Dangerous Goods - IATA goods World Cargo Symposium ... • Handling – Damage • Storage – Damage ... and the carriage of dangerous goods is included within the scope of the

Dangerous Goods

Chairman Welcome Remarks

P. (Bala) BalasubramanianDirector, Logistics Executive Group

IATA Competition Law Compliance

Risk Assessments for Dangerous Goods

Ed BoonKLM Cargo

Risk Assessments for Dangerous goods

World Cargo SymposiumAbu Dhabi, March 2017

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dd-mm-2008Name of presentation - Version 1.01

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When anyone asks me how I can best describe my experience in nearly forty years, I merely say, uneventful.In all my experience, I have never been in any accident... or any sort worth speaking about,nor was I ever in any predicament that threatened to end in disaster of any sort.

Capt. E.J. Smith

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Edward J. SmithRMS Titanic


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So, we make rules . . . !


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1. Can regulation alone mitigate risks of dangerous Goods occurrences?

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1986; Mancheser - Leiden

Basic risk factors

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http://www.risktec.tuv.com

2005

Name of presentation - Version 1.01

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Safety risk management

A Safety risk is the projected likelihood and severity of the consequence or outcome from an existing hazard or situation.

While the outcome may be an accident, an intermediate unsafe event/consequence may be identified as the most credible outcome.

ICAO SMS

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Safety risk management is typically looking at:

• Probability–The chance of anything happening

• Severity–The effect of the outcome

• Tolerability–Can we live with the risk? (not the outcome)

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Safety risk management

The objective of safety risk management is to assess the risks associated with identified hazards and develop and implement effective and appropriate mitigations

ICAO SMS

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R = P x S

Pillars of the system • Identification

– Reactive: analysis of occurrences, incidents or accidents– Proactive: analysis of occurrences– Predictive: Analysis of intended changes

• Prioritization– Most credible outcome– Barrier effectiveness

• Analysis– Risk determination

• Assessment

• Mitigation/promotion– Management decision– Controlled communication

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Possible input:• Change• Audit of inspection

finding• Safety reports• Data analysis• Expert judgement• Scientific principles

and knowledge• Risk registers• Surveys

Co

ntro

lled p

rocess

Co

ntr

olle

d p

roce

ss

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Generic process bowtiesKLM has 20 generic bowties on:

• Flight operations– Movement on ground– Movement during flight– Runway incursion

• Cabin operations– Occupant injury by unexpected aircraft movement– Dangerous cabin environment

• Ground handling– Release of an un-airworthy aircraft– Adverse weather conditions– Aircraft loading/unloading

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Reactiveassessments

Bow-tie - Organisational change

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Bowtie – Cargo generic

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Event Based Risk (EBR)

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Barrier failurescoring

Generic bowtie – Event Based Risk (EBR)


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Barrier matching

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Cargo Aircraft loading byramphandler

Flight

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Creating scenario’s

• Scenario 1

• Scenario 2

• Scenario 3

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• Realisctic

• Worst credible outcome

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Dangerous Goods Regulations9.1.9 Conducting Safety Risk Assessments

Operators… should include a safety risk assessment process for the transport of dangerous goods as part of their approved safety management system to comply with ICAO Annex 6 en Annex 19…

Annex 6; operation of aircraftAnnex 19: Integrated Safety Management

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So….

This does NOT mean that a risk assessment has to be performed on every single shipment!

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Hazards in transportation of Dangerous Goods

• Classification

• Packing

• DG Declaration

• Acceptance

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Hazards in transportation of Dangerous Goods

• Classification

• Packing

• DG Declaration– Transportation Damages– Agent forwarder

adjusting/finalizing documentation

• Acceptance

• Handling– Damage

• Storage– Damage– Segregation

• ULD build-up– Damage– Segregation

• Ramp transport– Damage

• Aircraft loading– Damage– Segregation– Positioning

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?

Dangerous Goods risk assessments

• Reactive:– Continuous analysis of occurrences, incidents or

accidents Event Risk Classification (ERC)

• Proactive:– Continuous analysis of LOW risk rated occurrences

• Document failures discovered at acceptance

• Predictive:– Analysis of intended changes

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Lithium

• 12 Risk scenario’s• 40 mitigating action proposals

–Awareness–Training–Simplification of procedures–Increased inspection procedures–Firefighting/fire resistance

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Simplified bowtie

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DG Technical Instructions

Staff Training & Awareness

Only Approved Li Shipper Accounts

Improved Security Screening for Hidden Li Detection

FIRE

Emergency Vision Assurance SystemsFull Face Oxygen MasksCrew Emergency TrainingLi Segregation From FlammablesSection II Included on the NOTOCUse of ‘Class C’ compartments when available

FCC & FRC deployment

Airmail

National Aviation Authorities (NAA’s) have approved Designated Postal Operators (DPO’s)However, in many parts of the world there is a lack of communication between the DPO and NAA and so the approval system may be absent OR the NAA may not have authority over airmail or the DPO, and is therefore unable to exercise the necessary oversight.

IATA Lithium battery risk mitigating guidance

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Focus on the REAL hazards (???)

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Thank you…

Any questions

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How Does a Safety Management System Support the Risk

Assessment?

Trevor HowardEmirates SkyCargo

Supporting a Safety Risk Assessment with a Safety Management System Trevor HowardManager, Standards & Operational SafetyEmirates SkyCargo

• In flying I have learned that carelessness and overconfidence are usually far more dangerous than deliberately accepted risks.

— Wilbur Wright in a letter to his father, September 1900

Safety Management System• A systematic, explicit and comprehensive process for managing

safety risks. As with all management systems, a safety management system provides for goal setting, planning, and measuring performance. A safety management system is woven into the fabric of an organization. It becomes part of the culture, the way people do their jobs.

• In defining safety management, safety can be defined as: the reduction of risk to a level that is as low as is reasonably practicable.

SMS - Background• ICAO Annex 19 – Safety Management Manual

All operators are required to implement a Safety Management System (SMS) and the carriage of dangerous goods is included within the scope of the operator's SMS.

Parts of an SMS

SafetyPolicy

SafetyRiskManagement SafetyAssurance

SafetyPromotion

Where does the Safety Risk Assessment come in?

• IATA DGR Subsection 9.1.9:Conducting Safety Risk Assessments

Operators engaged in commercial air transport operations should include a safety risk assessment process for the transport of dangerous goods as part of their approved safety management system to comply with ICAO Annex 6 and Annex 19. This safety risk assessment should include appropriate information to result in implementation of safety measures that ensure the safe transport of dangerous goods including lithium batteries and cells as cargo.

Supporting a Risk Assessment• Risk Management• Hazard Identification• Incident/Accident/Occurrence Reporting• Performance Measurement• Quality Assurance

Risk Management and SMS• The purpose of risk management is to ensure risks are accepted and

managed to an acceptable level, and this creates an effective SMS.

• Risk management provides a platform for managing risks that provides the right processes and practices. Risk management assists with identifying, assessing, analysing and controlling safety risks, which is the backbone of the SMS.

• Reactive risk management

• Proactive risk management

Risk Management and SMS - Benefits

• BENEFITS There are many benefits of effective risk management. The main one is safety, but there are some great indirect benefits as well.

• SAFETY BENEFITS • Fewer occurrences or incidents.

• OPERATIONAL BENEFITS • More consistent and effective standards and procedures

• FINANCIAL BENEFITS • Reduction in damage to equipment or facilities, or non-efficient standards and procedures.

SMS Tools

Thank you!

Trevor HowardManager, Standards & Operational SafetyEmirates [email protected]

Thank you to our Networking Break Sponsor

Dangerous Goods

Lithium Batteries –Exploring Risk Mitigation Strategies

Koen BoendermakerTiejin Aramid GmbHDavid Brennan

IATA


Koen BoendermakerTiejin Aramid GmbH

Cargo Fire RisksWorld Cargo Symposium

Koen Boendermaker

March 15th, 2017

Teijin Aramid Trends Fire Risk Mitigations

What is the problem? Fire Containment What do you think?

Teijin Aramid introduction

eCommerce trends2019 Global Revenue: US$ 3.500 Billion Source: IATA

eCommerce trends2020 Cross Border Revenue: US$ 900 Billion Source: DHL

Connectivity trendsDrastic increase in Connected Wearables Source: Cisco

Connectivity trendsMobile Internet Connections getting stronger (higher energy consumption) Source: Cisco

Fire Resistant ULD

Fire Risk Mitigation: Multi Layer Approach

Fire Suppression

Scanning

Regulations

What are the effects?Fire temperature peaks at 900+ °C Source: FAA

What are the effects?Volume expansion: 6,606% (at 30% SoC)Typical Fire Suppression (3-5% Halon) deemed insufficient Source: FAA

What if we can expand fire containment from 10min to 4hrs?

Gives the crew time to think, act and control the situation

Find a runway within 3,000km (instead of 100km)

Questions to the audience

How do we break the waiting cycle?

What would a Fire Containment Test with Li-Ion need to look like?

Do you expect fire containment to become a standard ULD requirement?


David BrennanIATA

Lithium Batteries – Exploring Risk Mitigation Strategies

IATA Cargo © International Air Transport Association 2017

Active Risk Mitigationä Introduced as of 1 January 2015

ä Prohibit lithium metal batteries (UN 3090) from carriage as cargo on passenger aircraft

ä Introduced as of 1 April 2016:ä Reduced state of charge for lithium ion batteries (UN 3480);ä Prohibit lithium ion batteries from carriage as cargo on passenger aircraft;ä Limit number of packages of Section II lithium batteries (metal and ion)

per consignment;ä Limit overpacks of Section II lithium batteries (metal and ion).

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Active Risk Mitigationä In development – packaging performance standard

ä SAE G-27 Committee. Objective of the standard:“This standard provides a test method to demonstrate and document the mitigation of the potential hazards from lithium metal cells or batteries (UN 3090) and lithium ion cells or batteries (UN 3480) when transported as cargo on aircraft.”

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SAE G-27 Standard Developmentä SAE G-27 Committee established February 2016 to develop a standard for

testing of packages of lithium cells and batteries “as prepared for transport”ä Committee comprises members from battery manufacturers, packaging

manufacturers, test facilities, airlines, flight crew unions and regulatorsä Draft standard is currently in 3rd draftä Potential completion mid-2017ä Once complete, ICAO DGP to consider implementation

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IATA Cargo © International Air Transport Association 2017 22


Implementation of G-27 Packagesä Will lithium batteries (metal and/or ion) be permitted back as

cargo on passenger aircraft?ä What is required to verify that a package meets G-27 standard?ä What should be in place to provide traceability of G-27

packagings?ä Should the assignment of any package approval mark be

managed by the State?

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Regulatory Developmentsä Consideration by IATA DGB / ICAO DGP:

ä Restricting packing / overpacking of lithium batteries with flammable dangerous goods;

ä Segregation of lithium batteries from flammable dangerous goods in ULD / aircraft cargo compartment.

ä Establishment of Cargo Safety Sub-Group tasked with:ä Developing revisions to Annex 6 to require an operator to conduct a SRA;ä Develop guidance material on the conduct of SRA for dangerous goods.

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Competency-Based Dangerous Goods Training

Moderator:Ö David Brennen, IATAPanelists:Ö Nathalie Hagmann, Federal Office of Civil Aviation SwitzerlandÖ Robin Jarvis, Etihad AirwaysÖ Kristel Vermeersch, KVS & Partners


Chairman Closing Remarks

P. (Bala) BalasubramanianDirector, Logistics Executive Group

Documents

Dangerous Goods - IATA goods World Cargo Symposium ... • Handling – Damage • Storage – Damage ... and the carriage of dangerous goods is included within the scope of the