Upload
vankhuong
View
218
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, the Best of Both Worlds
Norris Cotton Cancer Center is headquartered
at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
(DHMC), a teaching and research hospital of
The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth.
DHMC provides advanced care for complicated
conditions like brain cancer for patients from
New England, New York, and beyond.
Neuro-OncologyCenter of ExcellenceThe Neuro-Oncology program at Dartmouth-
Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center is
recognized for its innovative approaches,
advanced technology, and exceptional staff.
In the serene setting of rural New Hampshire,
Ivy League physician scientists and biomedical
engineers have amassed resources and
knowledge unmatched in North America:
●● Access to emerging therapies and procedures in a leading cancer research center though all phases of clinical trials.
●● A National Cancer Center (NCI)-funded $10 million neurosurgical operating suite with real-time, intraoperative MRI/CT.
●● Advanced 3-D imaging technology at an institution that has pushed the horizons of radiology since 1896.
●● A unique pairing of a linear accelerator with an adjacent hyperbaric chamber to explore the benefits of the oxygenation of tumor cells to enhance benefits of radiation.
●● A close-knit interdisciplinary team working side-by-side to coordinate complex care plans involving many subspecialities.
An Exceptional Program
The Referral Process
Our practice is to see patients within days of
diagnosis. Following this appointment, we keep
the referring physician and the primary care team
informed of the treatment plan and clinical course.
Please let us know if you are interested in
participating in our interdisciplinary Neuro-
Oncology tumor board. The staff at Norris Cotton
Cancer Center is committed to working closely
with you. You will be supplied with a detailed
treatment summary. If at any time you have any
questions, please call (603) 650-6312 to speak with
the treating physician.
To refer a new patient by telephone, call
(603) 650-6312
To refer by fax:
(603) 653-0610
2 3An Exceptional Program
An Exceptional Program An Exceptional Program
A New Generation of Radiation Oncology
With new technology, radiation oncologists use
radiation therapy as an alternative to standard
surgery.
●● Stereotactic radiosurgery with the Trilogy™
system combines high definition X-ray and CT
imaging with precise radiation delivery so a
radiation oncologist can perform radiosurgery.
●● Computer-assisted volumetric resection using
OR navigation allows for more precise surgery.
●● Computer-assisted stereotactic radiosurgery,
together with laser instruments, can help
physicians locate and target deep brain tumors
more accurately than traditional techniques.
●● Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy
(IMRT), known as 3-D conformal radiation
therapy, uses computer-generated images
to plan and deliver tightly focused radiation
beams to cancerous tumors while preserving
healthy brain tissue.
Advanced imaging provides information about the blood supply to brain tumors.
4 5
Molecular Pathology Analysis of Tumor Samples
Pathology plays an increasing role in
understanding cancer. The advanced technology
of our molecular pathology laboratory
allows us to perform sophisticated tests to
diagnose and characterize brain tumors.
Immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic testing,
and molecular profiling, as well as genomic
sequencing are now part of clinical practice.
Tissue samples can provide discriminating
information to diagnose, classify, and
prognosticate lesions so treatment can target
specific mutations.
Treatment Planning
The Neuro-Oncology program team reviews
each patient’s case in terms of history, radiologic
studies, and pathologic diagnosis at tumor board.
The team, in consultation with the patient and
family, identify the most effective treatments. We
incorporate decision aids into our practice to help
patients make informed decisions about treatment
options.
A Pioneer in Diagnostic ImagingThe first step in developing an evidence-based
long-term treatment plan for each patient is a
complete diagnostic workup.
Dartmouth was home to the first clinical X-ray
ever performed in the U.S. Today, traditional
X-rays are supplemented by fluoroscopy, advanced
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (MRS), computed
tomography (CT), ultrasound, nuclear imaging
(PET, PET-CT, and SPECT), interventional
radiology treatments, and 3-D imaging. As one
of America’s premier radiological centers, we
leverage all of our medical imaging abilities to
diagnose Neuro-Oncology patients.
Brain cancer differs from other types of tumors
because diagnosis and treatment may affect
cognitive and behavioral changes in a patient.
Our neuropsychologist assesses the extent of
any impairment during the course of the disease,
and makes recommendations that can enhance
patients’ quality of life. The neuropsychologist
collaborates with a speech pathologist to design
cognitive rehabilitation when indicated.
The Future of Neurosurgery is Here
Intraoperative MRI and CT Dartmouth’s Center for Surgical Innovation is
a high tech pavilion. The skillful integration of
equipment, mechanical systems, and configuration
allows the surgeon to have access to an overhead
rail-mounted MRI and CT scanner within
configurable operating rooms. This outstanding
intraoperative imaging before, during, and after
complex procedures greatly improves precision
and safety— by increasing the assurance of the
completeness of resection. Advanced functional
imaging allows for strategic brain tumor biopsy,
real-time imaging during resection of brain
tumors, and the opportunity to check for brain
shift following a craniotomy.
Advanced Neurosurgical TreatmentsDartmouth is a leading institution in North
America on the use of fluorescence-guided
neurosurgery to selectively tag brain tumor tissue
with fluorescent dye. This technology allows
surgeons to visually discriminate between normal
and tumor tissues to improve the accuracy of a
tumor resection.
(See page 7, at right.)
An Exceptional Program An Exceptional Program
Neurosurgical Pituitary Procedures We also offer sophisticated, minimally invasive
approaches for pituitary tumors.
●● Transsphenoidal Microneurosurgery: A direct
approach through the nostrils to enter the
sphenoid sinus behind the nose for resection
of pituitary tumors. The tumor can then be
removed while the normal brain structures are
protected.
●● Endoscopic pituitary surgery: A minimally invasive approach to reach pituitary tumors without cutting the face or the skull. A neurosurgeon inserts an endoscope, equipped with a microscope, camera, and light, through the nose to remove the tumor.
6 7
computer generated rendering
A Glowing Pink Brain Tumor is Easier to RemoveTo better
differentiate
between tumor
cells and healthy
tissue, surgeons
give patients
an oral dose of
the chemical
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). An enzyme
metabolizes ALA, producing the fluorescent
protein protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Tumor
cells have metabolisms that are different
than normal cells—so they accumulate more
PpIX—and therefore fluoresce or “glow”
when exposed to blue light.
A team of Dartmouth researchers and
surgeons developed a probe and later a
wide-field imaging system that combines
violet-blue and white light to simultaneously
analyze both the concentration of PpIX and
four other tumor biomarkers.
Our imaging technology reads how light
travels when it hits the tissue, sends
quantitative information to a computer, runs
it through an algorithm, and identifies which
tissue is cancerous and which is not.
This allows us to do more precise and radical
surgical excision of a malignant brain tumor
while leaving healthy tissue unharmed.
Shared Decision Making
The stakes are high when facing treatment for a
brain tumor. The risks associated with treatment can
be serious, such as changes in mental functioning,
fertility, or balance. Through shared decision
making, we use validated clinical tools to help
patients and families explore treatment options.
Shared decision making is a process that occurs
over a series of counseling sessions at the clinic and
requires patients and families to review and discuss
materials at home. Though the process can vary
depending on each case, patients and families often
take the following steps to make a decision.
●● Evaluate benefits and risks of each treatment
option.
●● Clarify personal values as they relate to the risks
and benefits.
●● Determine if they have enough information and
support to make a decision.
●● Make a decision.
●● Check the certainty of their decision.
This process helps ensure that patients are
confident and comfortable with their choices.
An Exceptional Patient Experience An Exceptional Patient Experience
Supporting Patients and Families Each patient in the Neuro-Oncology program is
treated in a patient-centered environment that
respects and appreciates the individual and family.
We offer a wide array of education, support, and
expressive arts programs to help soothe anxiety and
manage pain while improving coping skills.
I enjoy going to see my team. They are friendlier
than you expect a doctor to be. They greet me like,
‘Hey how are you doing? It’s nice to see you.’ I think
they are happy to see me and I feel the same way.
I have gotten to know them a little bit too. It helps
that the care has turned out so well. I speak highly of
them to everyone.”
- Ben, 28 years old, New Hampshire
I’ve felt pretty well cared for throughout the process
and have tremendous respect and gratitude for Dr. Fadul
and the other folks I received treatment from. When I was
first diagnosed and considering options, I checked out a
lot of experimental therapies—clinical trials. It turned out
the one I chose was Dr. Fadul’s own program. It seemed
intuitively sensible to me. I was very glad that I went
through the study. I think it helped me out.”
- Tony, 52 years old, Vermont
Think about how scary this can be for the patient. Many patients diagnosed with brain cancer are people who have been healthy all their lives. Abruptly they start having headaches or have a seizure, prompting diagnostic tests that show brain cancer. It comes from nowhere. It’s shocking. This is the mental and emotional state of patients initially diagnosed with brain cancer.”
- Camilo Fadul, MD, Neuro-Oncology Program Leader
Patients and families can take advantage of free classes like mindfulness meditation, expressive arts, and Tai Chi as part of our Patient and Family Support Services program. We also offer support groups, massage, and Reiki.
8 9
An Exceptional Professional Staff
Engineered for TeamworkAt Dartmouth, we fundamentally believe in the
power of teams to develop clinical solutions for
individuals and populations. Our operational
structure and physical space nurtures team
science—putting professionals from different fields
in daily contact with one another to ask tough
questions and find the answers. Innovation evolves
when there is a wide range of perspectives at the
same table.
NEURO-ONCOLOGY PROGRAMDartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center One Medical Center Drive Lebanon, NH 03756
Phone: (603) 650-6312 Fax: (603) 653-0610
cancer.dartmouth.edu/brain
From Bench to BedsideResearchers and clinicians collaborate to apply
scientific findings to improve cancer care. Neuro-
Oncology patients have the opportunity to
participate in clinical research for new medications
and surgeries.
From Bench to Bedside
Our researchers are conducting clinical trials to
study the interaction between brain tumors and
the immune system. This information will allow
the development of more effective therapeutic
options for glioblastomas, the most frequent and
lethal primary brain tumor. These studies not only
take advantage of the cellular immune response by
vaccination, but also explore the humoral immune
armamentarium by eliciting an antibody response.
Pushing New Advances in Imaging
Researchers from the Thayer School of
Engineering and the Geisel School of Medicine
at Dartmouth have spearheaded new technology
in navigational tools used in the operating room,
developing more precise and safer surgical
procedures for patients with brain tumors. Studies
using fluorescence to aid in surgical excision have
allowed removal of tumor tissue that would have
otherwise been left behind.
Mapping Genetic Signatures
In another area researchers are using brain tissue
to identify biomarkers that can help individualize
treatment plans and and guide the therapeutic
approach.
An Exceptional Professional Staff
The Neuro-Oncology team is comprised of
specialists from:
●● Neuro-Oncology
●● Radiation Oncology
●● Neurosurgery
●● Neuroradiology
●● Neuropathology
●● Neuropsychology
●● Palliative Care
●● Nursing
●● Social Work
Patients see each member of the team so their
questions can be answered by the appropriate
specialist. These visits are coordinated for their
convenience, with diagnostic testing usually done
the same day.
10 11
NEURO BASIC SCIENCE
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
●● Hematology/Oncology
●● Pediatric Cancer Program
●● Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
Medical SchoolMD, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 1973
ResidencyChildren’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, Pediatrics, 1973-75
FellowshipNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 1981-84
Board CertificationPediatrics, 1982
Joined Staff in 2001
Practice NoteGenetics, hematology/oncology, pediatric hematology, pediatric oncology.
Mark A. Israel, MD Director, Norris Cotton
Cancer Center
NEUROSURGERY
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
●● Endocrine Tumors Program
●● Hematology/Oncology
●● Lymphoma/Leukemia Program
●● Neurology
Medical SchoolMD, School of Medicine, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia, 1980
ResidenciesHospital Militar Central, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia, Rotating, 1979-80
Hospital Militar Central, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia, Neurology, 1981-84
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, Neurology, 1992-94
FellowshipsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, Neurology, 1984-85
Cornell University Medical Center/Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, Neurologic Oncology, 1985-87
Board CertificationNeurology, 2006, 1996
Joined Staff in 1995
Practice NoteNeurologic complications of systemic cancer, primary brain tumors.
Camilo E. Fadul, MDNeuro-Oncology Program Leader
NEURO-ONCOLOGY
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
●● Neurosurgery
●● Neurosurgery–Cancer
●● Surgical Oncology
Medical SchoolMD, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, 1975
InternshipUniversity of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, General Surgery, 1975-76
ResidencyDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, Neurosurgery, 1978-82
Board CertificationNeurological Surgery, 1985
Joined Staff in 1982
Practice NoteBrain tumors, epileptic disorders, stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, trigeminal neuralgia.
David W. Roberts, MDSection Chief, Neurosurgery
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
Medical SchoolMD, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 1994
InternshipSt. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, Internal Medicine, 1994-95
ResidencyUniversity of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, Neurology, 1995-98
FellowshipThe University of Texas - M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, Neuro-Oncology, 1998-99
Board CertificationNeurology, 1999, 2009
Joined Staff in 2012
Practice NoteNeuro-oncology, primary brain tumors, neurologic complications of cancer, metastatic brain tumors, end-of-life care, palliative care in neurology, headache, post-concussion care, immunologic neurological disease.
Lara Ronan, MD
OU
R T
EA
M
Brain Surgeons are Schooled in Continuous Quality ImprovementEight years ago Neuro-Oncology Program
Leader Camilo Fadul, MD, reached out to The
Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and
Clinical Practice. Dr. Fadul wanted his team
to learn from the Microsystems Academy, a
Dartmouth program that helps provider groups
improve patient care.
Mark Israel, MD, Evelyn Schlosser, MPH, RN,
and David Roberts, MD, sponsored a quality
improvement team to measure best practice
indicators. With a goal of reducing process
variation and maximizing safety and efficiency,
the group made a flow chart of how patients
enter and move through the program. From
this schematic chart, they selected the initial
diagnostic assessment and care planning phase
for the scope of their project. They established
a set of 10 best-practice indicators to measure.
During the pilot, compliance rose from 66 to
91 percent. Today the team continues to isolate
processes for quality improvement projects.
The team is now focused on acute care with
radiation and chemotherapy, adding 20 new
best practice measurements to its quality
dashboard. By involving patients and families,
the team ensures that the measurements
assessed are patient centered.
An Exceptional Professional Staff
Culture of CaringWe track key clinical outcomes and measure
performance to improve patient care and safety.
With sophisticated quality tools and approaches—
and dedicated quality experts through Dartmouth-
Hitchcock’s Value Institute—the Neuro-Oncology
program holds itself to the highest standards of
quality care.
The program uses quality improvement
performance measurements based on best practice
indicators.
12 13
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
●● Neurosurgery
●● Neurosurgery–Cancer
●● Spine Oncology Clinic
Medical SchoolMD, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 2003
InternshipDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, General Surgery, 2003-04
ResidencyDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, Neurosurgery, 2004-09
FellowshipCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, Spine Surgery, 2009-10
Joined Staff in 2010
Practice NoteCervical, thoracic and lumbar spine surgery, head and spine injuries, spinal disorders, spinal tumors.
S. Scott Lollis, MD
OU
R T
EA
M
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
●● Endocrine Tumors Program
●● Neurosurgery
●● Neurosurgery–Cancer
●● Spine
●● Surgical Oncology
Medical SchoolMD, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 1993
InternshipUniversity of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA, General Surgery, 1993-94
ResidencyUniversity of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA, Neurosurgery, 1994-2000
Board CertificationNeurological Surgery, 2003
Joined Staff in 2002
Practice NoteBrain tumors, general neurosurgery, pituitary surgery, spinal injuries, spinal surgery, spinal tumors.
Nathan E. Simmons, MD
NEUROSURGERY
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
NEURORADIOLOGY
OU
R T
EA
M
14 15
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
●● Breast Cancer Program
●● Lymphoma/Leukemia Program
●● Melanoma/Skin Cancer Program
●● Pediatric Cancer Program
●● Radiation Oncology
●● Spine Oncology Clinic
Medical SchoolMD, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 2003
EducationPhD, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 2007
ResidencyStanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, Radiation Oncology, 2004-08
Board CertificationRadiation Oncology, 2009
Joined Staff in 2008
Practice NoteBreast cancer, CNS oncology, and lymphoma.
Lesley A. Jarvis, MD, PhD
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
●● Radiation Oncology
Medical SchoolMD, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 2007
Education
PhD, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ , Cancer Biology, 2005
InternshipTucson Hospital’s Medical Education Program, Tucson, AZ, Transitional, 2007-08
ResidencyUniversity of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, Radiation Oncology, 2008-12
Joined Staff in 2012
Practice NoteIntensity modulated radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery.
Thomas C. Sroka, MD, PhD
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
●● Head & Neck Cancer Program
●● Lung/Esophageal/Thoracic Cancer Program
●● Melanoma/Skin Cancer Program
●● Pediatric Cancer Program
●● Prostate & Genitourinary Cancer Program
●● Radiation Oncology
Medical SchoolMD, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 1992
EducationPhD, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 1997
InternshipNew England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA, Medicine, 1992-93
ResidencyMassachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Radiation Oncology, 1993-98
FellowshipMassachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Radiation Oncology, 1998-99
Board CertificationRadiation Oncology, 2010,1999
Joined Staff in 2004
Practice NoteCNS oncology, genitourinary cancer, head and neck cancer, intensity modulated radiation therapy, lung tumors, prostate brachytherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery.
Alan Charles Hartford, MD, PhD
Section Chief, Radiation Oncology (Interim)
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
●● Head & Neck Cancer Program
●● Radiology
●● Radiology–Cancer
Medical SchoolMD, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 1990
InternshipAlbany Medical Center, Albany, NY, Medicine, 1990-91
ResidenciesUniversity of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL, Radiology, 1992-96
University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL, Ophthalmology, 1991-92
FellowshipJohns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, Neuroradiology, 1996-98
Board CertificationDiagnostic Radiology, 1996
Neuroradiology, 2001
Joined Staff in 2008
Clifford Belden, MDChair, Department of
Radiology
NEURORADIOLOGY
ADDITIONAL PROVIDERS
Specialty●● Neuropsychology
EducationPhD, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada 1994
InternshipLong Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, Clinical Psychology (Neuropsychology), 1991-92
FellowshipUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, Clinical Neuropsychology, 1995-97
Joined Staff in 1997
Practice NoteBrain imaging research.
Specialty●● Advanced Practice Nursing
EducationMSN, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA , 2011
Board CertificationAdult Nurse Practitioner, 2011
Joined Staff in 2011 Practice NoteHematology/Oncology Program
Lymphoma/Leukemia Program
Specialty●● Social Work
EducationUniversity of New Hampshire, MSW 1997
Board CertificationNew Hampshire Board of Mental Health Practice Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW)
Joined Staff in 1997 Practice NotePsychosocial oncology, patient and family centered care, family caregivers
Heather Wishart, PhD
Melissa C. Davis, APRN, MSN
Linda Mason, MSW, LICSW
Continuing Care Manager
Specialties●● Neuro-Oncology/Brain Tumor Program
●● Radiology
Medical SchoolMD, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 1993
EducationPhD, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 1993
InternshipUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, Internal Medicine, 1993-94
ResidencyMassachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Radiology, 1994-98
FellowshipsMassachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Neuroradiology, 1998-99
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Interventional Neuroradiology, 2004-05
Board CertificationDiagnostic Radiology, 1998
Neuroradiology, 2010, 2000
Joined Staff in 2000
Practice NoteCerebral aneurysms, AVMs, stroke, cerebral perfusion, brain tumors, head and neck tumors, interventional neuroradiology, neurointerventional surgery.
Clifford J. Eskey, MD, PhDDirector, Neuroradiology
NEURO-ONCOLOGY PROGRAMDartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center
One Medical Center DriveLebanon, NH 03756
Phone: (603) 650-6312Fax: (603) 653-0610
cancer.dartmouth.edu/brain
Expertise you Can Trust
Affiliations
A teaching and research hospital of The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth.
Optics in Medicine Laboratory at Dartmouth A program comprised of researchers at the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, and Dartmouth’s Arts and Sciences Graduate Programs. The Optics in Medicine Laboratory studies aspects of tissue spectroscopy and imaging using both visible and near-infrared light.
Designations
Norris Cotton Cancer Center is one of only 41 centers nationwide to earn this designation.
NCI Center of Quantitative Imaging Excellence One of 15 institutions identified by a National Institutes of Health peer review process for excellence in conducting clinical trials in which there is an integral molecular and/or functional advanced imaging endpoint in brain and body imaging.
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center has earned the Joint Commission’s Gold Seal of Approval.
Clinical Research Memberships
ALLIANCEFOR CLINICAL TRIALS IN ONCOLOGY
The Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology represents the merger of three legacy cooperative groups: American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG), Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB), and North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG).
NRG Oncology represents the merger of three unique and complementary research areas: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG), Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG).
ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group is a cooperative group that was formed by the merger of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN).
Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium, an international association of the Cancer Research Institute, comprised of pharmaceutical/biotech companies and academic institutions that share a common interest in immunotherapy research and development. Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network (CITN) employs the collective expertise of top academic immunologists to conduct multicenter research on immunotherapy agents capable of unleashing patient immunity to fight their cancer.