 5, 43.4% use paid care, compared to 19.3% of children ages 10 through 12.

Family Structure Demand is directly related to the number of adults in a household and their employment status. Use is significant among families with two employed parents (50.0%) and even more so for families that have a solo parent who is employed (75.1%). Single solo employed parents have older aged children (53% of families have children over age 4), are more likely to have incomes below $25,000 (59.9%), and use more hours of care than the average Oregon family (31 hours versus 27 hours).

Household Income Demand is related to household income. Approximately 43% of families with incomes under $25,000 use paid care, compared with 39.6% for families with incomes between $25,000 and $44,999, and 47.4 % for families with incomes of $45,000 or more.

Although higher incomes relate to greater use of paid care, the average number of hours of purchased care decreases as incomes increase (28 hours for families under $25,000, and 24 hours for families with incomes of $45,000 or greater).

Shape of Child Care Supply

Oregon’s Child Care Resource and Referral System and the Child Care Division work togetherto develop an accurate estimate of child care supply. We estimate the supply as of June, 1998:

• 952 certified centers with a capacity for 52,486 children• 316 centers exempt from regulation with a capacity for 12,677 children• 7,561 registered family child care with a capacity for 55,233 children• 1,768 family child care facilities (exempt from or pending registration) with a capacity

for 4,923 children.

Of Oregon’s 127,479 agency-identified child care slots, family child care providers account for47.2%, child care centers account for 51.1% and family child care group homes account for 1.7%.


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Oregon’s child care supply benchmark is 25 agency-listed slots per 100 children under age 13.At present the statewide supply totals 22 slots per 100 children. On a county-by-county basis,the supply measure varies significantly. For example, Benton and Multnomah counties are at25 while Curry and Morrow counties are under 12 .

The Price of Child Care

The price of child care varies widely from community to community, between various types ofcare and between the various ages of children served.

Prices generally fall as children increase in age as school fills hours for which care is purchased.Child care centers and group homes generally charge higher prices than family child careproviders. Prices are more closely grouped between types of providers in markets wherecompetition is keen, particularly involving the care of preschool children.

Price is not a measure of cost, or value, or quality. Although price may be influenced by marketforces, such as supply and demand, price is also frequently influenced by the highly personalnature of the relationship between provider and consumer.

Median monthly prices range from $672 for infant care provided by center and group homes to$250 for the care of school age children in child care centers.

The Affordability of Child Care

The average Oregon family that purchases care spends $234 per month on child care. Familieswith incomes in excess of $45,000 spend $238 per month, while families with incomes under$25,000 spend $202 per month.

Families with lower incomes purchase more hours of care per week than high income families(28 versus 24), and spend about the same amount for the care ($2.73 versus $2.69 per hour)despite their income differential. Families in the middle ($25,000-$44,999) spend only $2.37per hour.

Oregon’s benchmark for child care affordability is 10% of household income. Approximately70% of Oregon households have child care expenses that are below the 10% benchmark. Forfamilies earning less than $25,000 per year, only 34.6% spend less than 10% on child care.

Low income families (below $25,000) spend an average of 22.5% of household income on childcare, while high income families (over $45,000) spend an average of 4.1%.


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BIENNIAL REPORTData for Community Planning1998 Population Estimates

Looking Back over a Decade of Progress

The 1985 Oregon Legislature began a period of public and private activism to understand,support and improve the quality of care available to children. The efforts have reflected adiversity of interests and concerns. Some have focused on the need to prepare children forschool and ultimately the workforce. Some have addressed the work-family demands ofworking parents in order to increase their productivity on the job. Some have wanted to build alink between the health and development of the economy and the healthy development ofchildren. Some have recognized that child care was essential to any strategy to reform welfareand increase family self-sufficiency. Others have wanted to elevate child caring to a respectedprofession, a profession that attracts a worthy wage. And still others have set out to ensure thatall children have access to safe, affordable, developmentally appropriate care.

Over the past decade, Oregon has developed a national reputation for successfully combiningthese diverse interests and efforts into effective public-private collaborations. Despite the lackof a comprehensive system of regulation or adequate funding, Oregon has earned high marksfor ingenuity, integrity, efficiency and effectiveness.

In particular, Oregon can be proud of some impressive achievements:

• A nationally recognized model of community planning for child care.• =Measurable benchmarks for directing future public and private decisions.• Welfare reform and workforce-quality initiatives which incorporate access to quality

child care as an essential prerequisite for success.• A comprehensive career development plan for child care workers that incorporates

training, education and mentoring.• An impartial and collaborative process for collecting, analyzing and disseminating

accurate, reliable and timely information to decision makers.

Today, Oregon’s children and families are served by a developing infrastructure of programs,services and policies that support a predominately private child care marketplace. Employers have


5

access to local planning services and statewide tax incentives to encourage private investment in thechild care system. Providers have increasing access to a variety of training and education resources.Parents have access to public and private subsidy programs which honor choice and promote quality.

Communities have access to an increasing body of research and information about the dynamicforces that shape local child care decisions. And yet, despite the impressive efforts of the pastdecade, some of these various initiatives reach only a relatively small percentage of the need. As thefollowing research findings will show, our work has just begun.

Current Research Findings

Data for Community Planning focuses on the forces which determine child care demand, supply andaffordability. The report links these findings to Oregon’s principal child care benchmarks:affordability, availability and quality. Estimating the number of family child care providers haschallenged research partners. An estimate of the size of paid home-based care is provided inAppendix A. Appendix B includes child care profiles of each county. All the information containedin this report is based on spring 1998 research, population estimates and program data, except wherenoted otherwise.

How much care is needed?

Approximately 36% of Oregon children under age 13 are in paid child care arrangements. Thisrepresents about 210,551 of the estimated 579,274 children under age 13. The participation rate for

Children in Paid CareOregon Children Under Age 13

0100200300400500600700

All Oregon Children Children in Paid Care

Tho

usan

ds o

f Chi

ldre

n


6

Oregon families is slightly higher, on average, than that of the children. Approximately 43% ofOregon families use paid child care.

Child care demand is determined by a variety of complex and interrelated forces at work in Oregonfamilies. The leading forces include the number and age of the children, household income,employment status, the structure of the family, the availability of supporting relatives and friendsand the values that guide child- rearing decisions.

Age of Children

Age is a significant factor in both the percentage of children in paid child care (participation rate)

Paid Demand by Age GroupPercent of Children in Age Group

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Ages 0-4 Ages 5-9 Ages 10-12

Perc

ent T

otal

In-Home

Family Child Care

Center

Relative's Home

Group Activity

Paid Demand by Age GroupOregon Children under Age 13

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ages 0-4 Ages 5-9 Ages 10-12

In-Home

Family Child Care

Center

Relative's Home

Group Activity


7

and type of care purchased. For children under age 5 the participation rate is 43.4%, compared with39.9% for children ages 5 through 9, and only 19.3% for children between the ages of 10 and 12.

Children under age 5 are more than twice as likely to be in paid child care arrangements thanchildren between the ages of 10 and 12 but only 4% more likely to use paid care than children ages 5through 9.

While Oregon families purchase child care from a wide variety of providers, the age of the childdoes make some difference in the type of care purchased. Of those children in paid child carearrangements, children under age 5 and between ages 5 and 9 are more likely to be found in childcare centers. Children ages 10 through 12 are served somewhat less by centers, and may be servedby family child care providers or by caregivers providing care in the child's own home. Groupactivity refers to part-time recreation, religious, and cultural programs.

Income

Middle income families, those earning $25,000 to $44,999, are least likely to use paid care.Approximately 40% of these families use paid care as compared with 43% of families with incomesunder $25,000 per year and 47% for families earning $45,000 and above. The case of the singleparent who lives alone stands out. Approximately 12% of children under 13 live in this type ofhousehold. Although 59.5% of these households earn under $25,000, 75.1% of them use paid care.

Household Income and Paid CarePercent of Children in Paid Care by Income Group

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Under $25,000 $25,000 - 44,999 $45,000 and Above


8

While overall use of paid care is lower, the children of lower income families spend more time inpaid care settings (28 hours per week versus 24 hours per week for the highest income group). Thisis due in large measure to the fact that low income families include many solo parents who lackother adults in the household to share child care responsibilities.

Income plays an important role in determining the type of care purchased. Families with incomesbelow $25,000 are more likely to purchase care from a relative or a subsidized center. Families withincomes in excess of $45,000 are more likely to purchase care from centers, or from providers whogive care in the child’s own home.

Average Hours of Purchased Care Per WeekBased on Family Income Group

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Under $25,000 $25,000 - 44,999 $45,000 and Above

Family Income and Use of Paid CarePercent of Children by Income Group

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Under $25,000 $25,000 - 44,999 $45,000 and Above

In-HomeFamily Child CareCenterRelative's HomeGroup Activity


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Employment Status and Family Structure

These two factors, in combination, are the most significant in determining the use of paid care.While the average participation rate for paid care by Oregon families is 43.3%, the rate soars to75.1% for families with an employed solo parent, and 50.0% for families with two employedparents. By contrast, the participation rate falls to 25.8 % for families with one parent in theworkforce and the other at home.

Employment, Family Status, & Child CarePercent of Families Using Paid Care by Type

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

No Employed Adult

Couple - One Employed Adult

Couple - Both Employed

Employed Single Parent*

Employed Single Solo Adult

* Single parent in a shared housing

How much care exists?

Measuring child care supply has proven as complicated and challenging a task as estimating childcare demand. The task is made difficult by the diversity and informality of child care services and

Child Care Facilities / Sites

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000

Centers

Group Homes

Family Child Care


10

the lack of a uniform and comprehensive regulatory system. With these limitations in mind, thisreport has restricted its definition of the child care marketplace to care provided by centers, grouphomes and family child care providers. The supply estimates exclude care in the home of the child,care by relatives and group activities such as part-time recreation, religious and cultural programs.

The method of measuring child care supply in this report combines information from Child CareDivision (CCD) licensing and certification records with data from the Child Care Resource andReferral Network. Using their extensive knowledge of the child care supply, their databases andChild Care Division regulation records in their counties, the Child Care Resource and Referralagencies estimate the child care supply. Based on these sources as of June 1998, Oregon has127,479 slots.

C ap acity of C hild C are Facilities

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

C enters

G roup H om es

Fam ily C hild C are

C apacity of C hild C are Fac ilities (in thousands)

C om p arison of C oun ty S up p ly B ench m ark s

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

W asco

B enton

D ouglas

L ake

M ultnom ah

M orrow

O regon


11

Oregon Child Care Supply Benchmark

Oregon has established a benchmark to measure the accessibility of child care supply and guidethe recruitment, retention and support of child care providers. The benchmark measures theextent to which CCR&R agencies can provide families with information about child careservices.

Based on national research, the Oregon Progress Board has established as a planning goal thateach county have at least 25 agency-listed child care slots for every 100 children under age 13.Once a local CCR&R agency reaches this level of provider enrollment, the CCR&R should beable to provide adequate assistance to families in search of child care services. Below this level,families experience difficulties accessing appropriate child care services.

On a statewide basis, as of July 1998, Oregon has nearly 22 child care slots per 100 childrenunder age 13. The supply benchmark varies greatly from county to county. For example, thebenchmark for Benton and Multnomah counties is 25, while Morrow County is at 11, Wasco isat 12, and Douglas and Lake counties have benchmarks of 18 and 15, respectively.

How good is the match between what exists and what is needed?

It is not enough to know the size and shape of child care supply and demand. Oregon is alsointerested in the efficiency and effectiveness of the child care marketplace. In particular, wewant to know to what extent that marketplace has gaps in service or excess supply. Suchinformation is critical to public and private efforts to recruit and train new providers.

At present, Oregon needs to refine its indicators of the match between supply and demand.Each community-based child care resource and referral agency continues to report significantsupply shortages for infant care, care provided to children who are ill, school-age child care andcare for children with special needs. By contrast, most CCR&R agencies report an adequate toample supply of care for children between the ages of 3 and 5 years.

How much does child care cost?

Significant differences exist between the price charged, the true cost of quality care, theaffordability of care for Oregon families, and the value of child care services as measured bywage rates for child care providers. All of these concepts are interrelated. Acting to resolveissues of affordability (price and family income), for example, has a direct effect oncompensation (cost and value).


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Price

The price charged by Oregon child care providers varies with the type of provider, the locationof the service and the age of the children being served. Infant care in some urban settings maybe priced in excess of $650 per month. By comparison, the price of school age care by a familyprovider in a rural community may be less than $180 per month. Despite the regional variationin prices, a wide range of prices is found within each community. The real price of child care isnot a “going rate” but a range of prices. Every community is its own market.

The following listing provides the median monthly prices charged for full-time care by type ofprovider and age group of children in group area A. Group area A includes Oregoncommunities in which child care prices are the highest in the state.

Centers and Group Homes$672 for infants (under age 1)$625 for toddlers (1 & 2)$420 for preschoolers (3 & 4)$250 for school age (5 & older)

Family Day Care Providers$440 for infants (under age 1)$408 for toddlers (1 & 2)$396 for preschoolers (3 & 4)$220 for school age (5 & older)

Average Monthly Child Care Prices

0 200 400 600 800

School Age

Preschooler

Toddler

Infant

Family Day CareProviders

Centers & Group Homes


13

A verage M onth ly C hild C are E xpense

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

$45 ,000 andA bove

$25 ,000 - 44,999

U nder $25,000

A ll H ouseholds

Affordability

Families make child care purchasing decisions based on a complex set of variables that includeemployment status, job security, income, and the availability of others to provide care. Forexample, it is commonplace for families to make child care affordable by supplementing paid carearrangements with informal care provided by friends and family.

The average Oregon family spends $234 per month on child care. The monthly cost is almostaverage ($ 238) for families with incomes of $45,000 or more, and slightly lower ($ 202) forfamilies earning less than $25,000. Families earning $25,000 to $44,999 are more likely to selectlower priced child care ($ 2.37 versus $2.69 for higher income families).

Child Care Affordability BenchmarkExpense Less Than 10% of Income

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

$45,000 and Above

$25,000 - 44,999

Under $25,000

All Households


14

Low income families also purchase more hours of child care on average (28 hours per week versus24 hours for high income families). As a result, child care costs consume a much higher percentageof the household budget of low income families.

Oregon Child Care Affordability Benchmark

Oregon has adopted a benchmark for monitoring the affordability of child care. Based on the 1998Oregon Population Survey, 70.3% of Oregon families with children under 13 are spending less than10% of their household income on child care (the affordability standard).

The affordability standard is reached by only 34.6 % of families earning less than $25,000 per yearas compared with 97.8% of families earning $45,000 or more.

Higher income families ($ 45,000 or more) spend an average of 4.1% on child care. Low incomefamilies (under $25,000) spend an average of 22.5%.

Household Income and Child Care ExpensePercentage of Income Spent on Child Care

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

$45,000 and Above

$25,000 - 44,999

Under $25,000

All Households


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What is the quality of existing child care services?

Since 1995 the Data Project has participated in a national effort to develop community measuresof child care quality. Research led by Arthur Emlen of Portland State University producedscales which measure quality from a parent perspective. The three-question version of the scalewas incorporated into both the 1996 and 1998 Oregon Population Surveys. Findings arereported below.

The questions measure three components of child care that are known to be important topositive child outcomes. Parents are asked the extent that:

• The child feels safe and secure in care.• The child’s caregiver is open to new information.• The child gets lots of individual attention.

The vast majority of parents perceive the child care arrangements to be safe. Eighty-fourpercent of parents report that their child always feels safe and secure in their current child carearrangement.

A smaller number, approximately two-thirds of parents, perceive that the teachers/providers oftheir children attend to the skills needed to care for children. According to parent reportsslightly over 68% of providers are open to new information and learning.

Ratings of the adult/child relationships were lower. Only 61.5% percent of parents report thattheir child always gets lots of individual attention.

Of concern is the 15.9 % of arrangements that parents perceive as not providing safety on aregular basis. An estimated 33,500 Oregon children are in such arrangements. Willingness ofthe teacher/caregiver to learn about the child and about working with children was of concern in31.7% of arrangements (almost 67,000 children). In 38.5% of arrangements (over 81,000children) parents do not perceive their child to be receiving a lot of attention.

The Data Group continues work with national partners to develop additional measures ofquality that are valid at the community level.

Children with Disabilities

The Quality of Care from a Parent Perspective research has documented that parents withchildren with disabilities have increased difficulty in finding and maintaining child carearrangements. Further, these parents give lower ratings to the quality of their child carearrangements. What has not been known is how many of the children in paid child care have alasting disability. Using the 1998 Oregon Population Survey we are able to estimate theprevalence rates and explore important differences in child care usage.


16

In the Oregon Population Survey parents were asked if their child has a lasting mental,developmental or physical disability. The prevalence rates varied by age of child and bywhether or not the child was in paid child care. As can be seen in the table, children withdisabilities were more likely to be in paid child care arrangements; 7.4% of all children in paidcare have a disability whereas only 3.9% of children not in paid care have a disability. Slightlyover 5% of all Oregon children under age 13 years have a disability. The percentage of childrenwith a disability increases with the age of the child.

AGE OF CHILD

CHILD WITH DISABILITY IN

PAID CHILD CARE ARRANGEMENT

(% of all children in paid care)

CHILD WITH DISABILITY NOT IN PAID CHILD CARE (% of all

children not in paid care)

CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY - IN PAID CARE (% of

all children)

0-2 years of age 7.7% 0.8% 3.2%3-4 years of age 5.5% 3.4% 4.4%5-12 years of age 8.1% 4.7% 5.8%0-12 years of age 7.4% 3.9% 5.1%

Type of Care

CHILD with disabilities IN PAID

CHILD CARE ARRANGEMENT

CHILD without disabilities IN PAID CARE

ARRANGEMENT

CHILDREN with or without

disabilities -- IN PAID CARE

Center 35.9% 48.3% 47.6%In-home 45.3% 26.4% 27.8%In Relative's Home 9.4% 7.7% 7.6%Family Child Care 9.4% 13.8% 13.5%Group Activities 0.0% 3.8% 3.5%Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%Average Hours in Paid Care per Week 13.2 hrs/wk 20.4 hrs/wk 19 hrs/wk

Prevalence of Children with Disabilities in Paid Child Care

Comparison of the Use of Paid Care for Children with or without Disabilities

The use of paid care for children with disabilities has a distinct pattern. Compared to childrenwithout a disability, children with a disability are much more likely to be cared for in their own


17

homes (45.3 % versus 26.4%) or in the home of a relative (9.4% versus 7.7%). They are morelikely to be in part-time care (average 13.2 hours per week versus 20 hours for children withouta reported disability and 19 hours for all children in paid care).

Given the challenges that parents of children with a disability face when finding and managingchild care, we had hypothesized that they would be less likely to use paid care. What we foundis that they are more likely to use paid child care but for fewer hours a week, and that the typeof paid care they are most likely to use is care in the child’s home. They are less likely to useout-of-home market care in centers or family child care homes. It is not clear to what extentthis pattern of care reflects preferences or barriers to choice. In another study we found thatchildren with emotional and behavioral disabilities are less likely to enjoy continuity of care intheir paid arrangements. Their parents are less likely to find caregivers they can rely on for theflexibility they need, and they report lower quality of child care. In general, these parents face asignificantly more difficult situation than do other parents.


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Statewide Findings of the 1998 Oregon PopulationSurvey

Sample Sizes

The 1998 Oregon Population Survey (OPS) contains survey data collected from 4,816households and has records for 12,665 individuals. It is a telephone survey. In addition torandom samples drawn from eight regions in Oregon, the 1998 OPS includes a minorityaugment for four ethnic/racial groups; African American, Asian American, Native American,and Hispanics.

Accurate estimation of population parameters in a complex survey requires the use of weights inanalyses since analyses using raw data will lead to biased estimates. The 1998 OPS containstwo weights: relative weights and expansion weights. Both weights are constructed accordingto race/ethnicity, sex, age, and household types at the county level and by using populationestimates published by the Census Bureau as references. All of our analyses, except for that inAppendix A, in this paper use relative weights because our primary interests lie in theestimation of proportions. In Appendix A, however, we are more interested in estimatedpopulation and we use expansion weights.

Sample sizes for the majority of the analyses are noted in Tables 1, 3, 5 and 6. We do not notethe sample size for the graphics of the findings reported in those tables. When we reportfindings that are not captured in those tables we do note the sample size.

Sample size is problematic when the analyses address issues that involve a small percentage ofthe population as is the case with children with disabilities and home-based paid child care. Inthese cases findings may be unreliable. Pooling data from several years of the populationsurvey will allow more reliable inferences to be made.

TABLES 1-6

The following six tables were originally prepared by Dallas Fridley of the Oregon StateEmployment Department, based on examples prepared by Arthur Emlen & Associates Inc., incooperation with the Regional Research Institute for Human Services at Portland StateUniversity.

Survey data were provided by Clearwater Research, Inc. The survey is conducted on a biennialbasis under the direction of the Oregon Progress Board.

Population data were provided by the Center for Population Research and Census at PortlandState University and Oregon Office of Economic Analysis, Department of AdministrativeServices.


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EXPLANATION OF TABLES 1 - 6:Statewide Findings from the 1998 Oregon Population Survey

Table 1. Percents and estimates of children in paid care.

Table 2. Percents and estimates of the children in types of paid care.

Table 3. Use of paid care and types of paid care by families.This table profiles:

• = % of families using paid care• number of children per family• hours in paid care• amount spent on child care by family• amount spent per hour.

Table 4. Summary of Factors Related to Affordability of Child Care.This table profiles the impact of household income on: families use of paid care and types of paid care:

• families use of paid care and types of paid care• child care expenditures as a proportion of household income, i.e., the

Affordability Benchmark• average amount per month spent by families• hours of care per week purchased• average amount spent per hour on child care.

Table 5. Family Size and Paid Care.This table profiles the impact of family size on the use of paid care:

• for families with children of different age spans• for families using different kinds of paid care• compared to families who do not use paid care.

Table 6. Profile of Child-Care Demand by Family Type.The family classification is based on marital status, shared housing, and employmentstatus of parents. There are 5 types: couples with one parent employed, 2-earner couples, employed single parents living solo, employed single parents in shared housing, and families in which no parent is employed. This table profiles the impactof family type on:

• household income• use of paid care by the family• average hours of paid care for the family as a whole• average hours of paid care per child• percent having children ages 0-4 and 5-9• stage of family development• family size for all families and for those who do and do not use paid care.


20

The tables were prepared by the Oregon Employment Department. The 1998 OregonPopulation Survey was conducted for the Oregon Progress Board by Clearwater Research, Inc.The population census estimates were provided by the Center for Population Research andCensus at Portland State University and Oregon Office of Economic Analysis, Department ofAdministrative Services.


Table 1. Estimated Number of Children in Paid Child Care: 1998

Survey Sample *Oregon Population (7/1/98)Age of Child Number of

ChildrenNumber in

PrimaryPaid Care

Percent inPaid Care

Number inSecondaryPaid Care

Population inAge Category

Est. Populationin PAID Care

Est.Population in

SecondaryPAID Care

Ages 0-4 682 296 43.4% 10 216,477 93,955 1,378

Ages 5-9 899 359 39.9% 25 225,653 90,111 2,506

Ages 10-12 523 101 19.3% 4 137,144 26,485 203

Ages 0-9 1581 655 41.4% 35 442,130 184,066 3,884

Ages 0-12 2104 756 35.9% 39 579,274 210,551 4,087

*DAS-OEA population estimate provided by Kanhaiya L. Vaidya

Table 2. Estimated Number of Children in Five Types of Paid Child Care,by Age of Child: 1998

Age of Child Type of Paid Care # of Childrenby PrimaryCare Type

As % ofChildren in Paid

Care

As % of AllChildren

Est. Populationin Each type of

Paid Care

Ages 0-4 Center 131 45.3% 19.2% 41,581In-Home 96 33.2% 14.1% 30,472Relative's Home 22 7.6% 3.2% 6,983Family Child Care 37 12.8% 5.4% 11,744Group 3 1.0% 0.4% 952Total 289 100.0% 91,732

Ages 5-9 Center 174 51.5% 19.4% 43,675In-Home 76 22.5% 8.5% 19,076Relative's Home 27 8.0% 3.0% 6,777Family Child Care 48 14.2% 5.3% 12,048Group 13 3.8% 1.4% 3,263Total 338 100.0% 84,839




21


Table 3. Family Use of Paid Care for Children Under Age 13: 1998

Types of Paid Care

Any Paid Care Center In-Home Relatives FCC GroupActivity

Other

Number of Families Using Care*493 248 112 35 80 14 26

As % of All Families N = 1138 43.3% 21.8% 9.8% 3.1% 7.0% 1.2% 2.3%As % of Families Using Paid Care 100% 50% 23% 7% 16% 3% 5%

* Note a 4.5% multiple-care use

# of Children < 13 per Family1.75 1.70 2.05 1.61 1.57 1.84 2.02

Hours in Paid Care, Family Total

Mean 26.5 27.3 25.4 21.3 24.5 11.8 15.9Standard Deviation 18.8 18.5 19.7 18.4 18.1 9.6 12.8

Median 24 25 24 16 22 10 15

N 388 200 82 31 67 9 19

Total Amount Spent on Child Care

Mean $240 $261 $232 $157 $207 $90 $128StandardDeviation $180 $188 $173 $123 $149 $66 $95

Median $200 $250 $200 $125 $149 $96 $166

N 388 200 82 31 67 9 19

Amount Per Hour Spent by Family

Mean $2.72 $2.83 $3.35 $2.32 $2.49 $1.85 $1.91StandardDeviation $2.96 $2.70 $4.91 $1.84 $1.68 $0.8 $1.22

Median $2.08 $2.31 $2.28 $1.6 $1.85 $2.01 $2.3125th

Percentile $1.39 $1.52 $1.54 $1.32 $1.42 $1.29 $0.6375th

Percentile $3.39 $3.46 $3.46 $3.27 $2.93 $2.35 $2.6

N 388 200 82 31 67 9 19

Families in Paid Care - include all families (and all children in the family) that provided a paid child care response.

Outlooks for Hours in Paid Care, Total Amount Spent on Child Care, and Amount Per Hour Spent by Family include

only those families that provided BOTH hours in paid care, and family child care cost information.

22


Table 4. Summary of Factors Related to the Affordability of Child Care: 1998

Household IncomeUnder $25,000 $25,000 - 44,999 $45,000 & above All Incomes

Percent of All children in each income category 25.6% 30.4% 44.0% 100.0%Percent of All families in each income category 26.0% 30.4% 43.6% 100.0%Within each income category, percent of families 42.5% 39.6% 47.4% 43.8% using paid careMean Percentage of household income families 22.5% 8.7% 4.1% 10.2% spend on child care

Median 14.4% 8.7% 4.0% 6.0%

The Affordability Benchmark: Percentage of familiesfor whom child care is:

Affordable 34.6% 58.0% 97.8% 70.3%Unaffordable 65.4% 42.0% 2.2% 29.8%

*Affordability" = on average, families spend less than a tenth of their household income on child care

Mean dollars per month families spend on child care $202 $259 $238 $234Median $185 $250 $200 $200

Mean hours of care per week families purchase 28 29 24 26Median 25 29 20 24

Mean dollars per hour families pay for child care $2.73 $2.37 $2.69 $2.62of any kind

Standard deviation $4.44 $1.84 $1.96 $2.82Median $1.73 $1.92 $2.31 $2.05

Percent of families using paid care by typeCenter care 16.4% 25.0% 23.2% 22.0%

In-home care 8.2% 7.3% 12.1% 9.7%Home of a relative 5.7% 1.5% 2.1% 3.0%

Family child care 10.4% 4.9% 6.8% 7.3%Group activities 0.4% 0.6% 2.3% 1.3%

Other 1.8% 1.8% 3.0% 2.3%

NOTE: Calculations are based on all families who provided child care responses. Therefore, the number is slightlydifferent from that reported in Table 3 in which calculations are based only on families who report BOTH hours in paidcare and family child care cost information.

23


Ages Ages Ages Ages AgesNum ber 0 - 4 5 - 9 10 - 12 0 - 9 0 - 12

All H ouseholds 1138 1.27 1.30 1.17 1.54 1.73

Fam ilies N ot U sing Paid C are 645 1.34 1.28 1.17 1.57 1.71

Fam ilies U s ing Any Paid C are 493 1.20 1.33 1.17 1.51 1.75

Num ber of Fam ilies U s ingC enters 248 1.11 1.34 1.15 1.44 1.70

In-H ome C are 112 1.44 1.24 1.23 1.75 2.05

R elative's H om e 35 1.03 1.31 1.28 1.48 1.61

Fam ily ch ild care 80 1.09 1.27 1.14 1.42 1.57

G roup Activ ities 14 1.18 1.42 1.00 1.66 1.84

O ther 26 1.13 139.00 1.00 1.66 2.02

Tota l N um ber of Fam ilies 1138 501 636 427 948 1138N um ber of Fam ilies U sing Paid C are 493 252 305 131 468 493% of Fam ilies U sing Paid C are 43.3% 50.3% 48.0% 30.7% 49.4% 43.3%

Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages0 - 4 5 - 9 10 - 12 0 - 9 0 - 12

C enters , Num ber of F am ilies U sing 131 149 67 239 248C enters , N um ber of C hildren 145 200 77 345 421

In-H om e, Num ber of Fam ilies U sing 74 64 36 106 112In -H om e, N um ber of C hildren 106 79 44 186 230

R ela tive 's H om e, Num ber of Families U sing 19 22 6 33 35R elative 's H om e, N um ber of C hildren 20 29 8 49 57

Fam ily child care, Num ber of Fam ilies U sing 33 55 18 74 80F am ily ch ild care, N um ber of C hildren 35 70 20 105 125

G roup Activ ity, Num ber of Fam ilies U s ing 4 12 4 13 14G roup Activ ity, N um ber of C hildren 5 16 4 21 25

O ther Paid Care, Num ber of Fam ilies U s ing 8 24 10 26 26O ther Paid Care, N um ber of C hildren 53 9 34 10 43

Any Paid C are, H ouseholds 252 305 131 468 493Any Paid C are, N um ber of C hildren 303 405 153 708 862

A ll H ouseholds 501 636 427 948 1138A ll Children 636 827 501 1463 1964

N o Paid C are, H ouseholds 249 331 296 480 645N o Paid C are, N um ber of C hildren 333 422 348 755 1102

Num ber of Children Under 13 Per Fam il y,W ith in A g es and T yp es of care

Sam p le S izes

Table 5. Number of Children Under 13, by Age of Children and Types of Child Care: 1998

24


Table 6. Profile of Child-Care Demand by Family Type: 1998

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5

Sample of N 327 418 131 133 129 1138Households % 28.8% 36.7% 11.5% 11.7% 11.3% 100.0%

95% confidence lim its U pper 32.7% 41.0% 14.2% 14.4% 14.0%Low er 24.9% 32.4% 8.8% 9.0% 8.6%

Hosehold IncomeU nder $25,000 18.7% 8.6% 59.9% 35.4% 57.1% 26.0%

$25,000 - 44,999 35.8% 27.3% 33.8% 33.5% 20.3% 30.4%$45,000 and above 45.5% 64.1% 6.4% 31.1% 22.6% 43.6%

% Using Paid Care 25.8% 50.0% 75.1% 56.8% 23.3% 43.3%95% confidence lim its U pper 33.4% 57.3% 82.3% 69.3% 33.7%

Low er 18.2% 42.7% 60.7% 44.3% 12.9%

Hours of Paid CarePer Fam ily Per W eek

M ean 23 27 31 26 16 27S tandard D eviat ion 20 18 19 18 17 19

M edian 14 24 30 20 12 24

Hours of Paid CarePer Child Per W eek

M ean 14 18 23 24 14 19S tandard D eviat ion 13 15 16 15 13 15

M edian 8 15 15 21 10 15

Family Size (average #of children under age 13)

All F am ilies 1.87 1.73 1.45 1.45 1.9 1.73Fam ilies Using Pa id C are 1.94 1.88 1.46 1.52 1.76 1.75

Fam ilies No t U sing Pa id C are 1.85 1.57 1.43 1.36 1.95 1.71

# of Children in Paid Care*A vg. # in Pa id C are 0.50 0.94 1.05 0.86 0.41 0.76

**Avg. # in U npaid C are na na na na na na*Ave # not using Pa id C are 1.38 0.79 0.40 0.59 1.49 0.97

*Based on #children by fam ily type

Stage of Family Development% H ave Children Ages 0-4 49% 42% 53% 41% 40% 44%% H ave Children Ages 5-9 62% 53% 53% 46% 63% 56%R atio , Have 5-9: H ave 0-4 1.28 1.25 1.00 1.11 1.59 1.27

Ratio = num ber of fam ilies tha t have ch ildren ages 5-9 d iv ided by the num ber w ith ch ild ren ages 0-4. (R atio is g rea ter than 1.00 w hen m ore fam ilies have o lder children than have younger ch ildren.)

A vg. Age of Youngest Ch ild <13 4.7 5.8 6.6 5.1 5.7 5.5Avg. A ge Younges t in Paid C are 4.4 4.5 5.8 4.4 4.2 4.7

**Avg . Age Youngest in U npaid C are na na na na na naAvg. A ge Y oungest N ot U sing Paid C are 4.7 7.2 8.5 6.0 6.2 6.1

**U npaid ca re was identified by less than 1% or a ll fam ilies in the 1998 O PS

No Parent Em plo y ed

All Households

Couple, One Parent Em plo yed

Couple, Both Parents

Em plo y ed

Em ployed S ingle Parent

Liv in g Solo

Em ployed S ing le Parent,

Shared Housin g

NOTE: The family classification is based on marital status, shared housing, and employment status of parents of childrenunder age 13.

25


26

THE FINDINGS OF TABLE 6:Profile of Child-Care Demand by Family Type

Table 6 presents a profile of Oregon families who have children under age 13, in which parentsare classified on the basis of their employment status, marital status, and whether single parentsare living solo or share housing with other adults. These are major factors determining thepurchase of child care. Notice that the classification makes no reference to gender; it simplyfocuses on who in the family is available for parental care alternatives to paid care.

Findings

� More than 76% percent of the families have two parents, with 85% of these couples havingat least one employed parent. In almost half of the families headed by a couple both parentsare employed.

� Families with no employed parent make up 11.3% of all households with children under age13 years.

� Single parent-headed households make up 23.2% of all households with children under age13. Most of the solo single parents are mothers. Most single fathers live in more complexhouseholds in which there are other adults.

� About half of the single parents live in households without another adult.

� Use of paid care is highest among families of employed single parents living solo (75.1%),followed by single parents living in shared households, 56.8% of whom use paid care. Useof paid care is lowest (25.8%) for couples when only one parent is employed and for thosehouseholds in which no parent is employed (23.3%). Education, training, and volunteeractivity are among the reasons, other than employment, for purchasing child care.

� Solo single parents are strikingly different:• They are mostly low income (59.9% have household incomes under $25,000).• They are the most likely to use paid care (75.1%).• They purchase 35% more hours of paid care than couples with one employed parent on

the average (31 hours per week, versus 23).


27

Afterword... Moving Beyond Data

Child care needs are far more complex than a focus on the number of children of child care age orthe number of paid child care slots that are available in a community. Child care needs include acomplex mix of issues that families, employers and communities face every day. Needs include:

• The need for the availability of a full range of care alternatives to choose among in themarketplace as families try to supplement their own resources for child care.

• The need for a full range of choices for families with a child with a disability. Researchindicates that families of children with disability have fewer choices and rate the quality oftheir care lower.

• The need for accessibility of care that is geographically close, convenient andaccommodating of work schedules and family life. Some parents can access supplementalcare on their own, but there is a need for community-based information for making childcare more available and accessible.

• The need for family and workplace flexibility to sustain patterns of care in the face of eventsand consequences of everyday life.

• The need for affordability of child care services in relation to family income.

• The need to achieve a favorable standard of quality in the care arrangements that areavailable (supply) and in the care arrangements that are made (demand).


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APPENDIX A

Benchmark Estimate:Number of Family Child Care Providers

Many Oregon children are cared for in the caregiver’s home. Family child care is the term usedto describe the paid care of unrelated children in the home of the caregiver. Estimating thenumber of family child care providers presents a number of challenges. Although they are smallhome-based businesses, caregivers commonly do not see themselves as business people. Manypeople become family child care providers at the request of friends and neighbors. ManyOregonians are unaware that any regulations apply to this activity. Given high interest in anestimate of how many Oregon households provide paid child care and no easy way to measure itwe use three different estimation methods.

The first is possible because of an enhancement to the 1998 Oregon Population Survey. Thesecond two are strategies that have been in place since 1990. We then compare estimates foundfrom all three methods. The first estimate comes from the supply side, what the people whoprovide paid child care report. In the 1998 Oregon Population Survey respondents were asked toreport if an adult in the household gets paid for providing care in the home. The OregonPopulation Survey findings indicate that in slightly over 1 in every 100 Oregon households(16,083—1.29%) an adult provides paid child care to unrelated children. In an additional 2,517(0.2%) households adults provide paid care in their home but only to related children. Since ourdefinition of family child care excludes those that care only for related children, we are notincluding these relative caregivers in our analysis.

AllNo. % No. %

Number of households reporting providing family child care 12582 (79%) 3502 (21%) 16,083 (100%)Number of children in family child care (%) 47559 (87%) 6965 (13%) 54,524 (100%)Average number of children in care 3.40Average group size on typical day 2.99Average maximum number at one time 4.53

*Households reporting paid care of only relative children are not included in analysis. Those caring for only relative children represent 14% of households reporting paid care ofchildren (2,517 of 18,600 households reporting providing paid care).

Number of Households Reporting Providing Family Child Care

4.90

1.991.373.10

On regular basis Not on regular basis

3.773.40

The majority of family child care providers reported providing care on a regular basis (for morethan three consecutive months) for small numbers of children. We found that 12,582 (79%)


29

households provide family child care on a regular basis. Fifty-five percent of those providers reportcaring for three or fewer children. Although they represent 55% of providers they care for only27% of the children in family child care on a regular basis. The other 73% of the children are incare in homes that care for more than three unrelated children. The average family child careprovider cares for 3.40 unrelated children on a typical day. Based on comparisons with otherstudies we believe that the Population Survey estimate of 3.40 children per family child carehousehold is reasonable. We estimate that in 16,083 households family child care providers carefor 54,524 Oregon children. The provider’s own children are not included in this number.

Number offamily child

carehouseholds

Percentageof familychild carehouseholds

Number ofOregonchildren infamily childcare

Percentageof Oregonchildren infamily childcare

Number ofhouseholdsprovidingcare

Percentageof familychild carehouseholds

Number ofOregonchildren incare

Percentageof Oregonchildren infamilychild care

1 2744 21.8% 2744 5.8% 1685 52.0% 1685 26.2%2 2520 20.0 5040 10.6 689 21.3 1378 21.43 1637 13.0 4911 10.3 226 7 678 10.54 1583 12.6 6332 13.3 494 15.3 1976 30.75 1071 8.5 5655 11.9 145 4.5 725 11.36 1774 14.1 10644 22.47 0 0.0 0 0.08 449 3.6 3592 7.69 0 0.0 0 0.0

10 287 2.3 2870 6.011 95 0.8 1045 2.212 340 2.7 4080 8.613 69 0.5 897 1.9

Totals* 12569 100% 47510 100% 3239 100% 6442 100%

*Totals do not match total of all Oregon Households providing paid care or number of Oregon children in thesecare arrangements because 275 responding households did not report either the number of children incare or if care was provided on a regular basis.NOTE: Totals may not add to exactly 100% due to rounding errors.

Not on a Regular Basis

Number of Care Providers by Number of Unrelated Children in Care

On a Regular Basis

Number ofchildren

unrelated tocaregiver

The second estimate of the number of family child care providers is from the demand side; thereports of parents who use paid child care. Based on the 1998 Oregon Population Surveyrespondents’ report of use of paid family child care we estimate that there are 26,450 children infamily child care. Dividing 26,450 children in family child care by 3.40 per caregiver, we arrive atan estimate of 7,780 providers. We believe that the 1998 Survey findings under-represent thenumber of children cared for in family child care and this finding further reinforces thathypothesis.

Estimates of the use of family child care as a form of paid care decreased substantively in the 1998survey—from 25% of paid care in both 1994 and 1996 to 14% of paid care in 1998. The trend fromfamily child care into center care may have accelerated. Another possibility is that family childcare providers have become more professional and care for larger groups of children. Providers


30

and parents are calling it “center” care even though it takes place in a family home. The linebetween family child care and center care has become blurred.

It is unlikely that the shift from family child care to center care is as dramatic as the findingswould indicate. A drop from 25% to 20% would appear more likely. In that case there would be41,210 children in paid family child. The 41,210 is much closer to 54,524, the number estimatedto be in family child care based on household reports of adults providing care. If we again use3.40 per caregiver, we arrive at an estimate of 12,120 which is very close to the estimated 12,582providers who reported in the Oregon Population Survey providing family child care on a regularbasis.

A third estimate comes from the community organizations that work to find child care at the locallevel, the Oregon Child Care Resource and Referral (CCR&R) agencies. The CCR&Rs report9,521 family child care providers known to their organizations as of June 30, 1998. Accountingfor some of the difference between the CCR&R estimates and the previously described estimatesis the nature of much family child care. The family child care provider who cares for only one ortwo unrelated children or providers who do not give care on a regular basis provide a kind of carebadly needed by families but they may not be visible to their CCR&R.

So how many family child care providers are there in Oregon? Our estimates range from 9,521identified by the CCR&Rs to 16,083 households who reported providing paid care in the OregonPopulation Survey. Given the high number of households who reported giving care to smallnumbers or not giving care on a regular basis this large range seems reasonable. We estimate thatover 16,000 households provide paid care to unrelated children. Approximately three-fourths or12,000 do so on a regular basis. In 9,500 households which constitutes over half of the 16,000care-giving households, care is given for three or fewer unrelated children.


31

APPENDIX B

County Profiles:Characteristics of Children and Families and Estimates of Child CareDemand and Supply

The following profiles were prepared by Information Architecture for the Oregon Child CareResource and Referral Network, in cooperation with the Oregon Employment Department.

Each profile contains state, regional and county population estimates, findings of the OregonPopulation Survey (OPS), and data on the number and capacity of child care providers. Regionalinformation is based on the child care resource and referral service delivery area (CCR&R).County estimates of child care demand are based on regional (OPS) findings except for the fivecounties in which the sample size was large enough to produce county estimates (Clackamas,Jackson, Marion, Multnomah and Washington). Information was collected during May and July1998.

Population estimates were provided by the Center for Population Research and Census at PortlandState University. Survey data were provided by Clearwater Research Inc. for the OregonProgress Board. The survey is conducted on a biennial basis at the direction of the OregonProgress Board. Provider data were provided by the Oregon Child Care Resource and ReferralNetwork working with the Child Care Division. Both population and supply information are atthe county level.

Special Notes:

1. In most cases, OPS regions correspond to CCR&R regions, and thus make it possible to use OPS findings to describe the family characteristics and child care usage in CCR&R regions.However, there is no such one-to-one relationship in CCR&R Regions 3,15 and 16. Therefore, regional statistics are omitted from the profiles of the counties that are located in these regions. The counties include Baker, Grant, Harney, Malheur, Marion, Polk, Union, Wallowa, and Yamhill.

2. Each county profile includes the number and capacity of child care providers as of June 1998. The provider data are reported by the Oregon Child Care Resource and Referral Network from information collected by child care resource and referral agencies and correlated with Child Care Division licensing data. Three counties were not served by CCR&R agencies in 1998. Therefore, no regional or county provider data are reported for Gilliam, Sherman, and Wheeler counties.


Child Care Demand and Supply EstimatesBased on 1988 Population Estimates and the 1998 Oregon Population Survey

Oregon SDA 1 Clatsop Columbia TillamookAge GroupingsUnder Age 5 216,270 37% 6,383 34% 2,186 36% 2,890 33% 1,307 35%Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 7,257 39% 2,365 39% 3,420 39% 1,472 39%Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 4,919 27% 1,497 25% 2,430 28% 992 26%Total under age 13 580,678 100% 18,559 100% 6,048 100% 8,740 100% 3,771 100%

Household Income GroupingsUnder $25,000 150,704 26% 6,363 34% 2,074 34% 2,997 34% 1,293 34%$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 6,125 33% 1,996 33% 2,884 33% 1,245 33%$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 6,071 33% 1,978 33% 2,859 33% 1,234 33%Total 18,559 6,048 8,740 3,771

Patterns of Family Structure (% ofFamilies)Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 5,715 31% 1,862 31% 2,691 31% 1,161 31%Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 5,989 32% 1,952 32% 2,820 32% 1,217 32%Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 1,859 10% 606 10% 875 10% 378 10%Employed single adult - sharedhousing

67,731 12% 2,387 13% 778 13% 1,124 13% 485 13%

No employed adult 65,744 11% 2,610 14% 851 14% 1,229 14% 530 14%Total 580,678 18,559 6,048 8,740 3,771

Average Weekly Hours in Paid ChildCareHours per family 26.5 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9

Estimated Demand for Paid Child CareNumber of children 208,772 6,619 2,157 3,117 1,345Percentage 36% 36% 36% 36% 36%

Demand by Type of Care ArrangementCenter 94,439 48% 2,833 44% 923 44% 1,334 44% 576 44%In home 55,350 28% 1,758 27% 573 27% 828 27% 357 27%Relative's home 15,322 8% 279 4% 91 4% 131 4% 57 4%Family child care 26,540 13% 1,337 21% 436 21% 630 21% 272 21%Group activity 6,934 3% 268 4% 87 4% 126 4% 54 4%

Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource andReferral AgenciesChild care centers 1,268 12% 44 11% 20 18% 18 8% 6 8%Group and family child care providers 9,521 88% 374 89% 89 82% 218 92% 67 92%Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%Total child care sites 10,789 100% 418 100% 109 100% 236 100% 73 100%

Capacity of Child Care Providers enrolled with Resourceand Referral AgenciesChild care centers 65,163 51% 1,554 41% 744 56% 600 36% 210 26%Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 2,238 59% 582 44% 1,048 64% 608 74%Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%Total child care slots 127,479 100% 3,792 100% 1,326 100% 1,648 100% 818 100%

Child Care Supply BenchmarkChild care slots per 100 children 22 20 22 19 22

32



Age Groupings

Under Age 5 216,270 37% 93,366 39% 20,911 36% 42,494 40% 29,961 39%

Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 92,268 38% 22,316 39% 40,715 38% 29,237 38%

Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 55,346 23% 14,571 25% 23,746 22% 17,029 23%

Total under age 13 580,678 100% 240,980 100% 57,798 100% 106,955 100% 76,227 100%

Household Income Groupings

Under $25,000 150,704 26% 39,430 16% 9,459 16% 25,269 24% 4,702 6%

$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 63,754 26% 19,489 34% 24,758 23% 19,506 26%

$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 137,796 57% 28,849 50% 56,928 53% 52,019 68%

Total 240,980 57,798 106,955 76,227

Patterns of Family Structure (% of Families)

Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 71,962 30% 17,445 30% 29,716 28% 24,800 33%

Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 93,502 39% 22,918 40% 41,650 39% 28,935 38%

Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 22,805 9% 5,954 10% 9,377 9% 7,475 10%

Employed single adult - shared housing 67,731 12% 29,666 12% 6,970 12% 11,256 11% 11,439 15%

No employed adult 65,744 11% 23,045 10% 4,511 8% 14,956 14% 3,578 5%

Total 580,678 240,980 57,798 106,955 76,227

Average Weekly Hours in Paid Child Care

Hours per family 26.5 27.8 25.4 27.2 29.8

Estimated Demand for Paid Child Care

Number of children 208,772 91,748 17,839 40,665 32,801

Percentage 36% 38% 31% 38% 43%

Demand by Type of Care Arrangement

Center 94,439 48% 37,557 44% 7,363 41% 14,102 36% 16,093 59%

In home 55,350 28% 22,380 26% 4,271 24% 16,763 43% 1,346 5%

Relative's home 15,322 8% 8,701 10% 1,651 9% 5,910 15% 1,140 4%

Family child care 26,540 13% 11,078 13% 3,302 19% 2,359 6% 5,418 20%

Group activity 6,934 3% 4,744 6% 1,253 7% 70 0% 3,421 12%

Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral Agencies

Child care centers 1,268 12% 541 16% 110 14% 270 17% 161 15%

Group and family child care providers 9,521 88% 2,935 84% 672 86% 1,343 83% 920 85%

Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Total child care sites 10,789 100% 3,476 100% 782 100% 1,613 100% 1,081 100%

Capacity of Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral Agencies

Child care centers 65,163 51% 33,961 63% 5,912 56% 17,045 65% 11,004 65%

Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 19,897 37% 4,738 44% 9,243 35% 5,916 35%


Total child care slots 127,479 100% 53,858 100% 10,650 100% 26,288 100% 16,920 100%

Child Care Supply Benchmark

Child care slots per 100 children 22 22 18 25 22

Washin gtonOregon SDA 2 Clackamas Multnomah

33



Age Groupings

Under Age 5 216,270 37% 19,633 38% 3,852 36% 5,660 35%

Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 20,017 39% 4,250 39% 6,555 40%

Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 11,995 23% 2,746 25% 3,990 25%

Total under age 13 580,678 100% 51,645 100% 10,848 100% 16,205 100%


Under $25,000 150,704 26% 13,863 27% 3,062 28% 2,734 17%

$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 18,934 37% 3,923 36% 4,158 26%

$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 18,848 36% 3,863 36% 9,313 57%

Total 51,645 10,848 16,205


Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 19,929 39% 2,996 28% 4,906 30%

Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 9,539 18% 3,655 34% 6,258 39%

Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 9,309 18% 1,908 18% 1,564 10%

Employed single adult - shared housin 67,731 12% 2,686 5% 942 9% 2,002 12%

No employed adult 65,744 11% 10,183 20% 1,346 12% 1,475 9%

Total 580,678 51,645 10,848 16,205


Hours per family 26.5 22.2 24.8 26.3


Number of children 208,772 18,563 4,095 6,019

Percentage 36% 36% 38% 37%


Center 94,439 48% 10,441 56% 2,260 57% 2,541 46%

In home 55,350 28% 5,131 28% 1,279 32% 1,376 25%

Relative's home 15,322 8% 854 5% 174 4% 537 10%

Family child care 26,540 13% 2,137 12% 208 5% 778 14%

Group activity 6,934 3% 0 0% 57 1% 323 6%


Child care centers 1,268 12% 137 8% 94 8% 18 8% 25 8%

Group and family child care providers 9,521 88% 1,544 92% 1,030 92% 214 92% 300 92%


Total child care sites 10,789 100% 1,681 100% 1,124 100% 232 100% 325 100%


Child care centers 65,163 51% 6,887 39% 4,890 41% 980 41% 1,017 34%

Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 10,554 61% 7,137 59% 1,405 59% 2,012 66%


Total child care slots 127,479 100% 17,441 100% 12,027 100% 2,385 100% 3,029 100%


Child care slots per 100 children 22 22 23 22 19

YamhillOregon SDA 3 Marion Polk

34



Age Groupings

U nder A ge 5 216,270 37% 2,46 3 34% 2,46 3 34%

A ges 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 3,01 7 41% 3,01 7 41%

A ges 10 th ru 12 138,653 24% 1,83 1 25% 1,83 1 25%

T ota l unde r age 13 580,678 100% 7,31 1 100% 7,31 1 100%

Househo ld Incom e Groupings

U nder $25,000 150,704 26% 2,50 7 34% 2,50 7 34%

$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 2,41 3 33% 2,41 3 33%

$45,000 and o ve r 253,248 44% 2,39 2 33% 2,39 2 33%

Tota l 7 ,31 1 7,31 1

Patterns of Fam ily S tructure (% of Fam ilies )

C oup le - one em ployed adult 166,995 29% 2,25 1 31% 2,25 1 31%

C oup le - bo th adults em ployed 213,349 37% 2,35 9 32% 2,35 9 32%

E m p loyed so lo adult 66 ,859 12% 73 2 10% 73 2 10%

E m ployed s ing le adu lt - sha red hous ing 67 ,731 12% 94 0 13% 94 0 13%

N o em ployed adult 65 ,744 11% 1,02 8 14% 1,02 8 14%

Tota l 580,678 7,31 1 7,31 1

Average W eekly Hours in Paid Child Care

H ours pe r fam ily 26.5 19.9 19.9

Estim ated Dem and for Paid Child Care

N um ber o f c hildre n 208,772 2,60 7 2,60 7

P ercentage 36% 36% 36%

Dem and by Type of Care Arrangem ent

C en te r 94 ,439 48% 1,11 6 44% 1,11 6 44%

In hom e 55 ,350 28% 69 2 27% 69 2 27%

R e lative 's hom e 15 ,322 8% 11 0 4% 11 0 4%

F am ily ch ild care 26 ,540 13% 52 7 21% 52 7 21%

G roup ac tiv ity 6,93 4 3% 10 5 4% 10 5 4%

Ch ild Care Providers enrolled w ith Resource and R eferra l Agencies

C hild ca re centers 1,26 8 12% 10 9% 10 9%

G roup and fam ily ch ild c a re prov iders 9,52 1 88% 10 7 91% 10 7 91%

O ther ch ild care ac tiv ities 0% 0% 0%

T ota l ch ild care s ites 10 ,789 100% 11 7 100% 11 7 100%

Capacity o f Child Care Providers enrolled w ith Resource and Referral Agenc ies

C hild ca re centers 65 ,163 51% 26 8 34% 26 8 34%

G roup and fam ily ch ild c a re prov iders 62 ,316 49% 51 6 66% 51 6 66%

O ther ch ild care ac tiv ities 0% 0% 0%

T ota l ch ild care s lots 127,479 100% 78 4 100% 78 4 100%

Child Care Supply Benchm ark

C h ild ca re s lo ts per 100 c hildren 22 11 11

Ore g on SDA 4 Lincoln

35



Oregon SDA 5 Benton LinnAge GroupingsUnder Age 5 216,270 37% 11,396 37% 4,356 37% 7,040 38%Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 11,830 39% 4,626 39% 7,204 38%Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 7,323 24% 2,843 24% 4,480 24%Total under age 13 580,678 100% 30,549 100% 11,825 100% 18,724 100%

Household Income GroupingsUnder $25,000 150,704 26% 7,654 28% 3,338 28% 5,285 28%$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 9,806 36% 4,276 36% 6,771 36%$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 9,655 36% 4,211 36% 6,667 36%Total 27,116 11,825 18,724

Patterns of Family Structure (% of Families)Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 7,490 28% 3,266 28% 5,172 28%Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 9,136 34% 3,984 34% 6,309 34%Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 4,770 18% 2,080 18% 3,294 18%Employed single adult - shared housing 67,731 12% 2,356 9% 1,027 9% 1,627 9%No employed adult 65,744 11% 3,364 12% 1,467 12% 2,323 12%Total 580,678 27,116 11,825 18,724

Average Weekly Hours in Paid Child CareHours per family 26.5 24.8 24.8 24.8

Estimated Demand for Paid Child CareNumber of children 208,772 10,236 4,464 7,068Percentage 36% 38% 38% 38%

Demand by Type of Care ArrangementCenter 94,439 48% 5,649 57% 2,463 57% 3,901 57%In home 55,350 28% 3,198 32% 1,394 32% 2,208 32%Relative's home 15,322 8% 435 4% 190 4% 301 4%Family child care 26,540 13% 521 5% 227 5% 360 5%Group activity 6,934 3% 143 1% 62 1% 99 1%

Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral AgenciesChild care centers 1,268 12% 86 16% 47 23% 39 12%Group and family child care providers 9,521 88% 443 84% 159 77% 284 88%Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0%Total child care sites 10,789 100% 529 100% 206 100% 323 100%

Capacity of Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral AgenciesChild care centers 65,163 51% 3,677 60% 2,034 70% 1,643 51%Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 2,482 40% 877 30% 1,605 49%Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0%Total child care slots 127,479 100% 6,159 100% 2,911 100% 3,248 100%

Child Care Supply BenchmarkChild care slots per 100 children 22 23 25 17

36



Age GroupingsUnder Age 5 216,270 37% 18,944 36% 18,944 36%

Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 20,334 39% 20,334 39%

Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 12,714 24% 12,714 24%

Total under age 13 580,678 100% 51,992 100% 51,992 100%

Household Income GroupingsUnder $25,000 150,704 26% 14,676 28% 14,676 28%

$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 18,803 36% 18,803 36%

$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 18,513 36% 18,513 36%

Total 51,992 51,992


Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 14,361 28% 14,361 28%

Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 17,518 34% 17,518 34%

Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 9,147 18% 9,147 18%

Employed single adult - shared housing 67,731 12% 4,517 9% 4,517 9%

No employed adult 65,744 11% 6,450 12% 6,450 12%

Total 580,678 51,992 51,992


Hours per family 26.5 24.8 24.8


Number of children 208,772 19,626 19,626

Percentage 36% 38% 38%


Center 94,439 48% 10,831 57% 10,831 57%

In home 55,350 28% 6,131 32% 6,131 32%

Relative's home 15,322 8% 835 4% 835 4%

Family child care 26,540 13% 999 5% 999 5%

Group activity 6,934 3% 274 1% 274 1%


Child care centers 1,268 12% 154 11% 154 11%

Group and family child care providers 9,521 88% 1,279 89% 1,279 89%

Other child care activities 0% 0% 0%

Total child care sites 10,789 100% 1,433 100% 1,433 100%


Child care centers 65,163 51% 6,989 43% 6,989 43%

Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 9,279 57% 9,279 57%

Other child care activities 0% 0% 0%

Total child care slots 127,479 100% 16,268 100% 16,268 100%


Child care slots per 100 children 22 31 31

Oregon SDA 6 Lane

37



A g e G roupin g s

Under A ge 5 216,270 37% 6,391 37% 6,391 37%

A ges 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 6,654 38% 6,654 38%

A ges 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 4,414 25% 4,414 25%

Total under age 13 580,678 100% 17,459 100% 17,459 100%

Household Incom e Groupin g s

Under $25,000 150,704 26% 7,265 42% 7,265 42%

$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 5,652 32% 5,652 32%

$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 4,542 26% 4,542 26%

Total 17 ,459 17,459

Patterns of Fam ily Structure (% of Fam ilies)

Couple - one em ployed adult 166,995 29% 4,530 26% 4,530 26%

Couple - bo th adults em ployed 213,349 37% 5,752 33% 5,752 33%

E m ployed so lo adult 66 ,859 12% 1,366 8% 1,366 8%

Em ployed single adu lt - shared hous ing 67,731 12% 3,077 18% 3,077 18%

No em ployed adu lt 65 ,744 11% 2,733 16% 2,733 16%

Total 580,678 17,459 17,459

Avera g e W eekly Hours in Paid Child Care

Hours per fam ily 26.5 26.1 26.1

Estim ated Dem and for Paid Child Care

Num ber o f ch ild ren 208,772 4,425 4,425

P ercentage 36% 25% 25%

Demand by Type of Care Arran g ement

Center 94,439 48% 1,823 41% 1,823 41%

In hom e 55,350 28% 1,033 23% 1,033 23%

Relative's hom e 15,322 8% 447 10% 447 10%

Fam ily child care 26,540 13% 1,049 24% 1,049 24%

G roup activ ity 6,934 3% 73 2% 73 2%

Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral A g encies

Child care centers 1,268 12% 31 8% 31 8%

G roup and fam ily child ca re providers 9,521 88% 334 92% 334 92%

Other child care ac tiv ities 0% 0% 0%

Total ch ild care s ites 10,789 100% 365 100% 365 100%

Capacity of Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral A g encies

Child care centers 65,163 51% 1,214 39% 1,214 39%

G roup and fam ily child ca re providers 62,316 49% 1,887 61% 1,887 61%

Other child care ac tiv ities 0% 0% 0%

Total ch ild care s lots 127,479 100% 3,101 100% 3,101 100%


Child care slo ts per 100 children 22 18 18

Oreg on SDA 7 Dou g las

38



Oregon SDA 8 Coos CurryAge GroupingsUnder Age 5 216,270 37% 4,623 35% 3,573 35% 1,050 32%Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 5,316 40% 3,973 39% 1,343 41%Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 3,425 26% 2,542 25% 883 27%Total under age 13 580,678 100% 13,364 100% 10,088 100% 3,276 100%

Household Income GroupingsUnder $25,000 150,704 26% 5,561 42% 4,198 42% 1,363 42%$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 4,326 32% 3,266 32% 1,060 32%$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 3,477 26% 2,625 26% 852 26%Total 13,364 10,088 3,276

Patterns of Family Structure (% of Families)Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 3,468 26% 2,618 26% 850 26%Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 4,403 33% 3,324 33% 1,079 33%Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 1,045 8% 789 8% 256 8%Employed single adult - shared housing 67,731 12% 2,356 18% 1,778 18% 577 18%No employed adult 65,744 11% 2,092 16% 1,579 16% 513 16%Total 580,678 13,364 10,088 3,276


Estimated Demand for Paid Child CareNumber of children 208,772 3,387 2,557 830Percentage 36% 25% 25% 25%

Demand by Type of Care ArrangementCenter 94,439 48% 1,395 41% 1,053 41% 342 41%In home 55,350 28% 790 23% 597 23% 194 23%Relative's home 15,322 8% 342 10% 258 10% 84 10%Family child care 26,540 13% 803 24% 606 24% 197 24%Group activity 6,934 3% 56 2% 42 2% 14 2%


Capacity of Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral AgenciesChild care centers 65,163 51% 997 47% 842 48% 155 45%Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 1,121 53% 929 52% 192 55%Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0%Total child care slots 127,479 100% 2,118 100% 1,771 100% 347 100%


39



Age Groupings

U nder Age 5 216,270 37% 14,802 36% 10,659 35% 4,143 38%

Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 16,753 40% 12,161 40% 4,592 42%

Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 10,040 24% 7,746 25% 2,294 21%

Tota l under age 13 580,678 100% 41,595 100% 30,566 100% 11,029 100%

Household Incom e Groupings

U nder $25,000 150,704 26% 19,251 46% 14,662 48% 4,589 42%

$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 8,582 21% 5,012 16% 3,570 32%

$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 13,761 33% 10,892 36% 2,870 26%

Tota l 41,595 30,566 11,029

Patterns of Fam ily Structure (% of Families)

C ouple - one em ployed adu lt 166,995 29% 6,771 16% 3,909 13% 2,862 26%

C ouple - both adults em ployed 213,349 37% 16,689 40% 13,055 43% 3,634 33%

Em ployed so lo adult 66,859 12% 2,683 6% 1,820 6% 863 8%

Em ployed s ingle adult - shared hous ing 67,731 12% 7,354 18% 5,410 18% 1,944 18%

N o em ployed adu lt 65,744 11% 8,098 19% 6,372 21% 1,727 16%

Tota l 580,678 41,595 30,566 11,029


H ours per fam ily 26.5 26.1 31.3 26.1

Estimated Dem and for Paid Child Care

Num ber of ch ildren 208,772 11,757 8,962 2,795

Percentage 36% 28% 29% 25%


C enter 94,439 48% 4,148 35% 2,997 33% 1,152 41%

In hom e 55,350 28% 2,724 23% 2,072 23% 652 23%

R elativ e's hom e 15,322 8% 283 2% 0 0% 283 10%

Fam ily ch ild care 26,540 13% 4,233 36% 3,570 40% 663 24%

G roup activ ity 6,934 3% 369 3% 323 4% 46 2%


C hild care cen ters 1,268 12% 93 7% 58 7% 35 8%

G roup and fam ily ch ild c are prov iders 9,521 88% 1,200 93% 821 93% 379 92%

O ther ch ild care ac tiv it ies 0% 0% 0% 0%

Tota l ch ild care s ites 10,789 100% 1,293 100% 879 100% 414 100%


C hild care cen ters 65,163 51% 3,814 38% 2,608 36% 1,206 41%

G roup and fam ily ch ild c are prov iders 62,316 49% 6,274 62% 4,540 64% 1,734 59%

O ther ch ild care ac tiv it ies 0% 0% 0% 0%

Tota l ch ild care s lo ts 127,479 100% 10,088 100% 7,148 100% 2,940 100%

Ch ild Care Supply Benchm ark

C hild care s lo ts per 100 ch ildren 22 24 23 27

Oreg on SDA 9 Jackson Jose p hine

40



Oregon SDA 10 Hood River WascoAge GroupingsUnder Age 5 216,270 37% 3,040 37% 1,533 38% 1,507 36%Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 3,112 38% 1,526 38% 1,586 38%Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 1,992 24% 940 24% 1,052 25%Total under age 13 580,678 100% 8,144 100% 3,999 100% 4,145 100%

Household Income GroupingsUnder $25,000 150,704 26% 3,021 37% 1,483 37% 1,537 37%$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 2,475 30% 1,215 30% 1,259 30%$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 2,649 33% 1,301 33% 1,348 33%Total 8,144 3,999 4,145

Patterns of Family Structure (% of Families)Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 2,532 31% 1,243 31% 1,289 31%Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 3,252 40% 1,597 40% 1,655 40%Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 819 10% 402 10% 417 10%Employed single adult - shared housing 67,731 12% 796 10% 391 10% 405 10%No employed adult 65,744 11% 745 9% 366 9% 379 9%Total 580,678 8,144 3,999 4,145


Estimated Demand for Paid Child CareNumber of children 208,772 3,117 1,530 1,586Percentage 36% 38% 38% 38%

Demand by Type of Care ArrangementCenter 94,439 48% 1,434 50% 704 50% 730 50%In home 55,350 28% 667 23% 328 23% 340 23%Relative's home 15,322 8% 179 6% 88 6% 91 6%Family child care 26,540 13% 579 20% 284 20% 295 20%Group activity 6,934 3% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%


Capacity of Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral AgenciesChild care centers 65,163 51% 895 56% 667 62% 228 44%Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 692 44% 404 38% 288 56%Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0%Total child care slots 127,479 100% 1,587 100% 1,071 100% 516 100%


41



Oregon SDA 11 Gilliam Sherman WheelerAge GroupingsUnder Age 5 216,270 37% 304 30% 101 26% 122 31% 81 32%Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 436 42% 175 46% 162 41% 99 40%Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 287 28% 107 28% 110 28% 70 28%Total under age 13 580,678 100% 1,027 100% 383 100% 394 100% 250 100%

Household Income GroupingsUnder $25,000 150,704 26% 381 37% 142 37% 146 37% 93 37%$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 312 30% 116 30% 120 30% 76 30%$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 334 33% 125 33% 128 33% 81 33%Total 1,027 383 394 250

Patterns of Family Structure (% of Families)Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 319 31% 119 31% 122 31% 78 31%Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 410 40% 153 40% 157 40% 100 40%Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 103 10% 38 10% 40 10% 25 10%Employed single adult - shared housing 67,731 12% 100 10% 37 10% 39 10% 24 10%No employed adult 65,744 11% 94 9% 35 9% 36 9% 23 9%Total 580,678 1,027 383 394 250

Average Weekly Hours in Paid Child CareHours per family 26.5 28.7 28.7 28.7 28.7

Estimated Demand for Paid Child CareNumber of children 208,772 393 147 151 96Percentage 36% 38% 38% 38% 38%

Demand by Type of Care ArrangementCenter 94,439 48% 181 50% 67 50% 69 50% 44 50%In home 55,350 28% 84 23% 31 23% 32 23% 20 23%Relative's home 15,322 8% 23 6% 8 6% 9 6% 5 6%Family child care 26,540 13% 73 20% 27 20% 28 20% 18 20%Group activity 6,934 3% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%

Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral AgenciesChild care centers 1,268 12%Group and family child care providers 9,521 88%Other child care activities 0%Total child care sites 10,789 100%

Capacity of Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral AgenciesChild care centers 65,163 51%Group and family child care providers 62,316 49%Other child care activities 0%Total child care slots 127,479 100%

Child Care Supply BenchmarkChild care slots per 100 children 22

42



Oregon SDA 12 Crook Deschutes JeffersonAge GroupingsUnder Age 5 216,270 37% 9,137 36% 1,165 38% 6,410 35% 1,562 39%Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 10,027 39% 1,174 38% 7,260 40% 1,593 39%Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 6,242 25% 742 24% 4,622 25% 878 22%Total under age 13 580,678 100% 25,406 100% 3,081 100% 18,292 100% 4,033 100%

Household Income GroupingsUnder $25,000 150,704 26% 7,283 29% 883 29% 5,243 29% 1,156 29%$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 7,590 30% 920 30% 5,465 30% 1,205 30%$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 10,534 41% 1,277 41% 7,584 41% 1,672 41%Total 25,406 3,081 18,292 4,033

Patterns of Family Structure (% of Families)Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 6,755 27% 819 27% 4,864 27% 1,072 27%Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 10,936 43% 1,326 43% 7,874 43% 1,736 43%Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 2,477 10% 300 10% 1,783 10% 393 10%Employed single adult - shared housing 67,731 12% 1,859 7% 225 7% 1,338 7% 295 7%No employed adult 65,744 11% 3,379 13% 410 13% 2,433 13% 536 13%Total 580,678 25,406 3,081 18,292 4,033

Average Weekly Hours in Paid Child CareHours per family 26.5 26.2 26.2 26.2 26.2

Estimated Demand for Paid Child CareNumber of children 208,772 10,167 1,233 7,320 1,614Percentage 36% 40% 40% 40% 40%

Demand by Type of Care ArrangementCenter 94,439 48% 3,466 35% 528 44% 3,133 44% 691 44%In home 55,350 28% 3,517 36% 327 27% 1,944 27% 429 27%Relative's home 15,322 8% 913 9% 52 4% 308 4% 68 4%Family child care 26,540 13% 1,482 15% 249 21% 1,479 21% 326 21%Group activity 6,934 3% 401 4% 50 4% 296 4% 65 4%

Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral AgenciesChild care centers 1,268 12% 41 11% 3 7% 36 14% 2 3%Group and family child care providers 9,521 88% 337 89% 41 93% 230 86% 66 97%Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%Total child care sites 10,789 100% 378 100% 44 100% 266 100% 68 100%

Capacity of Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral AgenciesChild care centers 65,163 51% 1,930 43% 129 32% 1,653 48% 148 22%Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 2,597 57% 275 68% 1,801 52% 521 78%Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%Total child care slots 127,479 100% 4,527 100% 404 100% 3,454 100% 669 100%

Child Care Supply BenchmarkChild care slots per 100 children 22 18 13 19 17

43



Oregon SDA 13 Klamath LakeAge GroupingsUnder Age 5 216,270 37% 4,642 37% 4,154 37% 488 33%Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 4,832 38% 4,249 38% 583 40%Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 3,152 25% 2,750 25% 402 27%Total under age 13 580,678 100% 12,626 100% 11,153 100% 1,473 100%

Household Income GroupingsUnder $25,000 150,704 26% 3,398 27% 3,002 27% 396 27%$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 3,743 30% 3,306 30% 437 30%$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 5,485 43% 4,845 43% 640 43%Total 12,626 11,153 1,473

Patterns of Family Structure (% of Families)Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 2,740 22% 2,421 22% 320 22%Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 5,697 45% 5,032 45% 665 45%Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 1,196 9% 1,057 9% 140 9%Employed single adult - sharedhousing

67,731 12% 1,376 11% 1,216 11% 161 11%

No employed adult 65,744 11% 1,616 13% 1,428 13% 189 13%Total 580,678 12,626 11,153 1,473


Estimated Demand for Paid Child CareNumber of children 208,772 4,374 3,864 510Percentage 36% 35% 35% 35%

Demand by Type of CareArrangementCenter 94,439 48% 1,655 38% 1,462 38% 193 38%In home 55,350 28% 1,556 36% 1,374 36% 181 36%Relative's home 15,322 8% 372 9% 329 9% 43 9%Family child care 26,540 13% 715 17% 632 17% 83 17%Group activity 6,934 3% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%


Capacity of Child Care Providers enrolled with Resource and Referral AgenciesChild care centers 65,163 51% 1,218 40% 1,126 40% 92 41%Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 1,838 60% 1,708 60% 130 59%Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0%Total child care slots 127,479 100% 3,056 100% 2,834 100% 222 100%


44



Age Groupings

U nder Age 5 216,270 37% 5,465 36% 720 33% 4,745 36%

Ages 5 th ru 9 225,755 39% 3,685 24% 894 41% 5,147 40%

Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 6,041 40% 555 26% 3,130 24%

Tota l under age 13 580,678 100% 15,191 100% 2,169 100% 13,022 100%


U nder $25,000 150,704 26% 5,634 37% 804 37% 4,830 37%

$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 4,616 30% 659 30% 3,957 30%

$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 4,941 33% 705 33% 4,236 33%

Tota l 15,191 2,169 13,022

P atterns of Family Structure (% of Families)

Couple - one em ployed adult 166,995 29% 4,723 31% 674 31% 4,048 31%

C ouple - both adults em ployed 213,349 37% 6,067 40% 866 40% 5,201 40%

E m ployed solo adult 66,859 12% 1,527 10% 218 10% 1,309 10%

Em ployed single adult - shared housing 67,731 12% 1,485 10% 212 10% 1,273 10%

N o em ployed adult 65,744 11% 1,390 9% 198 9% 1,192 9%

Tota l 580,678 15,191 2,169 13,022


H ours per fam ily 26.5 28.7 28.7 28.7


N um ber of ch ildren 208,772 5,813 830 4,983

Percentage 36% 38% 38% 38%


C enter 94,439 48% 2,675 50% 382 50% 2,293 50%

In hom e 55,350 28% 1,245 23% 178 23% 1,067 23%

R elative's hom e 15,322 8% 333 6% 48 6% 286 6%

Fam ily child care 26,540 13% 1,080 20% 154 20% 926 20%

Group activ ity 6,934 3% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%


Child care centers 1,268 12% 29 16% 5 23% 24 15%

Group and fam ily ch ild care providers 9,521 88% 151 84% 17 77% 134 85%

O ther child care activ ities 0% 0% 0% 0%

Tota l child ca re s ites 10,789 100% 180 100% 22 100% 158 100%


Child care centers 65,163 51% 1,254 52% 106 43% 1,148 53%

Group and fam ily ch ild care providers 62,316 49% 1,176 48% 140 57% 1,036 47%

O ther child care activ ities 0% 0% 0% 0%

Tota l child ca re s lo ts 127,479 100% 2,430 100% 246 100% 2,184 100%


Child care s lots per 100 ch ildren 22 16 11 17

Oreg on SDA 14 Morrow Umatilla

45



Age Groupings

Under Age 5 216,270 37% 961 33% 486 33% 1,528 34% 400 30%

Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 1,193 41% 617 41% 1,722 39% 552 42%

Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 757 26% 392 26% 1,189 27% 361 27%

Total under age 13 580,678 100% 2,911 100% 1,495 100% 4,439 100% 1,313 100%


Under $25,000 150,704 26% 985 34% 506 34% 1,502 34% 444 34%

$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 1,137 39% 584 39% 1,734 39% 513 39%

$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 789 27% 405 27% 1,203 27% 356 27%

Total 2,911 1,495 4,439 1,313


Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 942 32% 484 32% 1,436 32% 425 32%

Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 1,138 39% 584 39% 1,735 39% 513 39%

Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 342 12% 176 12% 522 12% 154 12%

Employed single adult - shared housing 67,731 12% 223 8% 115 8% 340 8% 101 8%

No employed adult 65,744 11% 266 9% 137 9% 405 9% 120 9%

Total 580,678 2,911 1,495 4,439 1,313


Hours per family 26.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5


Number of children 208,772 1,143 587 1,743 516

Percentage 36% 39% 39% 39% 39%


Center 94,439 48% 430 38% 221 38% 655 38% 194 38%

In home 55,350 28% 363 32% 186 32% 553 32% 164 32%

Relative's home 15,322 8% 88 8% 45 8% 134 8% 40 8%

Family child care 26,540 13% 251 22% 129 22% 383 22% 113 22%

Group activity 6,934 3% 12 1% 6 1% 18 1% 5 1%


Child care centers 1,268 12% 5 2% 2 4% 1 6% 2 2% 0 0%

Group and family child care providers 9,521 88% 198 98% 51 96% 17 94% 109 98% 21 100%

Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Total child care sites 10,789 100% 203 100% 53 100% 18 100% 111 100% 21 100%


Child care centers 65,163 51% 202 14% 57 20% 45 26% 100 12% 0 0%

Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 1,216 86% 222 80% 130 74% 718 88% 146 100%

Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Total child care slots 127,479 100% 1,418 100% 279 100% 175 100% 818 100% 146 100%


Child care slots per 100 children 22 14 10 12 18 11

Union Wallowa Oregon SDA 15 Baker Grant

46



Oregon SDA 16 Harney MalheurAge Groupings

Under Age 5 216,270 37% 475 33% 2,319 37%

Ages 5 thru 9 225,755 39% 575 40% 2,397 39%

Ages 10 thru 12 138,653 24% 379 27% 1,474 24%

Total under age 13 580,678 100% 1,429 100% 6,190 100%


Under $25,000 150,704 26% 484 34% 2,094 34%

$25,000 - $44,999 176,726 30% 558 39% 2,418 39%

$45,000 and over 253,248 44% 387 27% 1,678 27%

Total 1,429 6,190


Couple - one employed adult 166,995 29% 462 32% 2,003 32%

Couple - both adults employed 213,349 37% 559 39% 2,419 39%

Employed solo adult 66,859 12% 168 12% 728 12%

Employed single adult - shared housing 67,731 12% 110 8% 474 8%

No employed adult 65,744 11% 131 9% 565 9%

Total 580,678 1,429 6,190


Hours per family 26.5 24.5 24.5


Number of children 208,772 561 2,431

Percentage 36% 39% 39%


Center 94,439 48% 211 38% 914 38%

In home 55,350 28% 178 32% 771 32%

Relative's home 15,322 8% 43 8% 187 8%

Family child care 26,540 13% 123 22% 534 22%

Group activity 6,934 3% 6 1% 25 1%



Group and family child care providers 9,521 88% 64 88% 14 93% 50 86%

Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0%

Total child care sites 10,789 100% 73 100% 15 100% 58 100%



Group and family child care providers 62,316 49% 453 60% 128 72% 325 56%

Other child care activities 0% 0% 0% 0%

Total child care slots 127,479 100% 756 100% 178 100% 578 100%


Child care slots per 100 children 22 10 12 9

47


48

Glossary of Terms...

This report contains a number of terms and titles which may be unfamiliar to the general public.Here is a short list of terms and definitions: CCD The Child Care Division of the OregonEmployment Department.

CCR&R Child Care Resource and Referral. This term generally refers to commu-nity-based agencies that provide child care referrals and consumer educationfor parents, maintain a database of active child care providers, recruit and provide support to child care providers, advise employers on work and family issues, and support community planning efforts. The term may also be used to denote the core services themselves, or to denote the statewide system of regional agencies.

Data Project The Oregon Childhood Care and Education Data Project, a collaboration of public, private and nonprofit organizations dedicated to providing timely, accurate and reliable information about the supply, demand, cost and qualityof child care services in Oregon.

Network The Oregon Child Care Resource and Referral Network, a membership organization comprised of 16 regional agencies that provide CCR&R services in all 36 Oregon counties.

OPS Oregon Population Survey, a biennial survey of Oregon households. The survey is conducted at the direction of the Oregon Progress Board.

Solo Parent The sole adult in a household with children under 13 years of age. A single parent who provides custodial support to children without the benefit of other resident adults, such as a spouse, relative or acquaintance who lives in the house-hold.

Single Parent A single parent who shares a household with another adult, related or otherwise. Differs from a solo parent to the extent that the single parent has at least one other resident adult to share custodial responsibilities for children under 13 years of age.

Data ContributorsOregon Childhood Care and Education Data Project

Child Care Division of the Oregon Employment DepartmentOregon Child Care Resource and Referral Network

Oregon Progress BoardClearwater Research, Inc.

Adult and Family Services Division of the Oregon Department of Human ServicesRegional Research Institute for Human Services and Center for Population Research and Census at

Portland State UniversityOregon Office of Economic Analysis, Department of Administrative Services

Data Sources1996 & 1998 Oregon Population Estimates

1996 & 1998 Oregon Population SurveyChild Care Provider Licensing and Registration Data of the Oregon Child Care Division

Market Rate Survey of Adult & Family ServicesReferral and Provider Data of the Oregon Child Care Resource and Referral Network

For additional copies of this report, contact Family Resources and Education,Linn-Benton Community College, 6500 Pacific Boulevard SW, Albany, Oregon 97321.

telehone: (541) 917-4903facsimile: (541) 967-0559

email: [email protected]

Or download a copy from:http://www.lbcc.cc.or.us/familyresources/researchpartner

Documents

Data for Community Planning - Oregon State Universityhealth.oregonstate.edu/sites/health.oregonstate.edu/files/sbhs/pdf/... · Ted Helvoigt Oregon Employment Department Roberta Henifin