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Data Changes from GOES-12/NOP Imagers
Timothy J. Schmit
NOAA/NESDIS/STAR (formerly ORA)
SaTellite Applications and Research (STAR)
Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT)
in collaboration with the
Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS)
Madison, WI
UW-Madison
Satellite DirectReadout Users
Conference for the Americas12 December 2002
Data Changes from GOES-12/NOP ImagersX-ray image of the Sun was taken by the SXI instrument onboard GOES-12
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i/GOES-12 Imager Changes- Spectral- Spatial
GOES-N/O/P Changes- Less outages
Spectral ranges for the GOES-8/11 (top bars) and GOES-12+ (bottom bars) Imagers.
sample high spectral-resolution earth emitted spectra
GOESImagerBand
Wavelength Range(μm)
Central Wavelength(μm)
Meteorological Objective
1 0.55 to 0.75 0.65Cloud cover and surface features
during the day2 3.8 to 4.0 3.9 Low cloud/fog detection, fire detection
36.5 to 7.05.8 to 7.3
6.7 (GOES-8/11)6.5 (GOES-12+)
Upper-level water vapor
4 10.2 to 11.2 10.7 Surface or cloud top temperature
5 11.5 to 12.5 12.0 (GOES-8/11) Surface or cloud top temperature andlow-level water vapor
6 12.9 to 13.7 13.3 (GOES-12+) CO2 band: Cloud detection
GOES Imager bands
GOES Imager 6.7 um vs 6.5 um
GOES Imager Bands 4, 5, 6
GOES-8 Imager data -- native perspective
GOES-12 Imager data -- native perspective
GOES-12 Imager comparisons
After accounting for spectral response differences, the
imager brightness temperatures are similar to
those from operational satellites.
The improved spatial resolution on the water vapor images from GOES-12 are evident (4 km detectors, as opposed to the 8 km detectors).
GOES-8/12 Imager comparisons
GOES-12 GOES-10
Both water vapor images are shown in their native projections.
http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/011119/011119.html
The GOES-12/10/08 weighting functions calculated from the 19 September 00UTC Albuquerque NM rawinsonde profile, the theoretical water vapor channel brightness temperatures should have been about 3.5 degrees warmer on GOES-12 than on GOES-10/08.
Average satellite brightness temperatures measured over the mountain wave signature region were about 3 degrees K warmer on GOES-12 than on GOES-10/08.
GOES-12 Imager -- Visible
GOES-12 Imager -- IR window
GOES-12 Imager -- 13.3 µm
GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure
GOES-12 Sounder -- Cloud Top Pressure
Expected product changes
Cloud height products Improved Better heightassignments
Satellite-derived winds Improved Better heightassignments
Mid-level moisturegradients
Improved Due to finer spatialresolution
“Water Vapor”Imagery
Slightly Improved Change in spectralwidth
Higher spatialresolution
Note: Most GOES Imager data or products are not affected by these changes (most imagery, infrared-only products, visible products, etc).
Expected product changes
Dust, smoke andvolcanic ash detection
Degraded Affect morepronounced during the
night
Detection of low cloud Degraded Affect morepronounced during the
night
Low-level moisture andskin temperaturedeterminations
Degraded Rely on sounder orpolar-orbiting data
Sea SurfaceTemperatures
Unknown Daytime products maybe most affected
GOES-8/11 GOES-12/NGOESImagerBand
IGFOV*(km)
SSR**(km)
IGFOV*(km)
SSR**(km)
1 1.0 x 1.0 0.57 x 1.0 1.0 x 1.0 0.57 x 1.02 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.0 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.03 8.0 x 8.0 2.3 x 8.0 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.04 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.0 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.05 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.0 No band No band6 No band No band 8.0 x 8.0 2.3 x 8.0
GOES Imager spatial resolution characteristics.
(GOES-8/11 values are from Menzel and Purdom 1994)
Limitations of Current GOES Imagers
– Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts
– Low spatial resolution
– Missing spectral bands
– Eclipse and related outages
GOES-N/O/P will supply data through the eclipse periods.
The spacecraft batteries are specified to be large enough to run through eclipse.
Shields have been added to the secondary mirror spiders.
Outages due to Eclipse
and the Keep-Out-Zone
GOES-8 (~3 hours of data outage)
No data!
GOES-N+
(~0 hours of data outage)
GOES-O – improved spatial resolution of the 13.3 um band.
4 km
1 km
8 km
2 km
More information:
NWA article: Schmit, T. J., E. M. Prins, A. J. Schreiner, and J. J. Gurka, 2001: Introducing the GOES-M imager. Volume 25, Nos 3,4, Nat. Wea. Assoc. Digest.
GOES-12 web pageshttp://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/g12_report/http://www.cira.colostate.edu/ramm/goesm/test_results.htm
GOES spectral response functions and GOES-M changes: http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/goes-calibration/change-channels.htm
COMET page on GOES channels:http://meted.ucar.edu/satmet/goeschan/index.htm
SXI and space weather: http://www.sec.noaa.gov/sxi/
GOES-12 Imager VISITview session (and a NOAA Technical Memo) are being developed.