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Types of Data-driven DSS
• Data warehouses
• Executive Information Systems
• Spatial DSS
• Online Analytical Processing
Detail and SummaryINV_NUMBER LINE_NUMBER P_CODE LINE_UNITS LINE_PRICE
1001 1 13-Q2/P2 1 $14.99
1001 2 23109-HB 1 $9.95
1002 1 54778-2T 2 $4.99
1003 1 2238/QPD 1 $38.95
1003 2 1546-QQ2 1 $39.95
1003 3 13-Q2/P2 5 $14.99
1004 1 54778-2T 3 $4.99
1004 2 23109-HB 2 $9.95
1005 1 PVC23DRT 12 $5.87
1006 1 SM-18277 3 $6.99
1006 2 2232/QTY 1 $109.92
1006 3 23109-HB 1 $9.95
1006 4 89-WRE-Q 1 $256.99
1007 1 13-Q2/P2 2 $14.99
1007 2 54778-2T 1 $4.99
1008 1 PVC23DRT 5 $5.87
1008 2 WR3/TT3 3 $119.95
1008 3 23109-HB 1 $9.95
P_CODE UnitsSold AvgPrice
13-Q2/P2 8 $14.99
1546-QQ2 1 $39.95
2232/QTY 1 $109.92
2238/QPD 1 $38.95
23109-HB 5 $9.95
54778-2T 6 $4.99
89-WRE-Q 1 $256.99
PVC23DRT 17 $5.87
SM-18277 3 $6.99
WR3/TT3 3 $119.95
Drill-down
DimensionsP_DESCRIPT ProductsSold
AvgPrice
CUS_AREACODE
VendorState
1.25-in. metal screw, 25 3 $6.99 615 TN
7.25-in. pwr. saw blade 6 $14.99 615 KY
7.25-in. pwr. saw blade 2 $14.99 713 KY
B&D cordless drill, 1/2-in. 1 $38.95 615 FL
B&D jigsaw, 12-in. blade 1 $109.92
615 TN
Claw hammer 2 $9.95 615 TN
Claw hammer 3 $9.95 713 TN
Hicut chain saw, 16 in. 1 $256.99
615 TN
Hrd. cloth, 1/4-in., 2x50 1 $39.95 615 GA
Rat-tail file, 1/8-in. fine 6 $4.99 713 KY
Steel matting, 4'x8'x1/6", .5" mesh
3 $119.95
713 FL
DimensionDimensions
Slice and Dice
P_DESCRIPTProductsSold
AvgPrice CUS_AREACODE
1.25-in. metal screw, 25 3 $6.99 615
7.25-in. pwr. saw blade 6 $14.99 615
7.25-in. pwr. saw blade 2 $14.99 713
B&D cordless drill, 1/2-in.
1 $38.95 615
B&D jigsaw, 12-in. blade
1 $109.92 615
Claw hammer 2 $9.95 615
Claw hammer 3 $9.95 713
Hicut chain saw, 16 in. 1 $256.99 615
Hrd. cloth, 1/4-in., 2x50 1 $39.95 615
Rat-tail file, 1/8-in. fine 6 $4.99 713
Steel matting, 4'x8'x1/6", .5" mesh
3 $119.95 713
Viewing DatabyCustomerArea code
Slice and Dice
P_DESCRIPTProductsSold
AvgPrice V_STATE
1.25-in. metal screw, 25 3 $6.99 TN
7.25-in. pwr. saw blade 8 $14.99 KY
B&D cordless drill, 1/2-in.
1 $38.95 FL
B&D jigsaw, 12-in. blade
1 $109.92 TN
Claw hammer 5 $9.95 TN
Hicut chain saw, 16 in. 1 $256.99 TN
Hrd. cloth, 1/4-in., 2x50 1 $39.95 GA
Rat-tail file, 1/8-in. fine 6 $4.99 KY
Steel matting, 4'x8'x1/6", .5" mesh
3 $119.95 FL
Viewing DatabyVendorstate
Data-driven DSS
• Permits users to drill-down from summary to detail
• Permits users to drill-up from details to summary
• Permits users to view data on different dimensions
Data warehouse
• Database• Designed for decision support• Batch updated• Large amounts of data• Can be subject oriented (Data Mart)• Uses consistent definitions and formats• Time-variant• Historical data• Not the same as OLAP
Sources of data for Data Warehouse
• From relational databases or Non-relational data sources
• Integration of data from distributed and differently structured databases
• Definitions and formats may not be consistent across sources
• Physical Separation of data used in daily operations from data used for purposes of reporting, decision support, analysis and controlling.
Multi-dimensional analysis
• OLAP software for creating multi-dimensional representations
• Original data comes from normalized two-dimensional tables
• Example database
• Tables: Vendors, Products, Outlets, Sales persons, sale records
Example application
• Vendors supply products
• Products belong to product-lines
• Products sold by specific sales persons Products sold at specific outlets
• Outlets located in specific regions
• Sales done in specific time period
Can you spot the dimensions of sales revenue data?
EIS
• To support information needs of the executive
• Data for specific issues and problems
• Can do trend analysis, and drill down
• Uses internal and external data
• Dashboard applications
Differences between data that is available and data that is required
Factors Operating Data DSS Data
Data Structures normalized integrated
Time Span current historical
Summarization none extensive in some systems
Data Volatility volatile non-volatile
Data Dimensions one dimension multiple dimensions
Metadata desirable required and important
Normalized data structure to Integrated data structure
Operating data• Two dimensional flat tables – suitable for quick
update, insert and delete operations• Efficient usage of hard drive space• Derived and derivable data not stored
Integrated data• Denormalized; for quick retrieval• Frequently used summary and derived data is
created and stored