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FIRESTORM

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DARPADARPACoABS GridCoABS Grid(GITI, ISX)(GITI, ISX)

Coalition Agents eXperiment - CoAXCoalition Agents eXperiment - CoAXDARPA CoABS, AFRL, BBN, Boeing, DSTL, DREV, DSTO, Dartmouth, DARPA CoABS, AFRL, BBN, Boeing, DSTL, DREV, DSTO, Dartmouth,

Edinburgh/AIAI, LM-ATL, OBJS, QinetiQ, Michigan, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMCEdinburgh/AIAI, LM-ATL, OBJS, QinetiQ, Michigan, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMCWith support from GITI, ISX, MIT, MITRE, Schafer and Stanford Univ.With support from GITI, ISX, MIT, MITRE, Schafer and Stanford Univ.

Coalition Agents eXperiment - CoAXCoalition Agents eXperiment - CoAXDARPA CoABS, AFRL, BBN, Boeing, DSTL, DREV, DSTO, Dartmouth, DARPA CoABS, AFRL, BBN, Boeing, DSTL, DREV, DSTO, Dartmouth,

Edinburgh/AIAI, LM-ATL, OBJS, QinetiQ, Michigan, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMCEdinburgh/AIAI, LM-ATL, OBJS, QinetiQ, Michigan, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMCWith support from GITI, ISX, MIT, MITRE, Schafer and Stanford Univ.With support from GITI, ISX, MIT, MITRE, Schafer and Stanford Univ.

• Show that an Agent-based C2 framework can support agile and robust Coalition operations

• Show Domain Management services can structure agent relationships and enforce coalition policies

• Show Intelligent Task and Process Management can improve agent collaboration

• Show that the CoABS Grid can be used to rapidly integrate a wide variety of agents and systems

Agent FrameworksAgent FrameworksKAoS Agents (Boeing, IHMC)KAoS Agents (Boeing, IHMC)NOMADS Mobile Agents (IHMC)NOMADS Mobile Agents (IHMC)EMAA/CAST Agents (LM ATL)EMAA/CAST Agents (LM ATL)GMAS (Dartmouth, IHMC, LM-ATL)GMAS (Dartmouth, IHMC, LM-ATL)D’Agents (Dartmouth)D’Agents (Dartmouth)eGents (OBJS)eGents (OBJS)

Agent Grid ServicesAgent Grid ServicesTask and Task and PrProcess and Event Management (AIAI)ocess and Event Management (AIAI)Domain Management Services (Boeing, IHMC)Domain Management Services (Boeing, IHMC)Asynchronous Wireless Connectivity (OBJS)Asynchronous Wireless Connectivity (OBJS)Plan Deconfliction (Michigan)Plan Deconfliction (Michigan)

Military Military SystemsSystemsCAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN)CAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN)MBP (QinetiQ)MBP (QinetiQ)Situation Viewer (QinetiQ)Situation Viewer (QinetiQ)……

Agents on the GridAgents on the GridAODB Agent (LM ATL)AODB Agent (LM ATL)Observer Agents (Dartmouth)Observer Agents (Dartmouth)eGents E-mail Agents (OBJS)eGents E-mail Agents (OBJS)Malicious Agents (IHMC, Boeing)Malicious Agents (IHMC, Boeing)Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI)Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI)……

DARPADARPA

Expected Results

Objectives

Accomplishments and Impact

Concept

Demonstrated proof-of-concept C2 coalition architecture within a Demonstrated proof-of-concept C2 coalition architecture within a realistic coalition scenariorealistic coalition scenario

Connected disparate stand-alone military systems while taking coalition Connected disparate stand-alone military systems while taking coalition concerns into accountconcerns into account

Agent organization, behavior, security and resources managed by Agent organization, behavior, security and resources managed by explicit coalition policy controlexplicit coalition policy control

Potential influence on Joint Battle Infosphere, Joint Battlespace Potential influence on Joint Battle Infosphere, Joint Battlespace Digitisation, CINC 21, and Coalition Theatre Logistics perspectivesDigitisation, CINC 21, and Coalition Theatre Logistics perspectives

Interest from additional nations in participatingInterest from additional nations in participating

Oct 2000

July 2001

July 2002

• Information gathering for MBP• 25 agents in 5 distinct domains• Binni coalition storyboard• Planning and execution phases• 45 agents in 7 overlapping domains• Initial packaging of grid services• Realistic Binni Storyboard• Dynamic event-driven workflow• Dynamic coalition formation• Dynamic coalition scenario• High-level re-usable tools

CoAX – Coalition Agents eXperimentCoAX – Coalition Agents eXperiment

AFRL Rome, AIAI, BBN, Boeing, Dartmouth,AFRL Rome, AIAI, BBN, Boeing, Dartmouth,DREV, DSTO, Lockheed Martin ATL, Michigan,DREV, DSTO, Lockheed Martin ATL, Michigan,

OBJS, QinetiQ, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMCOBJS, QinetiQ, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMCSupport from GITI, ISX, MITRE, MIT Sloan, Schafer, StanfordSupport from GITI, ISX, MITRE, MIT Sloan, Schafer, Stanford

http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/

DARPADARPA

CoAX

CoAX/Briefing - 3

CoAXContextContext

Increasing military requirements for coalition Increasing military requirements for coalition operationsoperations

Belief that agent computational model can Belief that agent computational model can support:support: Coalition interoperability requirementsCoalition interoperability requirements Dynamic and Decentralized C3IDynamic and Decentralized C3I

International Agent Research ProgrammesInternational Agent Research Programmes US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (CoABS)US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (CoABS) UK DSTL/QinetiQ Agents ProjectUK DSTL/QinetiQ Agents Project Australian and Canadian Agents and Coalition WorkAustralian and Canadian Agents and Coalition Work TTCP C3I Groups for international involvementTTCP C3I Groups for international involvement

Need for “middleware” such as is provided by Need for “middleware” such as is provided by CoABS Grid InfrastructureCoABS Grid Infrastructure

CoAX/Briefing - 4

CoAXAim of Coalition TIEAim of Coalition TIE

To addressTo address unique aspects of coalition operations through unique aspects of coalition operations through the development and evaluation of:the development and evaluation of: agent domain management servicesagent domain management services agent task, process and event management servicesagent task, process and event management services Specific agent servicesSpecific agent services

Aim will be met through delivery of:Aim will be met through delivery of: Phased technical demonstrations of increasing complexityPhased technical demonstrations of increasing complexity Integration of diverse agent systemsIntegration of diverse agent systems Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid servicesDevelopment of generic Coalition-oriented grid services

Requirements:Requirements: Use of a wide variety of different agent systemsUse of a wide variety of different agent systems Use of existing military (non-agent) applicationsUse of existing military (non-agent) applications

CoAX/Briefing - 5

CoAX

Key Coalition DriversKey Coalition Drivers

Different cultures, doctrines, and languages:Different cultures, doctrines, and languages: Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement

and, in general, mission “agendas”and, in general, mission “agendas” Command authorities - agreement and transfersCommand authorities - agreement and transfers Different interpretation of situational informationDifferent interpretation of situational information

Incompatibility of respective national Incompatibility of respective national information systems:information systems: Different technology skill and equipment levelsDifferent technology skill and equipment levels Lack of information systems resource sharing agreementsLack of information systems resource sharing agreements Variable reliability of components and infrastructuresVariable reliability of components and infrastructures Lack of compatible security architecturesLack of compatible security architectures Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel

with limited trainingwith limited training Limited models for coalition force operationsLimited models for coalition force operations

Derived from LeRoy Pearce (Canadian MOD), 1999

CoAX/Briefing - 6

CoAXKey Technical DriversKey Technical Drivers

Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or availability of different nations systemsavailability of different nations systems

Need for partial (secure) sharing and Need for partial (secure) sharing and visualization of processes, data and facilitiesvisualization of processes, data and facilities

Need to work with agents in multiple Need to work with agents in multiple dynamically determined domainsdynamically determined domains

Need for flexible inter-agent task, process & Need for flexible inter-agent task, process & event managementevent management

Need for rapid formation, management and Need for rapid formation, management and change of agent relationshipschange of agent relationships

CoAX/Briefing - 7

CoAXDemonstration ScheduleDemonstration Schedule

1-month demo at kick-off in February 2000 showing direct connection between DERA MBP and LM ATL AODB

6-month integration milestone in July 2000 showing initial integration of selected CoAX components for year 2000 demo

CoAX Binni 2000 demo in Fall 2000: Briefing the CoAX TIE and Binni scenario Showing full integration of selected CoAX components in Binni Telling a relevant “story” about agents for information

gathering CoAX Binni 2001 demo in Fall 2001:

Fully integrating all CoAX components in a rich coalition scenario

Expanding scope to cover dynamic re-planning CoAX Binni 2002 demo in Fall 2002:

Showing dynamic aspects of coalition organization, domain management, tasking and event handling

Expanding scope to cover dynamic planning, coordination and execution.

CoAX/Briefing - 8

CoAX CoAX ComponentsCoAX Components

LAN

LAN

LANGrid DARPADARPACoABS GridCoABS Grid(GITI, ISX)(GITI, ISX)

Agent FrameworksAgent FrameworksKAoS Agents (IHMC, Boeing)KAoS Agents (IHMC, Boeing)NOMADS Mobile Agents (IHMC)NOMADS Mobile Agents (IHMC)EMAA/CAST Agents (LMEMAA/CAST Agents (LM--ATL)ATL)GMAS (Dartmouth, IHMC, LM-ATL)GMAS (Dartmouth, IHMC, LM-ATL)D’Agents (Dartmouth)D’Agents (Dartmouth)eGents (OBJS)eGents (OBJS)

Agent Grid ServicesAgent Grid ServicesTaskTask, Process, Process and Even and Event t Management (AIAI)Management (AIAI)Domain Management Services (IHMC, Boeing)Domain Management Services (IHMC, Boeing)Asynchronous Wireless Connectivity (OBJS)Asynchronous Wireless Connectivity (OBJS)Plan Deconfliction (Michigan)Plan Deconfliction (Michigan)

Military Military SystemsSystemsCAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN)CAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN)MBP (MBP (QinetiQQinetiQ))Situation Viewer (QinetiQ)Situation Viewer (QinetiQ)……

Agents on the GridAgents on the GridAODB Agent (LMAODB Agent (LM--ATL)ATL)Observer Agents (Dartmouth)Observer Agents (Dartmouth)eGents E-mail Agents (OBJS)eGents E-mail Agents (OBJS)Malicious Agents (IHMC)Malicious Agents (IHMC)Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI)Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI)……

CoAX/Briefing - 9

CoAXTechnical ContributionsTechnical Contributions

GITI - CoABS Grid InfrastructureGITI - CoABS Grid Infrastructure Boeing and UWF/IHMC- KAoS Domain ManagementBoeing and UWF/IHMC- KAoS Domain Management AIAI - Process Panels – Task, Process and Event ManagementAIAI - Process Panels – Task, Process and Event Management QinetiQ - Master Battle Planner, Interface Agents, Situation Viewer and QinetiQ - Master Battle Planner, Interface Agents, Situation Viewer and

Demonstration Systems IntegrationDemonstration Systems Integration LM ATL - EMAA/CAST AODB - Restricted Data Base AccessLM ATL - EMAA/CAST AODB - Restricted Data Base Access AFRL/BBN/GITI - CAMPS Air Logistics Support ToolAFRL/BBN/GITI - CAMPS Air Logistics Support Tool USC/ISI Ariadne - Open Information AccessUSC/ISI Ariadne - Open Information Access UWF/IHMC - NOMADS Mobile AgentsUWF/IHMC - NOMADS Mobile Agents Dartmouth - Observer AgentsDartmouth - Observer Agents Michigan – Plan Deconfliction AgentMichigan – Plan Deconfliction Agent OBJS – eGents (e-mail connected Field Agents) and MBNLI (natural OBJS – eGents (e-mail connected Field Agents) and MBNLI (natural

language interface wrappers) language interface wrappers) BBN – TBD for 2002 DemoBBN – TBD for 2002 Demo DSTO – TBD for 2002 DemoDSTO – TBD for 2002 Demo DREV –TBD for 2002 DemoDREV –TBD for 2002 Demo

CoAX/Briefing - 10

CoAX CoAX Demo EmphasisCoAX Demo Emphasis

Initial Planning

• Political aims• Military guidance• Campaign planning• Commander's intent• Deployment

Recovery

• Conflict resolution• Re-deployment• Peace support

Execution

• Variable Organizations• An opponent• Campaign re-planning• Short-notice taskings• Operation execution• Execution monitoring• Reporting / feedback• Outcome assessment

LinearLinear

Focus of theCoAX Binni 2000

Demo

Dynamic / iterativeuncertain

Focus of theCoAX Binni 2001

Demo

CoAX Binni 2002 DemoCovers all the above, plus greater levels of dynamic response and adaptation

to changes in Coalition structures, capabilities and services.

CoAX/Briefing - 11

CoAXNew Parts in 2001 DemoNew Parts in 2001 Demo

• Generic servicesGeneric services• IHMC/Boeing - Domain management - KAoS Grid Helper for IHMC/Boeing - Domain management - KAoS Grid Helper for

easy integration of any grid agent, use of resource and easy integration of any grid agent, use of resource and conversation management to up pace, integration with grid conversation management to up pace, integration with grid security services, hierarchical domains, DAML-based KAoS security services, hierarchical domains, DAML-based KAoS Policy RepresentationPolicy Representation

• AIAI/QinetiQ - Task/process/event management - multiple AIAI/QinetiQ - Task/process/event management - multiple panels, issue passing, reporting, more generic approach, XML panels, issue passing, reporting, more generic approach, XML process models, initial process librarian, “catch-all” for any process models, initial process librarian, “catch-all” for any issue and report (in simple way), can use partial knowledgeissue and report (in simple way), can use partial knowledge

• New Agent Communications MechanismsNew Agent Communications Mechanisms• OBJS - eGents e-mail and wireless/untethered agentsOBJS - eGents e-mail and wireless/untethered agents• Dartmouth/IHMC/LM-ATL - GMAS mobile agentsDartmouth/IHMC/LM-ATL - GMAS mobile agents

• New functional partsNew functional parts• Michigan - Plan Deconfliction AgentMichigan - Plan Deconfliction Agent• Dartmouth - Observer AgentsDartmouth - Observer Agents• OBJS – MBNLI natural language data base queriesOBJS – MBNLI natural language data base queries• QinetiQ – Interface Agents and Semantic Interoperability (XSLT)QinetiQ – Interface Agents and Semantic Interoperability (XSLT)• All - Shared models and messages in XML formatAll - Shared models and messages in XML format

CoAX/Briefing - 12

CoAX CoAX Binni 2002CoAX Binni 2002 (Fall 2002) Demo Plan (Fall 2002) Demo Plan

Dynamic “come as you are” coalition formation Dynamic creation of ‘virtual coalition organization’ Agents and domains added to coalition structure ‘on-the-fly’ Dynamic coalition tasks and processes

Tailored visualizations / interface agents Tools to improve human / software agent interaction High-level tools usable without specialized training Packaged generic Grid services:

Domain management and DAML-based policy analysis Task, process, and event management

Involvement of more countries and organizations USA – BBN – Mixed initiative agents & dynamic information flow Australia – DSTO – Logistics planning and information analysis Canada – DREV - discussions begun

CoAX/Briefing - 13

CoAXSummarySummary

Coalition operations is a matter of high concern Coalition operations is a matter of high concern for the military and a great proving ground for for the military and a great proving ground for agent researchagent research

Binni provides mature rich source of realistic Binni provides mature rich source of realistic scenario datascenario data

Actual military tools used in true cross-national Actual military tools used in true cross-national collaboration—hope to expand to additional collaboration—hope to expand to additional nations in the futurenations in the future

Nineteen partners cooperating in phased Nineteen partners cooperating in phased technical integration demonstratorstechnical integration demonstrators

CoABS Grid provides necessary interoperabilityCoABS Grid provides necessary interoperability Significant new research issues being addressed Significant new research issues being addressed

of both theoretical and practical significanceof both theoretical and practical significance

CoAX/Briefing - 14

CoAXSpare SlidesSpare Slides

Explanation of TTCP StructureExplanation of TTCP Structure

CoAX/Briefing - 15

CoAX CoAX Demonstration to TTCPCoAX Demonstration to TTCP

The Technical Coordination Program (TTCP)The Technical Coordination Program (TTCP) Australia, Canada, New Zealand, UK, USAAustralia, Canada, New Zealand, UK, USA Composed of Heads of Defense Research & Defense Organizations Composed of Heads of Defense Research & Defense Organizations (e.g.: (e.g.:

DUSD S&T from USA)DUSD S&T from USA) Collaboration in Defense Scientific & Technical Information and Shared Collaboration in Defense Scientific & Technical Information and Shared

Research ActivitiesResearch Activities Demonstrated September 2000 to Panel 9 and Action Group 2 Demonstrated September 2000 to Panel 9 and Action Group 2 October 2001 Meeting, Panel 9/Action Group 2 Reviews ProgressOctober 2001 Meeting, Panel 9/Action Group 2 Reviews Progress

Command, Control, Communications & Information Systems GrowPanel 6: Space & UAV Communications Panel 8: Networking & CommunicationsPanel 9: Command & Control (C2)Systems ApplicationsPanel 10: Distribute Information Systems TechnologyPanel 11: Information Assurance & Defensive Information WarfareAction Group 2: Information FusionAction Group 3: Information Visibility

TTCP PrincipalsUS is DUSD S&T - Delores Etter

SecretariatC2 GroupExecutive Chair: Ray Urtz of AFRL

National Representatives

Technical Panel 9Chair: Ian Fuss DSTO

National LeadersTeam Members

Action Group 2Chair: Dale Lambert DSTO

National LeadersTeam Members

Level I

Level II

Level III

Washington Deputies