Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Dartmouth Model United Nations
Post-Apocalyptic America April 6 – 8, 2018
Scott Okuno Secretary-General
Jessica Campanile
Director-General
Anjali Peddanna Chief of Staff
Nina Kosowsky
Chargé d’Affaires
Anne Pinkney Undersecretary-General of
General Assemblies
Erika Ogino Undersecretary-General of Ad-
Hoc Committees
Lauren Dusseau Undersecretary-General of
Special Committees
Soham Basu
Undersecretary-General of Current Crisis Committees
Sam Zarkower Undersecretary-General of
Historical Crisis Committees
Sam Wilson Director of
Public Relations
Bethany David Director of Technology
DartMUN is a student run, non-profit, all volunteer organization sponsored by he Dickey Center for International Understanding.
DARTMOUTH MODEL UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE
Thirteenth Annual Conference • April 6 - 8, 2018 Dartmouth College • Rockefeller Center • Hanover, NH 03755
E-mail: [email protected] • DartmouthMUN.com
January 11, 2018
Dear Delegates:
On behalf of the entire Dartmouth Model United Nations staff, I would like to welcome and thank
you for registering for the twelfth annual Dartmouth Model United Nations conference this April
2018. We have been working relentlessly since the end of last year’s conference to provide a better
and more worthwhile Model U.N. experience for this winter’s delegates. We are optimistic about this
winter’s conference and Dartmouth Model U.N.’s future.
DartMUN is a unique conference. We pair world-class delegations and dais staff members in smaller,
more-interactive environments to facilitate an enriching experience for delegates of all skill levels. We
believe DartMUN’s active, small committees ensure delegates feel comfortable immersing themselves
in a competitive but supportive environment that encourages trial by error and participation.
Furthermore, DartMUN’s well-trained staff is excited to work with your delegates this winter in
committee to equip the next generation of college students with the skills to tackle complex global
problems.
With this said, Model United Nations is only meaningful when delegates are thoroughly prepared. To
aid in your research preparation, your committee staff has spent hours researching, writing, and
editing this Background Guide. The Background Guide serves as an introduction to your respective
committee and an overview of the topics that you will be debating over the course of the
conference.
The Background Guide is intended to be a starting point for your research and is not, in itself, an
adequate exposure to the complexities of your committee’s topics. To be prepared, each delegate
should do further research and focus on processing information through the lens of their respective
country or position. If you are having trouble digesting all the information, the Background Guide
contains relevant discussion questions that break down the topics. Also, as questions or ideas arise,
do not be shy in contacting your committee staff via e-mail. Committee staff are knowledgeable and
can help you better understand a particular topic or how your country fits into a larger international
debate. More often than not, discussing the problem with another person can open up more
paradigms and viewpoints that may guide you throughout the brainstorming process.
As in years past, all delegates are expected to write a brief position paper before the conference to
synthesize all of their preparatory research and analysis. Please see the position paper guidelines on
the conference website for specific information about content, format, etc. Committee staff will
collect position papers at the beginning of the first committee session on Friday evening, so be sure
to bring a hard copy because delegates who do not submit position papers will not be eligible for
awards.
Sincerely, Scott Okuno Secretary-General DartMUN XIII
Scott Okuno Secretary-General
Jessica Campanile
Director-General
Anjali Peddanna Chief of Staff
Nina Kosowsky
Chargé d’Affaires
Anne Pinkney Undersecretary-General of
General Assemblies
Erika Ogino Undersecretary-General of Ad-
Hoc Committees
Lauren Dusseau Undersecretary-General of
Special Committees
Soham Basu
Undersecretary-General of Current Crisis Committees
Sam Zarkower Undersecretary-General of
Historical Crisis Committees
Sam Wilson Director of
Public Relations
Bethany David Director of Technology
DartMUN is a student run, non-profit, all volunteer organization sponsored by he Dickey Center for International Understanding.
DARTMOUTH MODEL UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE
Thirteenth Annual Conference • April 6 - 8, 2018 Dartmouth College • Rockefeller Center • Hanover, NH 03755
E-mail: [email protected] • DartmouthMUN.com
January 18, 2018
Dear Delegates, Welcome to the thirteenth installment of DartMUN and this year’s Futuristic Crisis! We are very excited to be joining you in yet another incredible conference experience. As you have chosen to be part of a crisis committee, we are confident of the high-caliber decision making and resolution creation that we have to look forward to. With the rapidly changing political environment we find ourselves in, both within the United States as well as in international news, it is hard to imagine where we will find ourselves in five years, let alone fifty years. This is why we have decided to bring to you a not so distant future, involving the aftermath of 3 years of political, environmental, social, and technological change. You will be challenged to extrapolate what a few, but critical changes, can have on the United States landscape and how that ripples out to massive shifts internationally. We are also here though, to learn from one another in a freer, less rigid environment and meet people outside of our own classrooms. Over the course of the conference, as your Director of this futuristic U.S. Cabinet Crisis committee, I will have the pleasure of mediating your debates and resolutions. A little of my background: I am originally from Westchester, NY and am currently a senior here at Dartmouth majoring in Biology, following a pre-health track, applying for medical school this spring. As such, this conference will be my last with DartMUN. I have greatly enjoyed being involved in two other of these conferences as a Committee Director in another futuristic crisis committee in 2015 as well as serving as Director General in 2016. Working alongside me is Abhimanyu Kapur, our Assistant Director. Abhimanyu is originally from Mumbai, India and is a freshaman at Dartmouth with interests in Computer Science, Design and Creative Writing. Abhimanyu has served as a chair for various crisis committees over the past two years and he looks forward to this year’s futuristic crisis simulation! In order to assist in your preparation for this committee and allow you to get the most out of it once here, Abhi and I have created the following Background Guide on some of the notable occurrences of the next three years, alongside the details of where the United States federal government stands during the timing of the crisis itself, right before the presidential election of 2020. This guide is a starting point for your research involving similar topics and occurrences to those that will have happened in the timeline prior to committee, as well as planning a means to re-stabilize the country internally and externally. Some of you may be familiar with futuristic committees, while others may not, so it is important to plan always with the template of the U.S. in 2020, not just how it is in 2018. Additionally, some of the players in the committee may be subject to change, as our federal government brings changes to elected and appointed positions in the present. If a case comes where one of your characters is no longer involved in government and we have decided to alter those in the committee, we will contact your delegation, as well as provide sources of information for the new character. As other questions or ideas arise, do not hesitate in reaching out to Abhi ([email protected]) or myself ([email protected]). Once again, welcome to DartMUN XIII. I am very excited to explore this uncharted future with you and learn from your critical decision skills and point of views. Sincerely, Alison Clarke
Post-Apocalyptic America DartMUN XIII
Committee Overview
Model United Nations, or MUN, is a worldwide
academic program that promotes understanding
of and involvement in international relations
and global issues through simulation of the real
United Nations. The United Nations is an
international organization, often called a
peacekeeping body, that ensures active efforts
by all 192 member states to the principles of
peace, justice, equality, and human dignity.
What are Crisis Committees?
Crisis Committees are specialized groups at
DartMUN that spend most of their time dealing
with real-time events that require immediate
attention and action. These crises range from
terrorist attacks to natural disasters to
corruption within a certain organization.
Common considerations of crisis committees
include: understanding the crisis and its
implications, informing/not informing the press
and public, undertaking immediate damage-
control, reacting to the actions of other groups,
and preventing future crises.
Simulation Overview
Parliamentary Procedure Specific to Crisis Committees
(adapted)
The same parliamentary procedures which are
used for GAs and Specials apply to the Crisis
Committees. However, Crisis Committees tend
to be more informal than other committees,
that is, they require a limited use of
parliamentary procedure. They are often times
more unstructured, and the flow of the
committee is heavily dependent on the
discretion of the chair. The chair will make
his/her procedural preferences clear at the start
of the first committee session.
There may be a speaker’s list, yet most
committees do without one. There is often no
official setting of the agenda, as debate tends to
flow between topics and is determined by the
pertinent crisis at hand.
In general, discussion occurs through
moderated caucuses in which the chair calls
upon delegates to speak. Delegates motion for
moderated caucuses of a specified length and
speaking time and on a specified topic. Many
issues may be discussed concurrently and crises
introduced by the crisis staff may interrupt
discussion. Occasionally, unmoderated caucuses
(motioned for by a delegate) are held in which
formal debate is suspended and delegates speak
at will in groups of their choosing. In voting, a
motion for an unmoderated caucus takes
precedence over a motion for a moderated
caucus. Often, motions are simply passed
without voting if there are no competing
motions.
Action is taken through directives, and there are
generally no working papers or resolutions,
unless the chair so desires. Notes are used to
communicate between delegates while the
committee proceeds. They may also be sent to
delegates on another committee if it is a JCC.
They are often used to work with delegates of
Post-Apocalyptic America DartMUN XIII
similar viewpoints to coordinate actions.
Questions can also be sent to the chair (or crisis
staff) in a note.
Directives and Notes:
Directives:
In order to carry out any action during
committee, a directive must be sent by an
individual, a group of individuals, or the
committee as a whole. If it is not on behalf of
the entire committee, then the delegate(s) can
choose to make the directive private and it will
not be revealed to the whole committee. If the
chair deems necessary, the directive may need
to be introduced by a requisite number of
writers. To pass a directive on behalf of the
whole committee, a simple majority vote is
required. The chair will hold a vote as each
directive is introduced.
Types of Directives
There are three types of directives – Action
Orders, Communiqués, and Press Releases.
Action orders are used to direct troops,
agencies, individuals, etc. to take an action that
is within the authority of the committee. An
individual may only send an action order if it is
within his powers (check the background guide
for a summary of the characters and their
committee roles and powers). A communiqué
is used to communicate with foreign
governments, other committees of the JCC, or
individuals outside the committee. A press
release is used to reveal information to the
public.
Examples of Directives
Action Order:
Direct Allied forces to invade Normandy,
France on June 6th. Paratroopers shall be
dropped behind enemy lines on June 4th.
Landings shall take place at Utah, Omaha,
Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches.
-The Allies
Communiqué
To the Emperor of Japan:
We demand an immediate, unconditional
surrender by all Japanese forces within 48
hours, or we shall be forced to unleash
heretofore unimaginable devastation upon your
cities.
- The Allies
Press Release
Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - a date which will live
in infamy - the United States of America was
suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and
air forces of the Empire of Japan.
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
Examples of Notes
To a member of the same committee:
[Address Section on outside of Note]
Post-Apocalyptic America DartMUN XIII
To: Franklin D. Roosevelt
From: Winston Churchill
[Message on inside of Note]
We ask that you work with us to increase
intelligence efforts directed against our so-called
allies, the Soviets, so that we will not be
surprised by any actions they take after the war.
- Winston Churchill
To chair/crisis staff:
[Address Section on outside of Note]
To: Chair/Crisis
From: Winston Churchill
[Message on inside of Note]
What is the current disposition of British forces
in the Middle East?
- Winston Churchill
An Outline of How a Typical Crisis Committee ‘Flows
» A moderated caucus takes place with delegates
outlining their position.
» A delegate motions for a moderated caucus on
a specified topic of a specified length with a
specified speaking time.
» Delegates discuss actions to take regarding
that topic through the moderated caucus and
through notes.
» Delegates submit directives to the chair to
take an action and motion to introduce the
directive.
» Discussion on the directives will proceed
through the current moderated caucus and
amendments may be proposed and voted on.
» A delegate will motion to vote on a directive
and the directive is either passed or rejected.
» A crisis will occur, oftentimes in the middle of
debate. The crisis staff will introduce new
information or developments through news
articles, videos, intelligence reports, etc.
» Discussion will shift informally or through a
new moderated caucus to discuss this
development.
Delegates in Attendance:
1. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson – He is one
of the only surviving members of the
Cabinet. In the face of the greatest crisis
the world has ever known, he believes
that the United States first needs to
secure its energy resources before it can
begin to rebuild. Hence, he believes that
the American government must
maintain control over and invest in its
oil fields in Texas, North Dakota and
Alaska. Moreover, he proposes that the
surviving superpowers – Russia, China,
Germany, France and the United
Kingdom – work together to rebuild the
world. In addition, Tillerson supports
the former federalist system that United
States operated under and is against any
new structural changes to the
Constitution.
Post-Apocalyptic America DartMUN XIII
2. Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
Mike Pompeo – He is in command of the
United States’ primary intelligence
agency. Thus, he can deploy spies in
intelligence gathering and target
elimination operations. Moreover, he
can direct these operations against
foreign actors, domestic actors and his
fellow delegates. Pompeo believes that
the Central Intelligence Agency should
have greater power and influence within
the new United States.1
3. Chief of Staff of the Air Force David L.
Goldfein – He is highest-ranking member
of the Air Force to have survived the
initial crisis. Goldfein directs the
remaining members of the Air Force and
thus can deploy air units against other
actors. He has twenty F-22s, three F-35s,
forty Warthogs and fifteen Apache
attack helicopters under his command.
He has dedicated his life to his country,
the Air Force and the Constitution.
Therefore, he supports the former
federalist system and is against any new
structural changes to the United States
government. However, he believes that
the Air Force should become the main
branch of the military.2
4. Commandant of the Marine Corps Robert B.
Neller – He is in command of the Marine
1 Kaveh Waddell. “Trump’s CIA Director Wants to Return
to a Pre-Snowden World.” Web. 18 Nov 2016.
https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/11/tru
mps-cia-director-wants-to-return-to-a-pre-snowden-
world/508136/. 2 “General David L. Goldfein.” U.S. Air Force. Web. Jul
2016. http://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/
Article/108013/general-david-l-goldfein/
Corps. Neller directs the deployment of
the remaining members of the Marine
Corps. He currently has 1,000 marines
under his command. He supports the
former federalist system and is against
any new structural changes to the United
States government. However, he believes
that the Marine Corps should become
the main branch of the military.3
5. Chief of Staff of the Army Mark A. Milley –
He is the commanding officer of the
United States Army. He is in command
of 1,000 infantrymen, 500 paratroopers,
and forty M1 Abrams tanks. He
supports the former federalist system
and is against any new structural changes
to the United States government.
However, he believes that the Army
should become the main branch of the
military.4
6. Chief of Naval Operations John M.
Richardson – Admiral Richardson is
directing the United States Navy during
this troubling time. He is in command of
one battleship, four destroyers, an
aircraft carrier and twenty-five F-22s. He
supports the former federalist system
and is against any new structural changes
to the United States government.
However, he believes that the Navy
3 “37th Commandant of the Marine Corps: General Robert
B. Neller.” Headquarters Marine Corps. Web. 30 Dec 2017.
http://www.hqmc.marines.mil/Leaders/Biography-
View/Article/553750/37th-commandant-of-the-marine-
corps/ 4 Mark A. Milley “39th Chief of Staff of the Army Initial
Message to the Army.” U.S. Army. Web. 30 Dec 2017.
https://www.army.mil/e2/rv5_downloads/leaders/csa/Initial
_Message_39th_CSA.pdf.
Post-Apocalyptic America DartMUN XIII
should become the main branch of the
military.5
7. Head of the Federal Bureau of Investigations
Christopher Wray – formerly a leading
prosecutor in the Department of Justice,
Wray is currently the Director of the
FBI: the nation’s primary law
enforcement agency. Thus, he directs
300 federal agents and is charged with
protecting the nation from internal and
external threats within the nation’s
borders.6
8. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor – as
the only surviving member of the
Supreme Court, Sonia Sotomayor has
the unprecedented power to unilaterally
re-interpret the Constitution. During her
time in the Judiciary, she practiced a
form of legal realism and espoused a
loose interpretation of the Constitution.
Thus, she will support more practical
solutions to the crisis at hand, even if it
requires the structure of the federal
government to change. As the only
member of the Supreme Court, at the
moment, she has the power to declare
any directive that is passed by the
committee as a whole unconstitutional,
effectively blocking it. However, she
cannot declare portfolio powers,
5 “Admiral John M. Richardson: Chief of Naval
Operations.” U.S. Department of Defense. Web. 18 Sep
2015.
https://www.defense.gov/About/Biographies/Biography-
View/article/621885/admiral-john-m-richardson/ 6 Catherine Herridge. “Who is FBI Director Christopher
Wray?” Fox News. 7 December 2017. http://www.foxnews
.com/politics/2017/12/07/who-is-fbi-director-christopher-
wray.html.
communiqués, notes or personal actions
unconstitutional.7
9. Senator Susan Collins – one of the two
surviving members of the Senate, she is
the ultimate moderate. During her long
career in the Senate, Collins helped lead
many bipartisan coalitions, passing a
plethora of crucial legislation. She is the
best candidate to bridge the divide
between the liberal, conservative,
federalist, statist and militarist factions
within the committee. Senator Collins is
currently the President pro tempore of
the Senate.8
10. Senator Elizabeth Warren – one of the two
surviving members of the Senate, she
was a leading progressive prior to the
pandemic. She believes that the United
States should reform itself during this
time of crisis. In particular, she believes
that Glass-Steagall should be reinstated,
Citizens United should be overturned,
and renewable energy should replace
fossil fuels. Overall, she believes that the
federal government must be further
strengthened. However, Warren will face
steep opposition in realizing her goals,
for she currently lacks any military
power, judicial legitimacy or executive
authority.9
7 Michael C. Dorf. “What is Sonia Sotomayor’s Judicial
Philosophy?” FindLaw. Web. 3 Jun 2009. http://supreme.
findlaw.com/legal-commentary/what-is-sonia-sotomayors-
judicial-philosophy.html. 8 “About Susan Collins.” Susan Collins – United States
Senator for Maine. Web. 29 Dec 2017. https://www.col
lins.senate.gov/about. 9 “Issues: Leveling the Playing Field.” Elizabeth Warren
For Senate. Web. 30 Dec 2017.
Post-Apocalyptic America DartMUN XIII
11. President Tulsi Gabbard – following the
deaths of the President and the Vice
President, the de facto Speaker of the
House is now the President of the
United States of America. President
Gabbard must now begin the process of
rebuilding the country, dealing with
rebellious governors, wide-spread
anarchy, riotous citizens, an energy crisis,
foreign actors and the most dangerous
threat of all: the other delegates. She has
the power to fill the vacant positions in
the government: she can appoint new
Supreme Court Justices, a new Secretary
of Defense, and a new Vice President.
She also can unilaterally create executive
agreements with foreign states and
actors. Moreover, she is in command of
the Secret Service and its 1,000 federal
agents.
12. Governor Greg Abbott - the leader of the
Lone Star state. He is one of the few
state leaders who were able to maintain
order during the pandemic. In the
process, however, he has also established
a powerful semi-autonomous nation-
state from the Rio Grande to Oklahoma.
Thus, Governor Abbott has control over
key oil and natural gas fields, has a large
base of support, and has 6,000 state
troopers. Furthermore, he is highly
conservative and a strong supporter of
state’s rights. Prior to the pandemic, he
proposed holding a Constitutional
Convention in order to weaken the
https://elizabethwarren.com/iss ues/leveling-the-playing-
field.
power of the federal government, and
the Judiciary, while strengthening the
power of the state governments.10
13. Governor Bill Walker – the governor of
Alaska, the northern safe haven.
Formerly a Republican, Walker struck
out on his own in 2013 when he ran for
governor on a fusion ticket with the
Democratic candidate who now serves
as his lieutenant. Following the outbreak,
Walker was able to establish a quarantine
zone in the northern state. Although the
Alaska safe-zone is not as powerful as its
Texan counterpart, it is still a force to be
reckoned with. Accordingly, Governor
Walker has control over key oil and
natural gas fields, and directs 2,000 state
troopers.11
http://www.gmaptool.eu/sites/default/files/os
m/usa-regions.png
10 Brandi Grissom. “Texas Gov. Greg Abbott calls for
Convention of States to take back states’ rights.” Dallas
News. Web. Jan 2016. http://www.dallasnews.com/news/
politics/2016/01/08/gov-greg-abbott-calls-for-constitutional-
convention-to-take-back-states-rights. 11 “Bill Walker (Alaska).” Ballotpedia. Web. 30 Dec 2017.
https://ballotpedia.org/Bill_Walker_(Alaska).
Post-Apocalyptic America DartMUN XIII
Overview
On December 3, 2018, a man walked into an ICU with respiratory issues. Within twelve hours he was dead. By the following month, 1.8 billion were dead. In the face of the greatest calamity the world had ever known, President Donald Trump declared a national emergency before he too succumbed to the virus. As a result, the federal government of the United States of America was reorganized as per Executive Order 51. In effect, the federal government was transformed into an executive council. This executive council includes: the surviving members of Congress, the surviving members of the late President’s Cabinet, the remaining leaders of the American military, and the most powerful regional leaders. Currently, the council is located in an underground facility in Colorado. From its bunker, the council commands forces across the country, ready to restore the nation.
As of April 6, 2020, the council has control over Alaska, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Hawaii, Texas and Oklahoma. In particular, Governor Walker has direct control over Alaska; Governor Abbott has direct control over Texas and Oklahoma; and General Mark A. Milley has direct control over Wyoming. The council jointly leads the rest of the aforementioned liberated states. The Pacific Zone has been taken over by a local warlord, known by his followers as King Richard. He currently commands an army of 3,000 militiamen, three M1 Abrams tanks and a dozen SAMs. By contrast, the situation in the Midwest is far more chaotic. A state of complete anarchy has erupted in this region of the United States. Lastly, the South Atlantic and Northeast Regions have been heavily
depopulated. Therefore, they are easy targets for any ambitious council member to “liberate” and establish their own kingdoms in. The council members should also be aware of the geo-political situation outside of the United States. Currently, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Finland, Italy, France, Germany and Ireland have maintained control of their respective states, banding together in this troubling time. Moreover, Vladimir Putin has stabilized the Russian Federation and established a new Warsaw Pact with Russia at its head. Poland, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia all have joined this resurgent coalition. Furthermore, the People’s Republic of China currently has control over the western plains and Manchuria, as the eastern coast was decimated by the pandemic. Portfolio Powers Each of the council members will have portfolio powers that they can execute independently of the council’s joint directives and communiqués. At the start of the first council meeting:
• Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Mike Pompeo can spy on or assassinate other delegates, factions and nation-states.
• Chief of Staff of the Air Force David L. Goldfein can deploy units to combat enemy forces and capture territory.
• Commandant of the Marine Corps Robert B. Neller can deploy units to combat enemy forces and capture territory.
Post-Apocalyptic America DartMUN XIII
• Chief of Staff of the Army Mark A. Milley can deploy units to combat enemy forces and capture territory.
• Chief of Naval Operations John M. Richardson can deploy units to combat enemy forces and capture territory.
• Head of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Christopher Wray can deploy units to combat enemy forces and capture territory.
• Governor Greg Abbott can deploy units to combat enemy forces and capture territory.
• Governor Bill Walker can deploy units to combat enemy forces and capture territory.
• President Tulsi Gabbard can deploy units to combat enemy forces and capture territory. Moreover, she can appoint up to two new Supreme Court Justices, appoint a new Secretary of Defense and appoint a new Vice President. She also can form executive agreements with foreign powers: addressing international crises, gaining new foreign troops loyal to them, trading away or acquiring land, and asking foreign actors for services.
• The Supreme Court can declare any joint council directive unconstitutional, blocking it from occurring. Currently, Sonia Sotomayor is the only Supreme Court Justice so she can unilaterally determine Supreme Court rulings. However, the President has the power to
appoint new justices to the Supreme Court, who will have to vote with the other justices on the constitutionality of directives. The President can appoint any of the delegates to the Supreme Court. Yet, the delegates will retain their other titles and powers if appointed to the Judiciary. All of the delegates can gain new portfolio powers as the meetings progress. The council can grant new powers to delegates through joint directives. In addition, delegates can acquire new powers by gaining direct control over regions (ie: if a delegate gains direct control over New York by conquering it or being assigned it by the council, they gain 500 militiamen). Moreover, the delegates can gain new powers by acquiring new positions from the president. Lastly, delegates can gain new powers by making deals with foreign actors (ie: a delegate can privately trade government secrets in return for 1,000 Russian mercenaries).
Combat System During the simulation, delegates will deploy combat units against other forces (domestic rebel armies, foreign armies and other delegates’ troops). The chairs will use a formalized system to determine the outcome of these engagements. Dice will be used to determine the damage that the units will inflict in order to maintain the impartiality of the simulation.
• Infantry units will have one dice.
• Tanks will have two dice.
Post-Apocalyptic America DartMUN XIII
• Fighter jets will have two dice.
• Naval vessels will have two dice. If an army of 1,000 infantrymen engages an army of 4,000 infantrymen and the first army rolls a four and the second army rolls a two, then the first army will lose 200 soldiers, and the second army will lose 400 soldiers. In addition, the first army will win and hold the ground.
Presidential Succession
1. President 2. Vice President 3. Speaker of the House of
Representatives 4. President Pro Tempore of the Senate 5. Secretary of State 6. Secretary of the Treasury 7. Secretary of Defense 8. Attorney General 9. Secretary of the Interior 10. Secretary of Agriculture 11. Secretary of Commerce 12. Secretary of Labor 13. Secretary of Health and Human
Services 14. Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development 15. Secretary of Transportation 16. Secretary of Energy 17. Secretary of Education 18. Secretary of Veterans Affairs 19. Secretary of Homeland Security12
12 Craig Walenta and Steve Mount. “Constitutional Topic:
Presidential Succession.” U.S. Constitution. Web. 24 Jan
2010. https://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_succ.html.
Questions to Consider
1. Should the United States return to its former governmental structure, implement a more autonomous system with increased states’ rights, stick with the emergency government or adopt a new and entirely different model?
2. Who should become the new Vice President? Who should be appointed to the Supreme Court? Who should become the new Secretary of Defense?
3. Should the United States continue to rely
on fossil fuels and natural gas or should it adopt green energy?
4. What are your relationships with other
characters at this committee? Who do you agree/disagree with? Is there anyone you are likely to work with or against?
5. What external threats will the republic
face?
6. How can you benefit from the threats that may not originate from your colleagues?
