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Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University, University of British Columbia 1 1 1 2 1 1 2

Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

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Page 1: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined

MannerHsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen

National Taiwan University, University of British Columbia

1 1 1 2 1

1 2

Page 2: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Handwriting Font is Popular

Personal Website

Invitation letter

Personal Decoration

Page 3: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Handwriting Synthesis

“The grown-ups are certainly very, very old”, he said to himself, as he continued on his journey.

“The grown-ups are certainly very, very old”, he said to himself, as he continued on his journey

Segoe print

Lucida Handwriting

Page 4: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Different shape of the same character

he little prince he tippler

Page 5: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Previous work - Handwriting Style

From forensic science viewpoint, Important factors of handwriting style:

Elements of styles Elements of execution Natural variance between each writing

Other effects Alcohol, emotion, etc.

Page 6: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Previous work - Handwriting Synthesis

Handwriting

Synthesized

Handwriting Synthesized

Handwriting

Synthesized

Wang et al., IJDAR 2005 Chang and Shin, IJDAR 2012

Lin and Wang, PR 2007

Page 7: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Contribution

A statistical learning approach to synthesize non-existent paragraph:

A data-analysis stage

A character grouping method

A data-driven optimization framework

Page 8: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Approach pipeline

Data Collection Parameterization Shape Model

Paragraph Synthesis Word Synthesis

Character Synthesis

Page 9: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Approach pipeline

Data Collection Parameterization Shape Model

Paragraph Synthesis Word Synthesis

Character Synthesis

Page 10: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Data Collection

We should collect at least two instances for each letter.

We should cover more commonly used letter pairs(“aa”, “ab”, “ac”,…).

The collection sheet should not over be constrained.

10

Page 11: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Data Collection

Page 12: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Approach pipeline – Parameterization

Data collection Parameterization Shape Model

Paragraph Synthesis Word Synthesis

Character Synthesis

Page 13: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Character Parameterization

We assume each letter has only one topology. For each letter , we use B-spline fitting.

Handwritten

Reconstructed

Control points

Page 14: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Approach pipeline – Shape Model

Data collection Parameterization Shape Model

Paragraph Synthesis Word Synthesis

Character Synthesis

Page 15: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Shape Model

We build shape model from displacement:

Shape model :

Shape coefficient

Displacement

Page 16: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Approach pipeline – Character Synthesis

Data collection Parameterization Shape Model

Paragraph Synthesis Word Synthesis

Character Synthesis

Page 17: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Character Synthesis

Collected data

Synthesized data

Shape model with varying

Page 18: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Approach pipeline – Word Synthesis

Data collection Parameterization Shape Model

Paragraph Synthesis Word Synthesis

Character Synthesis

Page 19: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Character Grouping

We group letters to obtain more conjoining information

Example: Criteria

Synthesis target:

Data set:

How to connect ‘r’ and ‘i’ ?

Page 20: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Character Grouping

The probability we connect two neighboring letters

Ending group Starting group

Page 21: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Word Synthesis

Structure similarity constraint : shape parameter : the slope between control points control point position

Smoothness term

Data term

Boundary constraint

Page 22: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Word Synthesis

Synthesized Result

Connected

Page 23: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Approach pipeline – Paragraph synthesis

Data collection Parameterization Shape Model

Paragraph Synthesis Word Synthesis

Character Synthesis

Page 24: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Paragraph Synthesis

Line angle, word height and word angle

Page 25: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

User Study : Visual discrimination

Page 26: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

User Study : Visual discrimination

Page 27: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

User Study : Visual discrimination

65 Subjects

Page 28: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

User Study : Similarity test

Handwritten sample

Our result

Page 29: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

User Study : Similarity test

Handwritten paragraph

Synthesized paragraph without layout info

Synthesized paragraph with layout info

Page 30: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Visual Result

Handwritten paragraph

Our synthesized paragraph

Page 31: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Visual Result

Style 1

Style 2

Style 3

Page 32: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Comparison II

Handwritten samples

Synthesized result by Lin et al., PR2007

Handwritten samples

Our result

Page 33: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Comparison I

Original writing

Wang et al., IJDAR 2005

Ours

Page 34: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Conclusion

We present a data-driven optimization approach to synthesize non-existed paragraph :

We analyzing cursiveness property in the data. A novel trajectory optimization for synthesizing

conjoining character. The user study and comparison results show that

our approach successfully imitate one’s handwriting style.

Page 35: Data-Driven Handwriting Synthesis in a Conjoined Manner Hsin-I Chen, Tse-Ju Lin, Xiao-Feng Jian, I-Chao Shen, Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University,

Q & A

Thank you

http://graphics.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~fensi/