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Daily Warm-Up Exercises 1
Day 3
What’s the same and different about sand, silt, and clay?
They are all made up of a lot of small grains, but the size of the grains is different. Silt has much finer grains than sand, and clay’s are very, very fine.
Compare Rock Types 2
Compare Rock Types
Contrasting Case Activity 1, Part 3Earth History, Investigation 8
Compare Rock Types 3
Conclusions about Igneous RocksWhat features are shared by both igneous rocks?
Formed on Earth’s surface from molten rock released by a volcano
Grain size is fine to medium
Contains a lot of small air pockets
Usually feels lighter than other rocks of its size
Granite OnlyPumice OnlyBoth Granite &
Pumice
Made of minerals
Formed when molten rock cools and hardens
Rough and dull
Formed deep beneath Earth’s surface
Most grains are coarse
Usually fairly light in color
It is hard and has shiny, smooth crystals
Made of volcanic glass
Compare Rock Types 4
Conclusions about Metamorphic RocksWhat features are shared by both metamorphic rocks?
Schist OnlyQuartzite OnlyBoth Schist & Quartzite
Made of minerals
Formed when a rock changes due to heat and/or pressure
Rough
Formed deep beneath Earth’s surface
Fairly shiny
Medium to coarse grain size
Crystals are flat and arranged in layers
Formed from slate, a metamorphic rock
Dull, and hard
Fine grain size
Formed from sandstone, a sedimentary rock
Grains appear to be fused together
Compare Rock Types 5
Conclusions about Sedimentary RocksWhat features are shared by both sedimentary rocks?
Shale OnlySandstone OnlyBoth Shale & Sandstone
Made of minerals
Formed when something gets compacted and cemented together
Dull and hard
May form on or below Earth’s surface
Smooth
Very fine grain size
Grains are arranged in layers
Formed from particles of silt or clay
Rough
Medium to coarse grain size
Formed from grains of sand
May contain fossils
Compare Rock Types 6
Compare Rock TypesLook at the center sections of all three diagrams. Is there anything that all three rock types have in common?
no
Is there anything that two of the three rock types have in common?
Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks are both made of minerals.
Compare Rock Types 7
Compare Rock TypesLook at the igneous diagram. Is either of these rocks made of minerals?
granite is; pumice is not
Look at the last Venn diagram. This one has three circles, one for each rock type. How would you show that most rocks are made of minerals?
What can we conclude from this?Most rocks are made of minerals.
Compare Rock Types8
Rock Types
Most rocks are made
ofminerals
Igneous
Metamorphic Sedimentary
Compare Rock Types 9
Compare Rock Types
Is there anything else that is true about two rock types but not true about the third?
Igneous and sedimentary rocks may form on or below Earth’s surface.
Metamorphic rocks only form below the surface.
How would you show this in the diagram?
Compare Rock Types 10
Rock Types
May form on or below Earth’s surface
Only form below Earth’s surface
Most rocks are made
ofminerals
Igneous
Metamorphic Sedimentary
Compare Rock Types 11
Compare Rock Types
Fill in the diagram by entering at least one feature that is true about igneous rocks only.
Do the same for metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
Compare Rock Types12
Rock Types
Form when something gets compacted &
cemented together
May contain fossilsForm when a rock
changes due to heat and/or pressure
Form when molten rock cools & hardens
May form on or below Earth’s surface
Only form below Earth’s
surface
Most rocks are made
ofminerals
Igneous
Metamorphic Sedimentary
Compare Rock Types 13
Concluding DiscussionBased on your diagram, what do most rocks have in common?
They are made of minerals.
Suppose a previously unknown rock is discovered, and scientists categorize it as sedimentary. What can you say about this rock?
It probably formed when something got compacted and cemented together. It could have formed on or below Earth’s surface. It may contain fossils.
Compare Rock Types 14
Concluding DiscussionSuppose they categorize the unknown rock as metamorphic. What can you say about it then?
It probably formed deep beneath Earth’s surface, when a rock changed because of heat and/or pressure.
What if they categorize it as igneous? What can you say about it then?
It probably formed when molten rock cooled and hardened. It could have formed on or below Earth’s surface.