Damage and Reconstruction Needs Assessment 1 11 Introduction to damage and needs assessment methodology and basic concepts Session 1 World Bank Institute

Damage and Reconstruction Needs Assessment

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Introduction to damage and needs assessment

methodology and basic concepts

Session 1World Bank Institute

Ricardo Zapata MartiUN ECLAC


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Serve as a means to mobilize external

cooperation, assistance and loans

Become a tool in policy formulation and post-disaster resource allocation

Become a tool in long-term risk mitigation strategy

setting Determine needs for reconstruction and mitigation Create historical record

Purposes of disaster valuation


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Type: Contribution of analysts in all sectors of the

economy, as well as social scientists Geographically specific information Final analysis must have both disaggregated and

national accounting versions Sources:

Ex ante data (pre-existing conditions, baselines) Ex-post data (on the basis of numerous sources

and estimates from the affected population to economic, social and environmental effects. Can be both primary and second-hand.)

Information needs of disaster valuation


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Disasters: framework for valuation


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Vulnerability

Marginalization, Informal housing and economy, Poverty, Conditions in human settlements and the situation

of productive activities (primary, industrial, tertiaryor services); their linkage internally and with the environment.

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Exposure to risks given the existing institutional and socioeconomic situation, manifested in:


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Phases in a disaster

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Emergency Rehabilitation Reconstruction Prevention and Mitigation Alert and Preparation

The disaster cycle:


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The disaster cycle and needs assessment

Emergency In the immediate aftermath, priority is to

save lives Assessment efforts can begin: affected population, deaths, wounded, missing, direct damages to property and infrastructure, both public and private.

Rehabilitation Priority is to return activities in the affected area to normal. Assessment of direct and indirect damages can begin, and an appraisal should be initiated of secondary effects.

Reconstruction Priority is to implement mitigation so that pre-disaster vulnerability is not rebuilt. Ex: construction projects modify

pre-existing infrastructure and environmental conditions that led to damage by the disaster.


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Connecting the cycle: link between needs assessment and mitigation

Mitigation measures rely on specific information provided by the needs assessment

Mitigation includes: Allocating resources toward institutional,

organizationaland structural measures

Training and organization, including at the community level

Devising early warning systems

Ownership of actions is fundamental to build trust


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Timeliness and accuracy of valuation

“Window of need” = “Window of opportunity” Timely response to needs

Valuation must aim to reduce disaster impact and avoid reconstruction of preexisting vulnerability

Assessment must be done in time to mobilize necessary internal and / or external resources to help

Accuracy Valuation must aim to ensure comparability and

methodological consistency, and To be acceptable by technical standards Judgment calls, assumptions and indirect calculations

are necessary The acceptable margin of error is 10-12% Valuation must nonetheless be accurate enough to

attract investment and projects


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Disaster valuation concepts

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Direct damages Impact on assets

Infrastructure Capital Stocks

Occur immediately during or after the phenomenon that caused the disaster

Indirect damages Effects on flows

Production Reduced income and

increased expenses Are perceived after

the phenomenon, for a time-period that can last from weeks to months, till recuperation occurs


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Sector by sector valuation methodology

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Social Sectors Housing Health Education, culture,

sports

Infrastructure Transport and

communications Energy Water and sewerage

Productive sectors Goods: agriculture,

industry Services: commerce,

tourism, etc.

Global impact On the environment Gender perspective Employment and

social conditions Macroeconomic

assessment


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Social sector

Each social group’s degree of vulnerability to a natural disaster is different, and the severity of negative impact of natural disasters is as directly related to social inequalities and deprivations as to the natural hazard itself.

A Social Impact Assessment (SIA) can be crucial in determining: What mitigation is necessary What mitigation alternatives exist Which mitigation strategies are most likely to work

Accurate assessments of impacts should pay attention to gendered differentials and must be based on sound pre-existing socio-demographic data


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Dynamic global effects

Macroeconomic effects: Repercussions on the national or regional

economy after disaster The duration of repercussions depending

on the characteristics and magnitude of disaster

The effects are reflected by: Gross Domestic Product growth Performance of the external sector Evolution of public finance Increases of prices and inflation


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Disaster risk reduction

Internal policies: Include vulnerability reduction as an

objective of development plans alongside goals of: Competitive growth Equitable development Sustainable and sustained development Social participation

External policies: Introduce risk management as part of the

regional/international agenda, alongside: External competitive insertion Benefiting from the globalization process Inclusive regional insertion


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Disaster risk reduction

Sectoral components: Monitoring, analysis and climate forecasting,

including at the local level

Contingency plans in key sectors, for example: Agriculture, cattle raising, Rural poverty, Energy and baselines Water and health

Interconnected systems Regulation of basic services with sponsorship of

private enterprise Focused plans for vulnerable groups, including

for employment, food availability and nutrition Education to reduce vulnerability

Documents

Damage and Reconstruction Needs Assessment 1 11 Introduction to damage and needs assessment methodology and basic concepts Session 1 World Bank Institute