Copyright © 2017 OMG. All rights reserved. 1

Data-Distribution Service (DDS) – the IIoT Connectivity Standard Gerardo Pardo, Ph.D. Co-Chair DDS SIG December 2017

•Understanding Connectivity •Understanding DDS •Solving IIOT Problems with DDS

Outline

Using Connectivity Middleware for Application Development

Application

Middleware

Operating System

Network

Application

Middleware

Operating System

Application

Middleware

Operating System

IIoT Connectivity Stack Model Participant X

Connectivity

Information

Networking

IICF Focus

Information (Data in Context)

Participant X

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data Interoperability and Management

Physical

Network

Participant Y

Data (State, Events, Streams)

Messages

Packets

Frames

Bits

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data Interoperability and Management

Physical

Network

Technical Interoperability

(bytes)

Syntactic Interoperability (data structures)

Semantic Interoperability (data context)

Connectivity Transport Layer

Transport

Link

Distributed Data Interoperability & Management

Framework

Connectivity Transport Functions

Physical

Network

Messaging Protocol

Endpoint Addressing Connectedness Prioritization Timing &

Synchronization Security

Communication Modes

Technical Interoperability

Connectivity Framework Layer

Transport

Link

Distributed Data Interoperability & Management

Framework

Quality of

Service Security

Publish-Subscribe Request-Reply Discovery

Data Resource Model

Id and Addressing Data Type System Lifecycle (CRUD)

Exception Handling

State Management

Connectivity Framework Functions

Physical

Network

API Governance

Syntactic Interoperability

Connectivity Standards

Manufacturing Origin

TSN / Ethernet (802.1, 802.3)

DDS

Wireless PAN

(802.15)

Wireless 2G/3G/LTE

(3GPP)

Wireless LAN

(802.11 Wi-Fi)

Internet Protocol (IP)

CoAP MQTT

Web Services

Wireless Wide Area (802.16)

HTTP DDSI-RTPS

oneM2M OPC-UA

OPC-UA Bin

Telecommunications Origin

UDP TCP TCP

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data Interoperability and Management

Physical

Network

Healthcare Transportation Manufacturing … … Energy & Utilities

Complexity of the Application Code

Network

Application

Middleware

Operating System

Application

Operating System

Quality of Service

Discovery

Data Resource Model

Id and Addressing

Data Type System

State Management

Connectivity Transport

Connectivity Framework

Application

Operating System

Quality of Service

Discovery

Data Resource Model

Id and Addressing

Data Type System

State Management

Connectivity Transport

Understanding the DDS Connectivity Framework Powerful abstractions to build highly modular, robust, and secure real-world systems

December 7, 2017

DDS is Different!

Data-Centric

DDS

Shared Data Model

DataBus

Point-to-Point

TCP Sockets

Client/Server

MQTT XMPP OPC CORBA

Brokered ESB

Daemon

Publish/Subscribe

Fieldbus CANbus ZeroMQ JMS

Queuing

AMQP Active MQ

Layered Databus Architecture • Cloud:

• Datacenter • Elasticity, Provisioning,

Management, Analytics • Fog:

• Distributed computing • Processing “close to the

edge” • Latency, Robustness,

availability • Edge:

• Locality • Information Scoping

©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Confidential.

Edge Edge Edge

Fog

Cloud

Fog Fog

Edge

Peer to Peer

Brid

ged/

M

edia

ted

DDS Model: Virtual Global Data Space

Topic A QoS

Topic C QoS

Topic D QoS

DDS DOMAIN

Persistence Service

Recording Service

CRUD operations

Topic B : “Turbine State”

Source (Key) Speed Power Phase

WPT1 37.4 122.0 -12.20

WPT2 10.7 74.0 -12.23

WPTN 50.2 150.07 -11.98

QoS

Data-Centric Communications Model

December 7, 2017 Copyright © 2016 OMG. All rights reserved. 13

• Participants scope the global data space (domain) • Topics define the data-objects (collections of subjects) • DataWriters publish data on Topics • DataReaders subscribe to data on Topics • QoS Policies are used configure the system • Listeners are used to notify the application of events

Reader “Alarm”

Domain Participant Writer

“Alarm”

Domain Participant

Listener Offered

QoS Listener

Got new data

Requested

QoS

New subscriber!

“Alarm” Topic Topic2 Topic2

Request <= Offered QoS compatibility checking and run-time monitoring

• DW offers DEADLINE of 10ms • DR requests DEADLINE of 20ms

• DW offers RELIABILITY kind RELIABLE • DR requests RELIABILITY BEST_EFFORT

• DW offers LIVELINESS kind AUTOMATIC • DR requests LIVELINESS kind MANUAL

Request vs Offered Examples

14

Compatible: 20 ms “less” 10 ms

Result

Compatible: BEST_EFFORT “less” RELIABLE

Not Compatible: MANUAL “more” AUTOMATIC

QoS Policy DURABILITY

HISTORY

LIFESPAN

WRITER DATA LIFECYCLE

READER DATA LIFECYCLE

ENTITY FACTORY

RESOURCE LIMITS

RELIABILITY

TIME BASED FILTER

DEADLINE

CONTENT FILTERS

Cach

e U

ser QoS

Deliv

ery

Presentation Availability

Reso

urce

s Transport

QoS Policy USER DATA

TOPIC DATA

GROUP DATA

PARTITION

PRESENTATION

DESTINATION ORDER

OWNERSHIP

OWNERSHIP STRENGTH

LIVELINESS

LATENCY BUDGET

TRANSPORT PRIORITY

• How to handle vast differences in speed? • Use Time-Based Filters • Leverage Data Cache in Reader and Writer

• How manage big differences on data needs and volumes • Select only needed Topics • Use Partitions • Use Content Filtered Topics

• How to handle various network transports? • DDS mechanisms are independent of the network transport

Handling Highly Heterogeneous systems

16

✔

✔

✔

DDS Standard family

DDS v 1.4

RTPS v2.2 DD

S-SE

CURI

TY

DDS-

RPC

DDS-

XTYP

ES

Application

UDP TCP* DTLS TLS

DDS-C++ DDS-JAVA DDS-IDL-C DDS-IDL-C#

SHARED-MEMORY IP

DDS-

WEB

HTTP/s

IDL

4.0

TSN

Ethernet

RTPS Wire Protocol

• Peer to peer no brokers or servers

• Qos Aware & Reliable best efforts top reliable independent of transport, even over multicast!

• Any size data automatic fragmentation & reassembly. Smart (fragment) repairs

• Automatic Discovery and Presence plug & play. No need to configure discovery services

• Decoupled start applications in any order allow readers without writers and vice-versa

• Redundant supports multi path and multiple networks. Automatically discards duplicates

• High performance native “wire” speeds

• Scalable no need to maintain N^2 network connections

RTPS

UDP/TCP/IP/Etc.

DDSI-RTPS Protocol

DDS Implementation

DDS API

Application

Highly Scalable Brokerless Transport-Independent

DDS Security Standard

• DDS entities are authenticated • DDS enforces access control for

domains/Topics/… • DDS maintains data integrity and

confidentiality • DDS enforces non-repudiation • DDS provides availability through

reliable access to data …while maintaining DDS interoperability & high performance

DDS to OPCUA Bridge

• Existing: OPC UA Server on controller • Existing: OPC UA Client applications • Existing: DDS App • New: OPCUA-DDS Gateway– Maps “operations” on OPCUA to DDS

OPC UA Server

OPCUA-DDS Gateway

DDS (RTPS)

OPCUA Client

RTPS RTPS

DDS App

NOTE: OPC foundation also working on a “Pub-Sub” mechanism for OPCUA. Plan is to make “DDS” one of the 3 supported “communication” models for pub-sub.

DDS App

DDS App

DDS-WEB Standard

Operational Data

Web Enabled DDS

Web Enabled DDS

DDS-WEB Service

GUARD

HTTP/ HTTPS

DDS/ RTPS Connectivity Core Standards

Solving IIOT problems with DDS

DDS is broadly used across the IIoT

Real World Systems in: – Healthcare – Transportation – Communications – Energy – Industrial – Defense

North America Largest Power Generator

• DDS controls the 6.8 GW GC Dam • Largest power plant in North America • Fastest-responding major power source

on the Western Grid • Requires 24x7 operation

• DDS met the challenges • Extreme availability • Wide area communications • Multi-level routing • High security • 300k data values

• Live since Jan 2014

Siemens Wind Power Distributed Control

• Wind turbine farms can include 500 turbines, 100m blades

• Gust control across the array requires fast communications with dynamic, selective filtering

• DDS enables large, distributed intelligent machines

Largest Single-System SCADA

• The NASA KSC launch control claims to be the world’s largest single-system SCADA

• It combines 300k points, at 400k msgs/sec

• RTI Connext DDS powers launch control, in-flight monitoring, UAV reentry-tracking ground station, and the recovery ship

The real value is a common architecture that connects sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and spans industries

You don’t compete against competitors. You compete against market transitions.

– John Chambers

The Industrial IoT Disruption

©2017 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

Software is eating the world -- Andreessen Horowitz

Silicon Valley VC

What’s the Disruption?

Thank You! http://www.omg.org/dds/