VOLUME 94, NUMBER 35 MIT,' CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1974 FIVE CENTS

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RNews Analysis

f v - .A d It as _<Still wearing his protest sign, Hon Wallace, a New York chemist, isled to the police paddy wagon after his arrest at a Draper Laboratorydemonstration last F;riday afternoon. Pioto by Tom Ktimowicz

"Continmuous News ServiceSince 1881"

"He who gets sucked into gastank of-car will end up ex-hausted." ,-AnonymousI --- - -. , - --

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said one participant.After four demonstrators

gave short speeches to the hand-ful of Draper personnel, Cam-bridge Police, reporters and

v

lar was sent to Albert G. Hill,chairman of the board of DraperLabs and MIT Vice President forResearch, formally informinghim of the group's plans.

Draper officials responded tothe circular, according to JosephO'Conner, Executive Assistantto the President of Draper Labs,"by notifying the Cambridge po-lice about what it said." Thepolice were on hand during theentire demonstration.

A Draper Lab official wasquoted as saying that while hedid not question their right todemonrstrate, he thought theclaims of the Scientists AgainstWar Research were "naive andunrealistic."

Members of the group de-clared at the outset of the dem-onstration that they were aware

{Please turn to page 3)

rested early Friday afternoon byCambridge police while attempt-ing to block an entrance toDraper Laboratory during a de-monstration against guidancesystem research done there.

The two demonstrators,David Siegal, a Harvard graduatestudent in chemistry, and RonWallace, a physical chemist fromNew York City were taken tothe Third District Court wherethey were arraigned on "dis-orderly person" charges.

They were released into thecustody of a probation officerand are expected to reappear atthe court on Oct 11, accordingto court officials.

The demonstrators' intentionwas to link aTms in front of theentrance to the lab and notmove until arrested, Siegal latertold The Tech. The police hadapparently been under the falseimpression that the two demon-strators wished to force theirway into the lab, he added.

The demonstration beganpeacefully around noon as abouteight members of SclentistsAgainst War Research strung apicket line in front of DraperLab Building 5 on Osborne

passers-by, Wallaceturned toward thethe lab, indicatingtion to seal it off.immediately seizedsearched, and toldWallace, who had

and Siegalentrance totheir inten-They wereby police,

their rights.delivered a

booming and passionate speechearlier, was thrust against aparked car.

Ten minutes later a paddywagon arrived which escortedthe two to Cambridge policeheadquarters at Central Squarewhere they were booked.

On Monday of last week acircular was distributed aroundMIT by Scientists Against WarResearch which stated its inten-

_vA'' 4A Cambridge policernan holds David'Siegal, a Harvard Universitygraduate student, just after Siegal was arrested for disorderlyconduct at a demonstration last Friday. Behind Siegal is a DraperLaboratory executive. Photo by Tom Klimowicz

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problemnsas built students to run their liveids and selves while at the san

would trying to impress be)day. rules. The problem is "at plan- they deal with us" asnter be- what they decide.ude stu-id, is an Someone else restatconsult 'point: the DSA obviot

ed that the legal right to set do:itecture lations, but, while expecildings." dents to behave like aded that DSA does not routeogressed complaint back throu

house government (Jubut makes the decision on itsown.

Several students felt that theDSA might best be totally re-moved from the judicial process.In a past debate, the Committeehad agreed that an ,overlap in theroles was bad and had removedthe DSA from its job as prosecu-

(Please turni to page 2)

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ted thisusly hasrm regu-:ting stu-ults, thea dormlgh thedcomm)

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,sthihdisciplined as the Orientals."

Offerings in judo and karatethrough the Athletic Depart-ment are introductory coursesdesigned, Chassey said, "to givethe student a feel for what thesport is all about." Fundamentalskills such as falling techniques,as well as five or six basicthrows, are taught in the judocourse. A karate student willlearn elementary blocks, kicks,and punches, and by the end ofthe quarter will be able to com-bine them -into what Chasseydescribed as "a pre-arranged rou-tine." Freestyle fighting is notdone in the physical educationclasses.

Those who desire to pursueone of these arts on a more

{Please turn to page 3)

Ace 0 t

arf inr fietion for most MIT students.

However, participation can besatisfying bothil as a disciplineand a form of relaxation, accord-ing to Terry Gibbs '73, presidentof the Goju Karate Club. Thisorganization, founded by BruceShawn Buckley, AssistantProfessor of MechanicalEngineering, in March, 1973,meets in the Student Center buthas no affiliation with MIT.

Instructor Harvis Cosby, asecond degree black belt, toldThe Tech he attempts to incor-porate some elements of Orien-tal philosophy behind this formof Japanese karate into thesport. He believes that the artcan help to develop powers ofconcentration, although henoted "We Americans are not as

By Lucy Everett While the interest in oriental

philosophy and methods of self-defense reflected in recent mo-vies and on television has spreadto the MIT campus, the martialarts are given a recreational em-phasis here.

"We don't teach self-defense;it is practiced as a sport," saidProfessor Wil Chassey, MIT wres-tling coach, who currently in-structs 125 students in TaeKwan Do, a Korean form ofkarate. Chassey will teach a judocourse during the second quar-ter. "If students want to learnself-defense, I advise them tobuy a pair of track shoes," Chas-sey said, explaining that masteryof karate or judo requires toolong a period to serve this func-

it""" -AvvmTwo arrested protestingDaper LCb 'wPar resear ch

~t .Z Ig i~b - By Michael Garry Street near-MIT. The picketers tion to hold what was called "anI ~~ ~ Two members of Scientists hoped to confront Draper Lab act of nonviolent civil disobed-

az~~ ^ _Against War Research were ar- employees returning from lunch, ience." Siegal said that the circu-

tueents aCir DSi{As the special session of the the Student Center waDSA Visiting Committee was 100% with alumni funmeant to be a free and open that a similar buildingdiscussion, The Tech has witheld cost about $20 million tothe names of the students One student said thamaking various comments while ning for the new Arts Ceotrying to present the discussion ing considered must inchand attribute it to various inter- dent input: Kresge, he sa[est groups. - Editor) example of failure to

By Storm Kauffman students. He also noteThe Visiting Committee of "you can't let an arch

the Office of the Dean for Stu- student design MIT buident Affairs heard students air The group was reassuntheir complaints about the DSA planning had not yet preat a special meeting last Friday. very far.

At the conclusion of the100-minute meeting, most mem- Placement of new fac:bers of the committee seemed a problem because of tlagreed that the widespread dis- city of open ground. Brigsatisfaction expressed was an in- is already too small anddication that the DSA was not the Killian Court is gre;functioning properly. The Corm- stricted. A Committee rmittee will probably return next pointed out that they Iterm to review the DSA role ex- ways been interested intensively. Briggs Field for athletics.

Undergraduate Association gestion was made thatPresident Steve Wallman arran- the land of the old Simpiged the special session to follow & Cable Co. might p.rovia discussion of support and ger amount of new athletspace needs for student activi- (though MIT has promties. All members of the Deans' not remove any more laroffice were requested to leave to the Cambridge tax rolls permit students to submit their what such utilization wotcriticisms -in an open atmos- Students seemed to feel tpheoe. slight extra distance wo

At least five 'separate com- be much of a deterrentplaints were made, with students use. Another Committetexplaining situations in which ber thought that activitiethey felt they had been wronged be able to use existingby the DSA. No resolution was space, such asreached, but the members of the phony Hall, at a lesser rCommittee seemed concerned MIT than that of a new band interested in the students' At this point, a studerstatements. Possible action may the group to address itbe taken when the Committee more controversial iss:makes direct report directly to stated that the'DSA "scthe MIT Corporation. know what is right for st

The special session began and ignores student inpwith a discussion of student acti- example, in the currentvities. Committee Chairman D. of the -Institute- HouseReid Weedon, Jr. '41 noted that tions, the Deans seem to

PAGE 2 TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1974 THE TECH

By Mike McNameeA special committee of

dormitory and fraternity officerswill meet next week to considercharges of violations of rushguidelines during Residence/Orientation Week.

Six complaints will be con-sidered by the group, whichconsists of representatives forthe Inter-Fraternity Council andthe Dormitory Conference, asviolations against a special codeof rush guidelines laid down lastyear by the two governingbodies.

.The guidelines were approvedlast year in an attempt to settle.fraternity charges that dormi-tories were trying to rush fresh-men, making it more difficultfor the fraternities to get themembers they need.

Three of the charges to beconsidered are against BakerHouse, which was also chargedwith rush violations last year,

News AnalwysisX

(Continued from page 1)ter of students. One Committeemember seemed disturbed thatthe DSA was apparently leaningback to its old dual roles.

Another symptom of thesame problems was offered: theDSA consistently attempts toblock. the organization of stu-dent social events on thegrounds -that some sort of.trouble will, develop. Neitherside changes its arguments untilthe Campus Patrol okays theactivity and it goes on asscheduled. A student wonderedwhy the DSA, which is supposedto represent the student in-terests, is the more conservativeat such times.

Minority affairsMemrbers of the Black Stu-

dents Union (BSU) remarked onthe decision to appoint Mrs.Clevonne Turner as temporaryreplacement for Assistant DeanMary Hope (see The Tech 9/27).Saying that the DSA is "notrespecting students," a studentnoted that Hope has become the"only person black students canrelate to." He- complained thatDean for Student Affairs CarolaEisenberg had favored Turnerand had really hired her beforeinviting the BSU to come in andinterview her. "We need some-body who knows the Instituteand knows it now," he con-cluded.

Another BSU student wasbitter that the organization getsno funding. The BSU realizesthat Finboard has a tight budget,he said, but BSU is in debt$1600 due to the policy ofproviding no operating subsidyto organizations which do nothave open membership. In addi-tion, the DSA curfew of about

according to DormCon 'JudicialCommittee Chairman MikeLevine '75. The other chargeswere filed by Baker against fra-t e rnities and rlush officials,Levine told The Tech.

The charges are:- Baker House distributed

pamphlets at or shortly after theFreshman Picnic, advertising aBaker party to be held that night(according to rush rules, rushcan only start after the picnic,and the guidelines set up lastyear forbade advertising dormparties outside of the dorms or"designated areas".)

- Baker House put postersadvertising a party on KresgeAuditorium, which had not beendesignated for party advertising.

- Baker House excluded JoanLund '77, DormCon R/O Co-ordinator and a member of thereview committee, from a partyin the dorm.

- Announcements from

midnight has essentially closedWalker to BSU use because mostsuccessful events run from 1 lpmto 3am.

There is no program ofparticular interest to black stu-dents, one black said. The Com-mission on Minority Educationsuggested more than a year and ahalf ago that an Office forMinority Affairs be set up.Basically, the BSU complained,the DSA "is not helping blackstudents get through MIT." A40% drop-out rate among blackstudents was cited, and the lackof supportive services wasoffered as a major reason.

There is no place where blackstudents can get together (theBSU Lounge in Walker being toosmall), noted one black. He saidthat there have also been in-stances where he has beenharassed and asked for his ID,while whites accompanying himhad not been questioned.

A Committee member said hehad been told that the MinorityOffice had been hung up andthat the Chancellor's Office washandling things. The BSU saidthat dissension had arisen overthe DSA's desire that the minor-ity officer report to the Dean: ifthe DSA had been doing its jobthere would be no need for aspecial office. A search commit-tee was supposed to start lastmonth but has not; a studentcomplained about "a lot of foot-dragging" A compromise wasreached in which. the minorityofficer would report to Associ-ate Provost Hartley Rogers, butnow the DSA claims. that thereport of the Commission on Mi-nority Affairs is invalid becausethe DSA has changed since itwas released.

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Baker were excluded from theDaily Confusion, a publicationput out by the R/O Committeewhich carries schedules of eventsfor freshmen.

- Several fraternities postedadvertisements of parties insidethe dormitories - a "clear con-tradiction of written and verbalagreements," according to thecharge by Baker officers.

- Two members of a frater-nity came into a Baker Houseparty, refused to show identi-fication, and attempted-to rushfreshmen in Baker, officers ofthat dorm charge.

The three complaints againstBaker were filed by Lund, IFCChairman Peter Mancuso '74(SPE), and IFC Rush ChairmanKen Bachman '75 (PiKA) all ofwhom are members of thbspecial committee. The fullgroup will consider each of thecharges.

(Please turn to page 3)

Coed housingA brother of PiKA explained

how the DSA decided to notpermit his house to go coed. Thehouse was told that it must rushfive upperclass women and sub-mit a detailed proposal. TheDSA then denied the applicationbecause the Admissions Officepredicted 210 women, the DSAexpected only 190, and if therewere less than 180 then therewouldn't be enough women tofill the other coed living groups.Subsequently, stability of othercoed houses was offered as areason, but PiKA was assuredthat there was nothing wrongabout their particular house.Later, however, the DSAclaimed that fears for the stabi-lity of PiKA were at least a thirdof the reason for the rejection.

Other complaintsAn objection was raised over

the handling of the recentstrikes. Especially hard hit arestudent employees in the diningservice, one student said, but allstudents are being adversely af-fected. The DSA should helpstudents through the strike rath-er than worrying about pets, hesuggested.

One other example of theDSA not listening to studentofficials was the role of House-master Steve Senturia in McCor-mick House. It was felt that theDSA had again ignored studentinput in making its decision.

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TUESDA Y, OCTOBER1 -

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Alan L. Otten, Senior National Correspondent, Washingtoni Bureau,for The Wall Street Journal

WEDNESDA Y, OCTOBER 2-

THE MYTH OF PRESIDENTIAL OMNIPOTENCERespondent: Alan L. Otten

THURSDA Y, OCTOBER 3-

THE SINEWS OF PRESIDENTIAL ACCOUNTABILITYRespondents: Jeffrey L. Pressman, Political Science, M,.. T.

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Group tocnier rush rules(Continued from page 2)

The committee has no powersof enforcement- or means ofpenalizing the offenders, Levinesaid. "We will just have to hopethat distributing a report onthese problems will lead to someaction to'improve:the situation,"he said.

That action might include anattempt by IFC members to putsome teeth into the guidelines,according to IFC.Judicial Com-mittee Chairman Mark Suchon'76. "Most fraternity peoplefavor enforcement of rules onrush, not just guidelines,'Suchon said. "Fraternities areunder enforcement, so why can'tdorms be, too?"

Levine said that he felt thecurrent problems were in part "a

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Three lectures on "The Pres-idency After Watergate" will begiven in, Kresge Auditorium to-day, Wednesday, and Thursday,from 5: 15 to 6:40pm each day.

,Featured speaker at the pro-grams will be Theodore C.Sorenson, a former special assis- -tant to President John F. Ken-nedy.

The lectures are sponsored bythe MIT Political ScienceDepartment, the Technologyand Cultiire Seminars, and theMIT Press, which is publishingthe record of the lectures as abook this winter.

Respondents to Sorenson'saddresses- will be Anthony-Lewis, national correspondent,the 'New' York Times, AlanOtten, national correspondent,the Wall Street Journal; As§s-tant Professor of Policital Sci-ence Jefiery Pressman; andAssociate Dean Richard E.

Neustadt of the Kennedy Schoolof Government at HarvardUniversity.

Topics and respondents foreach of the three sessions are:today, The Past .as Prologue,Lewis and Otten responding;Wednesday, The Myth of Presi-dential Omnipotence, Otten re-spornding; and Thursday, TheSinews of Presidential Accounta-bility, Pressman and Neustadtresponding.

The MIT Invitational DebateTournament, being held Friday,Oct.4 through Sunday, Oct. 6,will also address the Presidency,with the topic of the debatebeing: Resolved: That the Power'of the Presidency Should BeSignificantly curtailed.

The MIT contest, the firstmajor debate on the collegiatecircuit this year, will draw 60two-person teams from all overthe country to compete.

Photo by Russ Johnston

big aO A ITt[th de- routes to.the mastery of the art,on the Even as each teacher 'in a

avail- given academic field has devel-e MIT oped an individualistic style,waiting Chassey explained, the instruc-nstitu- tor in judo, karate, or kung fuitute- will exhibit basic differences inid the execution depending on his'own

training. "But take two expertsization trom dlrerent styles of karate>one of and put them in a freestyle'multi- tournament," he contiued;ise the "and they will appear almost thefferent same." I

athletic faculty and a fifgree black belt, competes intercollegiate level. Alsoable on campus are theKung Fu Club, which is avapproval of a proposed co:tion to become an Instiaffiliated organization, anShotokan Karate Club.

Basically,- each organideals in a specific style of the martial arts. While theplicity of styles may confubeginner, they are -all dif

(Continued from page 1)advanced level rnay take advan-tage of numerous activities a-round the Institute. The MITJudo Club, which is coached byHarry Yanagi, a member of the

(Contihued from page 1)of the lik{lihood of arrest as aconsequenme of carrying outtheir propsed plans. One mem-

-ber, Robet Hamm, a Harvardgraduate student in psychology;said he an the other-members"expected nd were prepared tobe arrested

Scientist' Against :War Re-search, established in April byHarvard students and professors,has been addressing itself almostexclusively to Draper 'Labs. Itsimmediate.aim, according to thecircular hhnlded out Monday, "isto urge Draler Lab employees toleave the lab and to start newjobs devoting their skills to thepeaceful ends of technology."

"'We are iworking," the circu-lar continues, "for a society inwhich the development of themeans of mass murder is notviewed as an acceptable careerfor scientists and engineers."

The particular type of re-search done in Draper Labs thatthe group is denouncing is thedevelopment' of guidance sys-tems for strategic missiles andfire-control systems for tacticalweapons. Current projects cited

in the circular include a guidancesystem for the Trident sub-marine-launched missile, high5-accuracy multiple-warheadmissiles, and stabilization sys-tems for military aircraft.

The group has conductedsemi-weekly picket lines in frontof some of the Draper Labora-tories since its inception inApril. This is the first time,

funds because "this is basically'aprofessional ethics issue!- wefeel that scientists and enigineersare trustees of skills andl know-

tledge and it is their respon-sibility not to misuse tho~e skillsand knowledge by rmaking weap-ons." i

"Besides," he added, "rve feelthat the individual is responsiblefor the outcome of this Work. Itwas shown at the NuremburgTrials that war crimes are com-mitted by men, not by abstractentities."

A man who identified tiimselfas a researcher at Draper Labstold The Tech that he had "noqualms" about doing war-relatedresearch. "If I knew there:was ateam in Russia which was just asconcerned about war research,"he said, "then I might go alongwith more of it [the philosophyof Scientists Against War Re-search ] ."

Another Draper employeesaid that the group should "talkto people in government and getthe members of the nuclear' clubto come to an agreement onarmaments."

Tihe Historic OLD VILNA SHUL i16 Phillips St., Beacon Hill, Boston

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accordinggroup. hasillegal asstration.

Siegalweek thatpersuadedat DraperHe added

to Hamm, that theengaged in anythingpart of its demon-

told The Tech lastthe group has thus farone technical workerLabs to quit his job.that any Draper Lab I

c

worker who quits at the group'surging is referred to the Associa-tion of Technical Professionalsfor aid in finding another posi-tion. The latter organization isnot affiliated with ScientistsAgainst War Research, he said.

Siegal mentioned that, thegroup's protests are directed atDraper Labs and its employeesrather than at the governmentofficials who set defense policyand provide defense research

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clash of personalities" betweendormitory and fraternityofficers. Bake'. has been involvedin most of the fraternity's com-plaints, he said, because "it'sout-front, obvious, and a bigdorm - it draws attention.

Suchon agreed, saying thatBaker "seems to be the one thatcauses the friction."

The report of the committeewill be distributed to dor.mi-tories, Deans for StudentAffairs, and fraternities, Levinesaid. But Levine said he was"'not optimistic" about actionthat might result from thereport: "Conciliation may soundgood in May, but it usually

won't work in September.""Hopefully, the Dean's office

will take note of the report, andwe can get something done,"Suchon said. "We just want toget all the facts out in theopen."

Suchon said that the IFCJudicial Committee will meetwithin a week to consider threecharges brought by fraternitiesagainst other fraternities. Theseinclude two charges by EpsilonTheta, against Theta Delta Chiand Delta Psi (No. 6 Club), and acharge by Delta Kappa Epsilonagainst Theta Xi.

Suchon refused to commenton the substance of the charges.

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Since 1881Vol. XCIV, No. 35 Tuesday, October 1, 1974

Barb Moore '75; ChairpersonStorm Kauffman '75; Editor-in-Chief

John Hanzel '76; Managing EditorNorman Sandler '75; Executive- EditorLeonard Tower Jr.; Acting Bus. Mgr.

Second Class postage paid at Boston, Massachu-setts. Thte Teeh is published twice a week duringthe college year (except during college vacations)and once during the first week of August by TheTech Room W20-483, MIT Student Center, 84Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachu-setts 02139. Telephone: Area Code 617,253-154 1. United States Mail subscription rates:$5.00 for one year, $9.00 for two years.Interdepartmental: $3.00 for one year.H - II ' ' ~ ,I _ ._

THE WIZARD OF ID by Brant parker and Johnny hart

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PAGE 4 TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1,1974 THE TECH

In Case of Insomnia -

0 .. v. the DSABy Storm Kauffman

For me to do two columns in a rowabout the same subject would tend toseem excessive, but the discussion at thespecial student gripe session with theVisiting Committee of the Office of theDean for Studerit Affairs {see story pageI) emphasizes the fact that something isnot quite right.

One could, of course, write the sessionoff as just a group of students pissed offwith the DSA: the people who are satis-fied did not show up and, therefore, werenot heard. This is technically correct asmany, probably the majority, of thestudents have no dealing with the DSA(except initial frosh dorm assignments)and naturally have nothing to complainabout. .

I could be exceptionally pessimisticand point out that'these students simplyhave not given the DSA the opportunityto screw them, but that would be over-stating the problem. Still, many of thosewho must go to a Dean for some reasonleave dissatisfied. This is an indicationthat the DSA is not performing its properfunction.

The primary complaint, especiallyfrom the students in the house andactivity governments, is that the DSAfails to solicit student input, does not payattention to student input wizen they doget it, and circumvents the student judi-cial structure.

I believe that the DSA does, to someextent, try to actively solicit studentopinions. However, I have seen numerousexamples in which they then turnedaround and totally ignored the students.It is not the fact that the decision wentthe wrong way which is nearly as ag-gravating as their pretending to be inter-ested and then apparently tossing thesuggestions in the trash.

Basically, the DSA does not dealhonestly with the students it is supposedto consult and advise. If the BSU versionof the appointment of Mrs. ClevonneTurner is correct (the BSU claims theirrepresentatives were called in to interviewTurner after Dean for Student AffairsCarola Eisenberg had already decided tohire her), it is a clear example of what Ican only call a two-faced policy fordealing with undergraduates. After all,why ask anyone's opinion if you alreadyhave your mind made up?

The same tendency is obvious In thedecision on which living groups were togo coed this year. From the start, theDSA was not in favor of PiKA, Chi Phi,or MacGregor, and, sure enough, thesethree were shut out. Why did the resi-dents have to operate in the hopes ofgoing coed if the DSA had already de-cided that Baker would be the one?

Meddling in the judicial process is alsonoisome to most students. The dorm andfraternity Judcomm system has func-tioned well over the years - annually IFCJudcomm successfully settles interhoulsedisputes and dormitory Judcomms handlethe complaints of their residents. How-ever, every once in a while, someoneleaves the student structure and com-plains directly to the DSA. Once again,the DSA seems to -turn a deaf ear on oneside, ruling in favor of the party whosecase most closely complies with Instituteregulations regardless of the arguments.

But, in any case, does the DSA havethe right to stick its officious nose inwhat is actually a totally internal matter?As long as the building is not beingdestroyed nor students committing feder-al crimes, why should the DSA be the oneto decide what is right for the group?.Itmakes far more sense for the studentswho run the house or system government(dorms or frats) to make the decision andenforce. The interference of an outsider isonerous, even when well intentioned.

profile" of Ellsberg similar to those itkeeps on foreign leaders, for HIunt's use(see box below).

AHll these activities would be just a partof the pattern of the "White House hor-rors" revealed through Watergate if therewere not such a clear legalrule prohibitingthe CIA from involvement in domesticoperations. The National Security Act of1947, which comprises the agency's basiccharter, clearly states that the CIA will notbe allowed any operations within the bor-ders of the United States: "the agency shallhave no police, subpoena, law-enforcement powers, or internal securityfunctions." That amendment was added tothe act after many Congressmen expressedfear that they were creating "a Gestapo" inthe CIA.

The legislative history of the act indi-cates that the Congressional founders oftheCIA clearly intended that any domesticcounter-espionage or intelligence be theprovince of the FBI - an agency that is farmore accountable, both to Congress and tothe public, than the CIA.

But despite these prohibitions, the CIAhas long been active within the borders ofthis country - almost as active as it hasbeen overseas, where it is supposed tooperate. The list of CIA domestic opera-tions which have been exposed by Con-gress or the press is almost as long as the listof foreign covert operations that have beenuncovered. However, the implications ofthe domestic list are far more chilling. -

Almost since its formation in 1947, theCIA has befriended ethnic and emigregroups in the United States. Groups repre-senting such Eastern European ethnics asEstonians. Lithuanians, Hungarians, andPoles received aid from a $100,000 CIAfund as part of the agency's campaign to"roll back" the Iron Curtain. Similar ar-rangements with Cuban ermigres during the1960's were common knowledge in Miami,home for four of the five Watergate bur-glars.

The agency was not content just to fundthese groups; it meddled with their internalorganization, as in the 1964 case where thenational Commander of the Legion ofEstonian Liberation sued another Estonianfor slander - specifically, for stating thatthe commander was an agent of the Sovietintelligence agency, the KGB. Then-Director of Central Intelligence RichardHelms revealed in a series of affadavits thatthe slander had been ordered by the CIA,and said that the slanderer was a CIAemployee. The suit was dismissed.

The CIA, while denying that it hassubstantial domestic interests, found itnecessary in 1964 to establish a specialsection, the Domestic Operations Divi-sion, to keep track of domestic activities.Headquartered in downtown Washington ablock from the White House, the DomesticDivision is believed to be the "home base"for the CIA's net of recruiters, agents,and front organizations in cities aroundthe country (including an office in TechSquare, Cambridge). Agency officials inthe past have side-stepped questions aboutthis facet of CIA activities since its veryname contradicts the legislative purpose inthe foundation of the CIA.

The Agency denies reports that it isinvolved in domestic activities beyond thescope of Watergate. The'Domestic Opera-tions Division, it asserts, is a coordinationpoint for its domestic contact service, de-signed to maintain liason with foreign-emi-gre groups (such as Cuban refugees) as partof its effort to collect legitimate intelli-gence.

(Please turn to page 6)

By Norman D. Sandler andMichael D. McNamee

(Third in a four-part series)One of the most appalling incidents to

emerge during the two-year exposure ofthe Watergate scandal was how the Nixonadministration, among its other transgres-sions, attempted to involve the Americanintelligence community - and especiallythe CIA - in domestic operations againstNixon's "enemies."

Domestic surveillance of radical andleft-wing groups, the use of such illegaltactics as mail searches and breaking-and-entering, and infiltration of studentmovements were among the suggestionsput forward by White House aide TomCharles Huston in July, 1970, in a memooutlining what later became known as the

"Huston Plan." Huston wanted to see theintelligence community coordinated in agigantic effort to wipe out all domesticopposition to Nixon - despite the illega-lity of the tactics and the violations ofconstitutional rights involved. That plan,apparently received Presidential approvalbefore the late FBI director I. EdgarHoover used his influence to force theWhite House to drop it.

But the end of the Huston Plan was notthe end of attempts to misuse the intelli-gence community, as revealed by the expo-sure of CIA aid to White House "Plumber"E. Howard Hunt (a former CIA officer whoparticipated in the Bay of Pigs operation)in the break-in.at the office of Dr. LewisFielding, Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist.The CIA also prepared a "psychological

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The CIA, Watergate, and EllsbergOn June 17, 1972, five men illegally entered the offices of the Democratic

National Headquarters in the Watergate Hotel, armed with cameras and electronicsurveillance equipment.

Within 48 hours, Richard Helms, then Director of the Central IntelligenceAgency, was awakened "in the wee hours of the morning" by a telephone call froma CIA security officer. Helms was informed that of the men under investigation inconnection with the Watergate break-in a majority had CIA connections and onewas still on payroll.

The CIA did not plan the Watergate break-in. Nixon supporters on the SenateWatergate Committee last year found it attractive to suggest the mission had been aCIA covert action, de-emphasizing the role of the White House - and of thePresident - in suggesting and authorizing the Watergate operation.

The CIA did play a significant role in events leading up to the Watergate break-inand in the subsequent cover up that swept through the Executive Branch for almosttwo years.

It is known, for example, that the CIA provided Hunt with materials used in theplanning and perhaps execution of a burglary at the offices of Dr. Fielding.

The assistance given. to Hunt was discussed at the highest levels of the CIA,although Helms last year testified under oath he and other CIA officials knewnothing about the use of the materials.

Senator (John) Sparkman: . . . you say you knew nothing about the action thatwas going on so far as Dr. Ellsberg and Dr. Fielding were concerned; is that right?

Mr. Helms: Yes, sir.Senator Sparkman: You had no knowledge of it?Mr. Helms: Absolutely none, Senator Sparkman.

Senator {J. W.) Fullbright: The Agency was aware that Hunt and (G. Gordon)Liddy were preparing to commit a crime, were they not?

Mr. Helms: They were not, to the best of my knowledge. I never heard anybodyat the Agency mention any such thing ... To the best of our knowledge, no crimeswere contemplated, nobody had given us the slightest indication that anythingunderhanded was afoot..

During a lengthy discussion at CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia earlier thisyear, we were told by one Agency official that CIA involvement in Watergate wentbeyond its legal authority. "The provisioning of Howard Hunt, at the time it wasdone," said the official, "was done in a process of acretion, with no knowledge ofthe use to which that stuff might be applied."

Once the CIA discovered how the equipment had been used, the Watergate'cover-up expanded. On January 16, 1973, Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfieldrequired that all evidentiary materials at CIA relating to Watergate be retainedfor an eventual Senate investigation. Yet, less than one week later Helms orderedthat evidence, including numerous taped conversations, destroyed as a matter ofroutine.

During secret hearings last year, the Senate Watergate Committee learned thatHelms had ordered the destruction of tapes as well as telephone transcripts and logswhich had been in his possession. Helms became one of many Nixon Admini-stration officials who were to obstruct justice before the Watergate investigationreached its peak earlier this year.

THE TECH TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1,1974 PAGE 5

By Peter Peckarsky© 1974 by Peter Peckarsky

A funny thing happened to RichardNixon on the way tojail; he passed "Go"and collected $450,000.

On Sunday morning,:,September 8,when Gerald Ford created his ow'n credi-bility gap and gave the press someone elseto kick around (the previous footballhaving been involuntarily retired to SanClemernte), he murdered the concept ofequal justice under the law. The full, free,and absolute pardon granted to the un-indicted co-conspirator did not constitutea miscarriage of justice; it was pre-meditated murder with malice afore-thought.

Why? Why would an American Presi-dent who had a popularity rating ofapproximately 75% decide to throw hisPresidency down the drain with one act?It just does not make sense.

Among the reasons offered for thepardon are these:

1. Ford honestly thought that Nixonshould be pardoned for the reasons thePresident stated in his pardon message:that Nixon and his family had sufferedenough, that the trial of a former Presi-dent would call into question the credi-bility of basic American institutions, andthat the prosecution of Nixon would leadto another period of ugly passions andpolarization of the body politic.

2. Ford feared that Nixon would com-mit suicide.

3. Nixon and Ford had an under-standing, reached sometime before Nixonresigned, that if Nixon were forced out ofoffice before the end of his term, Fordwould grant him a pardon.

4. Nixon offered the Presidency toFord in exchange for a pardon and Fordaccepted the offer.

5. Ford was led to believe that theinvestigation of Nixona's activities wasabout to uncover information whose dis-closure would not be in the nationalinterest.

Thus, there are five basic explanations:the honest decision, suicide, an under-standing, a deal, and national security. Afellow columnist put it nicely by sayingthat we are now back in the position wewere in two years ago - not knowingwhether we have a fool or a knave forPresident.

If this pardon were entirely innocent,if Gerald Ford believed he were doing theproper thing, the circumstances wouldhave been different. First, we were toldthat Ford did not expect the extremelyadverse public reaction. Baloney!! If Fordhad been proud of this action and felt ithad public support, the announcementwould have been made in prime time. Thelast time an announcement of this mag-nitude was made to the American publicearly on a Sunday morning it was madeby the Imperial Japanese Navy. If thiswere an honest decision, Ford wouldprobably have followed his earlier ex-ample with respect to amnesty for Viet-nam era draft dodgers and floated a trialballoon. Further, the cover-up artistwould not have reversed himself withinten days of his public press conferencestatement indicating that there would beno pre-trial pardon. No, it appears highlyunlikely that there is an innocent ex-planation -of the first variety for thisunconscionable treachery. Ford's in-sistence on this honest explanation wasapparently accepted at face value by mostof the press corps at the next WhiteHouse news conference.

This reporter's sources and variousnewspaper columns (e.g. Evans andNovak, Mary McCGrory) have -made itabundantly clear that various parties wereinforming Ford that Nixon was a mentalbasket case and on the edge of suicide.Bebe Rebozo and Robert Abplanalp,friends of Dick Nixon, leaked this storyto The Washington-Post and other publi-cations in the week before the pardon. Italso appears that Nixon's children andtheir spouses sent the same message toFord. Finally, the two,major carry-oversfrom Nixon's inner circle to Ford's, Alex-ander Haig and Henry Kissinger, re-portedly spoke with Nixon and then toldFord that Nixon was distraught. Yet, ifFord and Nixon's family, friends, andassociates were truly concerned that theformer President might commit suicideyou would think that they would eitherask the Secret Service guards to beextremely vigilant or have Nixon corn-

mitted to an institution and placed underobservation for his own protection. IfNixon's mental and/or physical healthwere the reason for the pardon, the factwould have been promptly and widelypublicized, especially in light of the mas-sive disapproval of Ford's action. Whatwould have happened is that selectedmembers of the White House press corpsand various friendly Washingtoncolumnists would have been called andtold on a deep background basis thatFord pardoned Nixon because Ford wasafraid of a Nixon suicide. The nextmorning, the newspapers and networkswhose representatives had been given thestory would have headlined it and an-nounced the fact in the lead paragraphsof their pardon stories.

But that is not what happened. Specifi-cally, Al Haig was not pushing that line inhis conversations during the week after thepardon Thus, the suicide explanation isruled out.

The basic non-criminal explanation re-maining for Ford's behavior is that atsome time prior to Nixon's resignation aconversation like the following occurred:N: Gee, Jerry, you know all these peopleare out to get me. I just hope that if I'mever forced from office I can count onyou.F:Don't worry, Mr. President, you cancount on me.

This conversation could have takenplace as long ago as October, 1973, priorto Ford's Vice-Presidential nomnination oras late as the laIn meeting Nixon heldwith Ford in the Oval Office on themorning of August 8, 1974, the daybefore Nixon resigned. However, it seemsunlikely that Nixon would have settledfor such a flexible assurance. Further, itseems highly unlikely that Ford, on thebasis of such an assurance, would havedecided to throw his newly won reputa-tion for candor out the window.

At this point, Ford crosses the linefrom non-criminal to criminal activity inthe granting of the pardon Both Nixonand Ford would be liable to criminalprosecution if a deal were made along thelines of:

1) Nixon offering Ford the Vice-Presi-dency in exchange for a pardon shouldNixon ever need it;

2) In the last days of the NixonPresidency, if Nixon offered Ford thePresidency in exchange for a pardon; or

3) Ford accepting money (e.g. a con-siderable sum in a numbered Swiss ac-count) in exchange for the pardon. Inother words, if Ford's assuming the presi-dency or if Ford accepted money at anypoint in exchange for the pardon, the actwould probably constitute either briberyor a conflict of interest both of whichwould involve criminal penalties for Fordunder the applicable sections of the Uni-ted States Code.

Graft is just not Jeny Fosrd's style; adeal is. There is some circumstantialevidence pointing in the direction of adeal and of Nixon having considerablecontrol over the parameters of the par-don.

On the day Nixon left office, if hewanted a pardon prior to the start of theEhrlichman, et. al. trial, he knew that thepardon was needed by September 8, theday on which the pardon was granted(after Nixon resigned, the trial date waschanged). If Ford were in complete con-trol of the pardon power, as he shouldhave been in the course of an innocentlygranted pardon, Ford should have beenable to name his terms. However, it hasbeen reported that Ford wanted a fullconfession of Nixon's guilt and dis-patched a representative to San Clementewith a damning confession for Nixon tosign as part of the pardon. In the event,Ford accepted pablum from Nixon. Itjust does not make sense if Ford werecalling the shots. It makes a lot of sense ifNixon held the upper hand.

18 USC 208, entitled "Acts affecting apersonal financial interest," makes it acrime punishable by a fine of up to$10,000 and up to two years in jailfor aFederal official to take any official actionin a matter in which the official has apersonal financial interest. Ford's per-sonal financial interest in removingRichard Nixon from office was $187,500annually - the difference between thesalaries of the President and Vice-President.

This reporter has learned of the pre-

viously unreported role played by SenateJudiciary Committee Chairman JamesEastland (D-Miss.) in the resignation andpardon of his good friend ex-PresidentNixon. (Eastland supported Nixon inseveral important battles during theNixon Administration including thenominations of Judges Haynsworth andCarswell to the Supreme Court. In return,Nixon supported Eastland against a Re-publican challenger in 1972.)

A reliable and informed source hasstated that Eastland was in contact withNixon during the period immediatelyprior to the resignation and the laterpardon. The same source further said thatGeneral Alexander Haig, chaeif of staff toboth Nixon'and Ford, personally carriedan oral message to Eastland from Nixonin the 72 hours before Nixon's resigna-tion. In all probability, Eastland toldNixon thru Haig that the President had

lost his Congressional support and shouldresign but that Nixon need have no fearof prosecution because his friends (JimEastland among them) would take care ofhim. It is speculated that Eastland usedhis contacts with Special Arosecutor L"nJaworski to ascertain that Jaworski in-tended to indict Nixon. Informedspeculation has it that at that pointEastland was forced to redeem his pledgeto Nixon by seeking a pardon from Ford.Neither Eastland nor Haig would com-ment on the allegations contained in thisparagraph.

Finally, suppose Ford were told bythose two paragons of virtue andmanipulators extraordinaire, AlexanderHaig and Henry Kissinger, that the Nixoninvestigations were about to disclose in-formation whose public disseminationwould not be in the national interest. If

(Please turn to page 6)

Commentary:'

SaIve Our GTrassBy E. Martin Davidoff

This is my first effort to communicatewith the MIT community through themedium of a The Tech column. Presently,I am in my ninth and final term as anundergraduate at MIT. Hopefully, thiscolumn will allow me to blow off somesteam at, or pay some compliments to theMIT bureaucracies as well as examiningsome of their characteristics. I also hopeto act as a spark for student actionaround the Institute, I am a firm believerthat students should, exert themselvesupon the Institute for the Institute willusually not move unless a crisis developsor pressure is exerted. Today's topic isgrass - the kind you walk on!

Lawrence Pickard [Physical Plant,Manager of Grounds] is almost never inhis office which, as I will explain, is agood thing. He is responsible for hegeneral upkeep of the MIT grounds andthe cleaning of many buildings as well asperforming any landscaping or outdoorrenovation projects which might beauthorized by the planning office, Ath-letic department, or the office of PhilipStoddard, Vice President of Operations.

Pickard is always on the go. He walksaround campus with a two-way radiowhile he inspects work being done ordiscusses alternatives to some of themany problems which pop up. The assign-ments for Pickard's men are many andvaried - from snow shoveling to garden-ing to levelling parking lots to cleaningthe ice with the Zambonie. It is myimpression thiat this branch of the Physi-cal Plant is extremely efficient, primarilydue to the dedication and pride ofPickard and his men.

Pickard and I began by talking aboutthe many areas around MIT that wereonce grassy and nice and are now justdirt. One threatened area is the newlyplanted grass on Kresge Plaza. For 15years this section of the Plaza has beenreseeded in the spring and by the begin-ning of the winter is a big mud blotch.The problem seems to be twofold. First,Kresge is not well-planned as far aswalkways 'are concerned and secondly,west campus residents - especially first-year residents - tend to just beat out apath on the grass instead of walkingaround the sidewalks.

Last spring with urging by several"Save The Grass" enthusiasts Pickardreseeded the Kresge "blotch" for the lasttime! Through the efforts of Dave Smith'75 and some of his fellow DKE's a lowfence al:.! signs reading "Please Help Saveour Grass", were placed at either end ofthe blotch. The response was very goodand the condition of the Kresge blotch isbetter than it's been in years. It seemsvery likely that Kresge Plaza will bereunited as one if everyone will Keep Offthe Grass! It takes little extra effort andlittle extra time to walk around the pathby the Chapel when going to and fromclass. By doing this maybe the grass canbe saved for barefoot frisbee throwing,folk dancing or just lying in the sun. SoSave the Crass by walking around and askother people to do the same..;-. it'll beworth it in the long run.

Another thing which would help keepthe Kresge blotch away would be widen-ing the sidewalk around the Chapel so

that people don't fall into the moat dueto slippery winter conditions. Pickard iswilling to do this but has been informedthat the Planning Office is coming upwith a long range plan for the Kresgearea. Unfortunately, Pickard doesn'tknow when this plan would be imple-mented or what it would be. I feel that ifit is going to be several years beforeimplementation that it would be wellworthwhile to widen the chapel walknow. The problem seems to be primarilya lack of communication. Therefore, Iurge the Planning Office to tell Pickardwhat it is doing. Now that the grass isgrowing back maybe we can keep it there.

We also talked about Briggs Field. It isevident that Briggs is overused and thatnew grass will soon give way to cleats,sneakers and soccer balls. The long rangesolutions, according to Pickard may lie inthe use of synthetic materials for practicefields and for use in bad weather; and inthe expansion of Briggs Field into theWestgate Parking Lot, which would bemoved to another location. By the way,funds have been donated for a new trackwhich will be completed by September,1975 by the groundsmen and will beplaced so as to allow room for the newathletic complex.

The last thing we discussed were thegarden plots near Westgate which areavailable for use by the MIT community.These gardens were created by Pickard'sdivision. The idea originated from thePlanning Office and it is the Planning

Office which takes care of waiting lists,rules and any other administration relatedto the gardens. Unfortunately, there is nowater nearby. There was supposed tohave been, but when the steam andsupply line to Tang Hall was installed bythe contracter, against specific instruc-tions, destroyed the existing water line.Thus far, the Institute has chosen not topush the issue.

How a huge establishment such as MITcan pay out money to a contracter whodestroys its property and not questionthe action of the contractor is not withinmy scope of reason. The Institute should.insist on some compensation if at leastenough to cover the cost of providingwater to the garden plots - severalhundred dollars!

As it is, much of the work put intosome of the gardens this very dry summerwere futile due to the absence of a nearbywater supply. It seems that there shouldbe some way of the Institute providingthe money for Pickard's men to bringwater to the gardens. It should be anextremely worthwhile contribution. Inany case, let's get the water in for nextyear's gardens. If you feel the same way,go bug someone in the upper echelons qfthe Planning Office or in operations.These people should by made aware ofthe fact that people want this problemresolved.

While you're at it, ask the PlanningOffice or Stoddard to authorize someoverall plan for Kresge Plaza or at least asimple widening of the path around theChapel.

My personal thanks to Pickard for hishonest efforts.

Please, Help Save the Grass!Davidoff is a senior in Course X V.

"Let make a deal!saio to Fodn@

�_ _._I . )

PAGE 6 TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1974 THE TECH

feelings concerning gay people decided asituation in the absence of clear Institutepolicy. Surely you could not have made adecision that expressed a similar prejudicetoward women or other minority groups.In the absence of clear policy concerninghomosexuals within the MIT community,you, as the Institute's Equal OpportunityCoordinator, should have been able toexpand upon, and apply to this situation,the spirit of the Affirmative Action Plan,"2which goes beyond nondiscrimination,(to include) the elimination of all policiesand practices that work to the disadvan-tage of individuals on the basis of race,s6x, national origin or religion." (Affir-mative Action Plan of the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, March 1, 1974Page 1) That you did not, indicates to methat you need to reexamine your positionon the fate of the oppressed minoritieswithin our society, which include homo-sexuals.

.Your action further suggests that theInstitute must establish policy that willdisallow such prejudicial practices againstgay people, by individuals at MIT, or theInstitute itself. The Institute supports theactivities of that portion of the MITstudent community which is gay, asrepresented by the Student HomophileLeague, and through certain members ofthW faculty and administration, givessupport and counsel. Does it, on theotler hand, discriminate against those initslemploy who are gay? Considering otgaff rights) I would understand if gayemployees at ;MIT were afraid for thesecurity of their jobs. ..

As I see it, "Mr. Wynne, the individualin -his matter 'deserves an apology. If itwoald still be :of use to the person, thead,! as written,ishould be printed in thene>t issue of Tech Talk. And, MIT "as amator educational institution, a large-scaie employer, and an influence on oursociety," (Ibid., p. 1) should make anunistakable statement of policy con-coring the rights of, and the opportun-itieg available to, the homosexual mem-beri of the Mrr community, as it hasconcerning those of other minoritygro.ps represented at the Institute.

Donald H. Eunson, Jr.

To the Editor (To Donald Eunson):I am in receipt of your letter to Mr.

John Wynne of September 12, 1974, andI want very quickly to correct an erro-neous empression you have. Sue Walker{ncorrectly understood me or you incor-rectly understood her to say that Mr.Wynne made the decision to which yourletter refers. I am the one who made the

decision. I did consult Mr. Wynne, butthe decision was mine and I take theresponsibility for it. I will, therefore,assume your letter to be addressed to me,and I will respond as quickly as I possiblycan. I wanted immediately, however, tocorrect the impression with respect to Mr.Wynne.

Robert M. ByersDirector of MIT News Office

To the Editor (To Donald Eunson):I am afraid your letter to me was

misdirected, for I did not make thedecision to-which you refer, nor is it mybusiness to do so.

I must comment, however, on theinferences you. have drawn from thepresumption that I made the decision andyour widely circulated lecture to me onmy assumed prejudices with regard tohomosexuals.

Recently I was asked if MIT had anAffirmative Action Plan for the employ-

ment of persons who are gay. My answerto that question was, "No!" And thereshould be no confusion on that point.The MIT Affirmativ.e -Action Plan is a

; positive program to expand our efforts toguarantee - equality of opportunity inemployment and education and to reduceunderrepresentation and underutilizationof minorities and women at MIT.

On the other hand, MIT does notintend to discriminate against either ap-plicants or employees who are homosex-

: ual. We do not know; we do not aisk; norare we concerned whether applicants oremployees are homosexual. They havethe rights afforded all MIT employees,and I have no wish but to protect thoserights.

I find it distasteful to give mass circu-lation to my correspondence, but feel Ihave no alternative, for the record, but togive my reply-the distribution your letterreceived.

John M. Wynne

(Continued from page 4)The domestic contact service, however,

also relies upon American citizens travelingabroad for information, particularly thosevisiting Eastern European and Asian coun-tries. Upon return to the US, CIA interro-gators debrief travelers on a wide variety ofissues, ranging from political conditions todetails concerning hotel check-ins, the lat-ter being of use to clandestine operatorsplanning visits to the nations involved.

It has also been revealed that the CIA inthe past has relied heavily upon a numberof American journalists abroad for intell-igence data. The journalists were secretlykept on the CIA payroll as contract em-ployees, and due to their ability to travelwith relative freedom, they have been animportant source of information since theearly 195 Os.

for research and as a resource for recruitingfuture operatives. Formal ties were esta-blished with MIT in the fifties, with thecreation of the Center for InternationalStudies, funded by the CIA well into the

!mid-sixties.In the late sixties the Agency Nwas chan-

Ineling covert money into the NationalStudent Association and other student

groups, as well as several publications dis-tributed by student and militant groups.

At Michigan State University, the CIAwas involved in a police training program,With CIA personnel on the university pay-roll. Meanwhile there were allegations ofAgency interference in other areas, in-eluding labor unions, political parties, andieligious and educational institutions.

A little known area of CIA interest is in'the business community. In addition to''legitimate" business interests (includingspeculation in the stock market), the CIAmaintains "proprietary corporations,"which provide cover for Agency operativesand goods and services for covert opera-tions. These "Delaware corporations" (so-called because of that state's loose incor-porar ion laws, making it attractive as a basefor Agency contacts) include a string ofcharter airlines, said to comprise the largestfleet of "privately owned" aircraft in theworld; book publishing firms which printworks promoting the CIA view of theinternational political situation; and false-front Miami shipping firms which are usedto cover-up Agency propoganda broad-casts to Cuba.

CIA officials have defended these andother domestic operations under two mainprovisions of the agency's charter: thecharge to carry out "such other functionsand duties relating to intelligence. .. asthe National Security Council (NSC) mayfrom time to time direct"; and the duty ofthe Director of Central Intelligence toprotect all sources of intelligence. Whenconfronted with revelations of domesticactivities, ClA officials invariably point tosecret- NSC directives ordering them toengage in the activities - wiretapping,subverting student movements, or what-ever. Or they will say, as Helms did whenasked about the Ellsberg psychologicalprofile, that "intelligence sources" wouldhave been compromised if the agency hadnot acted.

Even CIA officials will admit that theagency has an awesome power that must becurbed. "The agency has some uniquecapabilities with possible domestic applica-tions," one CIA official told us.

"This is a real dilemma for the CIA -i.e., what we can do, and what we shoulddo."

Clearly, if the CIA's vast powers or"unique capabilities" are to be kept incheck, at home as well as abroad, theremust be basic reform to hold the agency toits legislative charter - to eliminate covertoperations, to eliminate domestic activi-ties, and to amke the agency accountableto Congress and the American people.The necessary reform - and why it is notbeing carried out - will be the subject ofthe fourth and final column in this series.

(Executive Editor Sandler '75 an d NewsEditor McNamee '76 are co-authors, withContributing Editor David Tenlebaum G,of' Congressional Oversight of the CI A.)

Photo by Dave Tenenbaum

Intelligence defenders often claim thatCIA activities affecting Americans are onlyaimed at foreign powers, and therefore donot violate the domestic operations prohi-bitions. Thus, they say, emigre groups areonly supported so they can fight the Com-munist governments in their countries;American travelers are debriefed only sothe CIA carn find out about foreign condi-tions; journalists are bought only so thatfalse information can be passed out over-seas; and academic research is supported sothat the agency can better direct its over-seas efforts. Fall-out from these activitiesin America - the violation of civil rights ina slander suit, the tampering with thefreedom of the press and with academicfreedom - are unfortunate, the intelli-gence officials say, but far outweighed bythe benefits.

However, the CIA has indeed been"deeply emeshed" in domestic activities,as stated by former White House counselCharles Colson in a television interviewearlier this year.

The CIA has admitted training domesticpolice officers from as many as 12 cities,under authority granted to the Law En-forcement Assistance Administration,which doles out federal funds to local andstate police forces for sophisticated equip-ment and training.

The Omnibus Crime Control and SafeStreets Act of 1968 gave the LEAA author-ity to use available services and equipment-of "civilian or military instrumentalities"of the 'federal government to carry out itsassigned functions. However, that authori-zation cannot supercede the prohibitionscontained in the CIA charter against sup-porting domestic police activities.

The CIA has always maintained a keeninterest in the academic. community, both

(Continued from page 5)Ford bought the story and decided hehad to stop the investigation, there wasonly one way to do it. Ford knew hecould not fire Jaworski without beingquickly forced from office. He thereforehad to pardon Nixon and stop Jaworski'sinvestigation by depriving it of an object.Naturally, the grand jury could issue anunsigned indictment, but withoutJaworski's assent the citizen's panel doesnot have available to it the vast inves-tigatoxy resources of the government.Ford's public record points in thedirection of his buying a story of thistype; he has been a strong supporter ofthe Pentagon and whatever foreign policythe reigning President decided to pursue.Several other "national security" coverswere attempted during the long andsordid Watergate probe. There were alle-gations that revelations of the:

1) break-in at the office of DanielEllsberg's psychiatrist;

2) alleged theft by the Joint Chiefs ofStaff of, various documents from HenryKissinger's briefcase;

3) alleged earlier break-ins at variousWashington embassies;

4) eavesdropping by the US on Sovietleader Leonid Brezlhnov's limousine as itcruised the Moscow streets (this story wascarried by Jack Anderson); and

5) existence of a US double agent,thought by some intelligence officials tobe a Soviet triple agent. ' 'in the Sovietembassy in Washington would undoubt-edly be damaging to national security.

The information's publication did nothelp Richard Nixon's political security,but the Republic still stands. Apparentlythis news has not unduly damaged ourtrue national interests and security.

It is just possible that some devastatinginformation was about to be uncovered.The rumor has been floating aroundWashington for 'some time that the as yetundisclosed tapes, and the erased sectionsof already released tapes, would provethat Nixon ordered the Watergate break-in. The reader is invited to conjure up his,or her, own version of devastating in-formation.

18 USC I 5 I 0, entitled "obstruction ofcriminal investigations," makes it a crime,punishable by a fine of not more thanfive thousand dollars and a prison term ofnot more than five years, to obstruct,delay, or prevent the communication ofinformation relating to a violation of anycriminal statute of the US to a criminalinvestigator. If pardon were granted for aspurious "national security" reason orbecause there were some other criminalmatter Ford wished to cover up, Ford'spardon grant might constituteobstruction of justice.

When Al Capone was abroad in theland, it was said in the Windy City thatone inexplicable occurrence was chance,two were coincidence, and three wereenemy action. There are more than threeinexplicable occurrences connected withthe pardon.

P ter Peckarsk-Y is Washington corres-pon2dent Jor The Tech.

anRe

Jq~~~ .AaRo etest he T- echGay discrimination.?Following is a series of letters betweenDonald Eunson of the Graphic Arts ser-vice, News Office Director Robert M.Byers, Vice President for Administrationand Personnel John M. Wynne, and theStudent Homophile League. The corre-spondence regards the editing of an adsubmitted to Tech Talk and has beenforwarded to The Tech by Eunson. Theletters are presented in chronologicalorder. Subsequent letters will be printedas space permits - Editor.To the Editor (To John M. WynneJ:

I am the paste-up artist in the Illustra-tion Department who, with AssistantDirector, Joanne Miller, prepares the lay-outs of Tech Talk to go to the printer.This week when Sue Walker, CalendarEditor, delivered the ads to me forpaste-up, she pointed out an ad that hadbeen typeset in two different versions andexplained that she had to get "approval"to run the ad as submitted, approval fromyou, Mr. Wynne. I read both versions, andwas surprised that "approval" was neces-sary for the original. The copy for the adas originally submitted is as follows:

Gay person looking for Rmmate forattractive 2 BR Northgate apt; 5 minHarv Sq, nr MIT & transp, $100 incleverything. (name, phone) aft 5:30pro.When Sue returned later in the after-

noon, she said that the ad had to bereplaced with the edited version (whichdeleted the description "gay"), that youhad refused to allow the printing of thefull copy, on the grounds that, Tech Talkcannot run advertisements for "sexualpartners."

I was stunned by the reason given forrefusing the ad. It is quite apparent toanyone who reads the ad with honestobjectivity that it is no more an ad for asexual partner than if it had said "Pianistlooking for a roommate" or "Activefeminist looking for roommate." In eachinstance the advertiser identifies whowould not care to share an apartmentwith the advertiser because of pianopractices, political involvements or differ-ing sexual life styles.

The reason you gave, Mr. Wynne, isthus either an example of your ownbiased misconceptions of the motives of a"gay person looking for a roommate," oran intentionally misleading rationale forrefusing the above advertisement.

I am furious that here at MIT, anintellectual and innovative institution,such blatant prejudicial censorship exists.I can surmise only that your personal

Cs A acts in US, too

Ford a- the pardon:wheeling or dealng?

PAID FOR AND EDITED BY THE UAP'S OFFICE THE UASETION TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1974 PAGE 7. - -mm, - THE UA SECTION TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1974 PAGE 7 .~~~i~~~~~~~~~~~~- ok ad

Your comments, criticisms, and ideas arewelcomed by The UA News. This section ismeant to be of interest to all the undergrad-uates. at MIT; this is hard to accomplishwithout any feedback from you. So drop bythe UA office on the fourth floor of -theStudent Center or call extension 2696, and letus know what you're thinking.

This section is sponsored and edited by theUndergraduate Association President's Office,

ic lakes sole responsibility for its content.mentioned that more extensive proposals fora reorganization of the I FC would be made atthe next meeting.

The recent IM Council ruling on athleticcards was discussed, with the consensus seem-ing to be that about half the, people interestedin intramurals did not have athletic cards, andsome had been discouraged from participatingdue to the $5 cost of the card, this beingdirectly contrary to the avowed purpose ofintramural athletics. By a vote of 18-5, thefollowing resolution was passed. Resolved:"The IFC is opposed to the policy of requir-

ing the purchase of an MIT athletic card inorder to participate in intramural activities."

Charitable Contributions Chairman GarySpeer outlined the death of the proposed IFCCarnival for reasons of safety and insurance.However, a boat ride has been planned forOctober 12, possibly to be preceeded by a carrally.

Finally, PGD reminded everyone that they'will once again be having their Fiji IslandParty, .open to the Institute, the Saturdaynight of Kaleidoscope. With that the meetingended.

Today is the last day that letters ofnomination will be accepted for Who's Whoin American Colleges. If you know ofsomeone possessing leadership qualities inany field at MIT who you feel should belisted, write a short Jetter stating theaccomplishments of that student, includingthe student's name, and your name, ad-dress, and telephone number. All lettersmust be received by the UndergraduateAssociation. W20-401 no later than toda~.

pening? spondents: Dr. Jeffrey L. Pressman and Dr.Richard E. Neustadt. (Kresge)Friday, October 4

7 and 1 Opm: LSC Movie, Day of thejackal. (Kresge, .50)

12m: SCC MidNite Movie, Lion in Winter.(Sala de Puerto Rico)Saturday, October 5

7 and 9:30pmrn: LSC movie, Sleeper.(Kres-ge, .50)Sunday, October 6

3 and 7pm: LSC movie, The Treasure ofSierra Madre. (10-250, .50)- I -- "- II

What's halTuesday, October 1

5:1 Spm: Lecture, "The Presidency AfterWatergate: The Past as Prologue," by Theo-dore C. Sorensen-; Respondents: AnthonyLewis and Alan Otten. (Kresge)Wednesday, October 2

5:15pm: Lecture, "'The Presidency AfterWatergate: The Myth of Presidential Omnipo-tence," by Theodore C. Sorensen; Respond-ent, Alan Otten. (Kresge)Thursday, October 3

5:15pm: Lecture, "The Presidency AfterWatergate: The Sinews of Presidential Ac-countability," by Theodore C Sorensen; Re-

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LTHIS SECTION IS PAID FOR AND EDITED BY THE UNDERGRADUATE ASSOCIATION PRESIDENT'S OFFICE

T heIFC Meeting Notes

On Tuesday, September 17, the Interfra-ternity Conferencehad its first meeting of theyear. The meeting, held at DU, was attendedby representatives of 26 of the 29 fraternities,an excellent turn-out.

Coach Barry of the Athletic Departmentwas the first speaker. He was interested infinding out how the fraternities felt aboutletting-pledges participate in athletics duringHelp Week. A questionnaire was distributed,and a discussion ensued which served toanswer some of the questions on both sides. Itwas decided to handle the matter on aby-house basis.

Rush Chairman Ken Bachman reportedthat this year's rush was a fastj successful one.He pointed out that 19-20 upperclass ortransfer students pledged, a significant in-crease over last year.

Judcom Chairman Mark Suchon reportedon the status of complaints -arising out ofRush Week activities. There are three casesbeing investigated: DKE vs. TX on a picnicviolation, ET vs. No.6, and ET vs. TDC.Judcom was used extensively during RushWeek this year and this resulted in a numberof potential complaints being handled beforethey .became serious.

Chairman Pete Mancuso mentioned thatthe Mediation Board, which consists of threef ra t e rn ity and three dormitory rep re-sentatives, is investigating five fraternity-dormitory violations, but emphasized that theBoard has no enforcement powers.

Secretary Gary Porfert then introduced anumber of amendments to the I FC Constitu-tion which served to bring it into conformitywith standard practice. All passed, the mostsignificant being an amendment changing thenumber of votes needed to amend the Consti-tution from 3/.4 to 2/3 of the IFC. Mancuso

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- HEARINGS

Basaeball wins, loses, draws

IN soccer reasults:

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PAGE 8 TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1974 THE TECH

3q. f

adequate short passing attack,their wing feeds and halfbackchips were erratic.

Harvard, on the other hand,had numerous opportunities,missing the goal only due topoor shooting and some finedefensive work by goalie CharlieSommer '76 and fullback GregHunter '76.

In Saturday afternoon's 4-1loss to Holy Cross' Crusaders,MIT gave up two goals withinforty-eight seconds in the open-ing d inutes of the game andnever recovered.

A mixup in the back line ledto HC's first goal, as Huntertried to kick the ball back toSommer only to lose it to anattacking HC wing who stole itand dribbled it into the netunmolested. Less than a minutelater, a perfect cross to a wide-open inner led to the secondCrusader score.

The Engineers' only tallycame on a bizarre play with fiveminutes remaining in the firsthalf. MIT captain Ray Marotta

By Glenn BrownsteinMIT's varsity soccer team

opened its season last week witha 1-0 loss to Harvard Wednesdayand a 4-1 defeat inflicted byHoly Cross Saturday afternoon.

In Wednesday's game, theCrimson took an early lead on aMark Zimering chip after sixteenminutes and held on the rest ofthe way, using a strong defensehighlighted by skillful heading torepeatedly turn the Engineersaway.

MIT had its chances to score,but they were few and far be-tween as there was little coordin-ation between the halfback and

t fullback lines. Although the Eng-

'75 lifted -a short shot towardthe Crusader goal that was aboutto fall short by fifteen or twentyyards. However, when HC full-back Mark Bagley attempted toclear Marotta's chip, he shankedthe ball backwards into his ownnet past a surprised goalie to cutHC's lead to 2-1.

In the second half, though,HC scored twice more, takingadvantage of sloppy Engineerplay to turn what appeared atfirst to be an even game into arout. ,

Although MIT outshot IHolyCross 11-6 in the first half, theEngineers made numerous mis-takes and were unable to com-plete scoring drives. In the se-cond half, all coinmunicationbroke down as the MIT elevenwas totally outplayed by theCrusaders.

MIT will meet WPI and Trin-ity on the road this week beforereturning to the Boston area fora game against BU Wednesdaynight, October 9 at NickersonField.

It

Dave Fett '77 outduels his Harvard defender for possession in lasWednesday's loss. ineers were able to generate anPhoto by EdMcCabe

By Jim ThompsonIt seems that the Red Sox

isn't the only baseball team inBoston that is experiencing abatting slump. The MIT baseballsquad, after demolishing LowellTech with 20 hits in its seasonopener, has managed to averageonly five hits in its last fourgames.

The Beavers had a mediocresecond week of play with a 1-1-1record. They defeated Assump-tion 9-8 on Tuesday, tied Mass.Bay Community College 3-3, forthe second time and then roun-ded out the week with a 5-0 lossto Lowell Tech.

Assumption made a gallantattempt in the last inning of playto defeat the Beavers. Down 7-3,Assumption dented home platefive times to take an 8-7 lead.But MIT, on three walks and asingle by Jeff Felton '78, scoredtwo runs in the bottom of thelast inning to pull out the win.

Vince Maconi '76 had twosingles, and Dan Sundberg '77knocked in two runs with ahome run to lead the Beavers'attack.

On Thursday, in a repeat oftheir first encounter two weeksago, MIT and Mass Bay Com-munity College, last years' StateCommunity College Champions,played to a 3-3 standoff in nineinnings of play.

MIT scored in the first inningon three walks and an error andheld the 1-0 lead into the fourthinning when Mass Bay platedtwo runs. The Beavers cameback with two runs of their ownin the fifth on five walks and asacrifice, before Mass Bay closedout the scoring with a solohomer in the seventh.

sparkling offensively, the Bea-vers made numerous outstandingdefensive plays to stifle MBBC'soffense.

On Friday, the Beaversdropped a 5-0 decision to LowellTech, a team they had beatenthe previous -week by a 21-6score. Vince Maconi again ledthe Beavers' batting attack withtwo hits. Roy Henriksson '76and Sundberg each added a hitas the Beavers left ten men onbase in the eight-inning contest.

Dave Wargo '75,and Dave Yauch '75hit in that contest.

Sundberg,each had aWhile not

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MIT's Lampros Fatsis '77 uses his head but to no avail as Harvarddowned the Engineers 1-0. Photo by Ed McCabe

After a disappointing 9-4 lossin their opener against Schenect-ady last week, MIT's New Eng-land Championship rugby clubtopped a hard-hitting Springfieldteam, 17-9.

MIT's scoring was led by Cap-tain Jim Caruthers '75 with twotrys (similar to football touch-downs) from the wing forwardposition. Rusty Saunders '76,playing only his second rugbymatch ever, scored on a finesprint around the right side.

The Tech Ruggers explodedearly in the first half, with Caru-thers picking up a loose ball, andnunning through two men andcarrying one in a 30-yard run forthe score. Terry Copeland Gbarely missed the kick from adifficult angle, but the tuggersled 4-0.

About five minutes later MITstruck again, when veteran cen-ter Roger Simmonds G took apitch, beat his defender anddrew another man. He passed tooutside center Tom Campbellwho passed to wing Saundersalone on the outside. Saunders'sprint beat his man and thefullback as he went 35 yards forthe score. Fullback John Kava-zanjian '7 made the kick and

MIT jumped to an early 10-0lead.

Slightly past midway in thefirst half, Caruthers scored again,this timne from well out in theright corner of the field, aftercoming up with the ball fromthe bottom of a pileup. The kickwas missed and Springfield latermade a penalty kick, giving MITa 14-3 edge at the half.

In the second half, MIT slow-ed up the game, with almostdisastrous results. The stronger,harder-hitting team from Spring-field took the advantage over thequicker team from MIT; onlysome great play in the scrum byprops Bill Roberds G and KirkCarlson '77 and by wing for-wards Caruthers and Prof. BillThilly kept the Techmen going.

Springfield scored early witha fine run for a try off a line outdeep in the MIT zone. The kickwas made, putting the score at14-9, within one try. The Techforwards held on, with a greatpush in the scrum and fine de-fense by lock Bob Brown andall-around good play by scrum-halfback Tom Rogers '77. With10 minutes to go, MIT wasawarded a free kick from theSpringfield 25 and fullback

Kavazanjian converted it to sewup the 17-9 victory.

Despite a 12-4 loss in thesecond game, the B-team wasencouraging with Drew Jagolem'74 playing his second game atscrum-half Jagolem played anddirected the play well, scoringMIT's try on a fine 3-yard run.There was also some good playfrom the young but strong for-wards, and some fine running bythe backs, particularly centerDon Warran '77. A number ofthe B-team players will certainlybe seeing some A-teamn actionbefore the season is over.

Next Saturday, the Ruggersmeet UMass at home at 1:30on the Briggs Rugby Field (nearWestgate). Everyone is welcomeand the customary sideline beeris free for all.

Following is the remainder ofthe rugby club schedule. Allhome games will begin at 1:30.

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Ruaggets leve l Springfields 17-9