7
Nearly 90 years ago, Buckminster Fuller had already begun to lay out most of Occupy Wall Street’s core principles. Occupy Wall Street supporters have said they vow to end corruption of democracy and will no longer tolerate greed of the 1 percent of Americans who continue to become wealthy while the other 99 percent becomes poorer, according to Occupy Wall Street’s website. “There’s a real understanding (between those in the Occupy movement) that Buckminster Fuller offered a comprehensive solution framework years ago … solutions to create peace,” said Brent Ritzel, president of the Fuller Dome organization. Fuller, who came to SIU in 1959 as a professor in the School of Art and Design, designed inventions and artifacts such as the famous geodesic “Bucky” dome. The dome represents much more than simply being an artifact, whicha part of why Occupy Carbondale supporters set up camp near it when they began to protest Oct. 15, Ritzel said. Occupy Carbondale supporters sat beneath the Bucky dome Friday and discussed the similarities between Fuller’s philosophies and those of the Occupy movement. “They express that Bucky represented and actually created the comprehensive solution framework for so many of the issues that we’re talking about now,” he said. “It was out of a desire, from my understanding, to embrace that legacy.” Fuller designed his inventions and artifacts with the term ‘weaponry vs. livingry’ in mind, Ritzel said. “It’s almost a technological approach to dealing with the issue of peace. Let’s think about what we actually do ght about, as humanity, and what we go to war for. So much of it is politics but what we really mean is economics,” he said. “He was creating solutions, hoping to shi the world not for the top 1 percent but literally to make the world work for 100 percent of humanity.” In Fuller’s 1984 book “Grunch of Giants,” he discusses the dangers of corporations that control the world’s nances along with humanity’s most pressing problems and ways to solve them, said David McConville, president of the Buckminster Fuller Institute in New York City. On the institute’s website, McConville said Fuller refers to the corrupt system as the Gross Universal Cash Heist (GRUNCH), a system incapable of recognizing that maximizing monetary gains hinders the long-term requirements for human survival. Although many criticize Occupy Wall Street — which has evolved into a worldwide movement since it began Sept. 17 in New York City — for its ambiguity, McConville said movement supporters are not willing to validate the current political and economic systems by making a short list of specic demands. Years earlier, Fuller said in order to bring about change, humanity cannot ght the existing reality but build a new model. David Yepsen, director of the Paul Simon Public Policy Institute, said many people are disgusted by the political system but he believes the way to create change is to become more involved. “e Occupy movement is part of a great American tradition of protest,” he said. “But aer a protest calls media attention to a problem, any movement has to move on to other tactics to aect change.” Anti-Vietnam war activists made their mark through political activism and Martin Luther King Jr. mobilized much of his movement for political change, Yepsen said. 0RQGD\ 2FWREHU Occupy supporters inspired by Buckminster Fuller GET OUT WITH ORD 3$*( %HZDUH <RX·UH LQ IRU D VFDUH ZLWK WKLV \HDU·V KDXQWHG KRXVHV THE GRIND SPORTS 3$*( :RUOG 6HULHV ZLQ PDNHV JUHDW \HDU IRU &DUGLQDOV· IDQV 3$*( =RPELH:DON WHUURUL]HV &DUERQGDOH 9ROXPH ,VVXH SDJHV Decades before worldwide movement, former SIU professor sought out solutions, criticized corporate greed LAUREN LEONE Daily Egyptian ¶¶ W e’re fortunate in that the ideas are there. Now it’s our opportunity and our responsibility to understand where he arrived at in the course of his life and actually evolve even further. — David McConville president of Buckminster Fuller Institute Please see OCCUPY | 2 Occupy Chicago protesters march Saturday chanting slogans such as “We are the 99 percent” and “This is what democracy looks like.” The protesters marched from the Financial District to Grant Park, where they held their general assembly. More than 300 protesters have been arrested in the last two weeks for staying in Grant park after the 11 p.m. curfew. LYNNETTE OOSTMEYER | DAILY EGYPTIAN A protester holds a sign during an Occupy Chicago march Saturday in Chicago. According to the Occupy Wall Street website, the movement has brought together more than 1,500 people around the world to fight the corrosive power of major banks and multi-national corporations. LYNNETTE OOSTMEYER | DAILY EGYPTIAN University community prepares as strike date approaches In the past several months, four unions representing students, faculty and sta at the university have taken many steps toward the strike date set for ursday. While members of the unions say they want to avoid a strike, they have also said they will walk out if settlements are not reached by 12:01 a.m ursday. e Illinois Education Association unions — the Association of Civil Service Employees, the Faculty Association, Graduate Assistants United and the Non-Tenure Track Faculty Association — have been bargaining terms of their contract since their previous ones ended in June 2010. e unions are working under a contract implemented by the administration in March. In an email to the campus community Friday, Chancellor Rita Cheng said individuals have held signs saying the days they have been forced to work without contracts. She said the employees represented by the unions have never been without a contract. In the email, she said the presidents of the four unions issued notices to the university Oct. 18 that said those represented by the unions would ocially terminate their contracts Oct. 28. e unions have set up strike headquarters in part of the old Carbondale Community High School on the corner of Oakland Avenue and High Street. e ACSE represents more than 400 civil service employees in 77 positions on campus including the housing department, parking department, nancial aid oce and the Bursar’s oce. Civil service employees include accountants, admissions and records ocers, bookstore clerks, computer system operations specialists, digital computer operators, oce managers, research engineering assistants, lab assistants, technicians, storekeepers and telephone operators. A local publication reported in July that 126 employees paid dues to the union. When the union voted Sept. 27 to authorize a strike date to be set, 80 percent voted yes. e NTTFA represents non- tenure track faculty at the university. is includes instructors on campus, employees at the Southern Region Early Childhood programs, Workforce Education and Development, O- Campus Academic Programs and workers at the Head Start Program. When the union voted to authorize a strike date to be set, NTTFA President Anita Stoner said there were 137 members, 91 of which voted yes and 19 voted no. SARAH SCHNEIDER Daily Egyptian Please see STRIKE | 2 '( 'DLO\ (J\SWLDQ 6LQFH ZZZGDLO\HJ\SWLDQFRP

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Page 1: Daily Egyptian 10/31/11

Nearly 90 years ago, Buckminster Fuller had already begun to lay out most of Occupy Wall Street’s core principles.

Occupy Wall Street supporters have said they vow to end corruption of democracy and will no longer tolerate greed of the 1 percent of Americans who continue to become wealthy while the other 99 percent becomes poorer, according to Occupy Wall Street’s website.

“There’s a real understanding (between those in the Occupy movement) that Buckminster Fuller offered a comprehensive solution framework years ago … solutions to create peace,” said Brent Ritzel, president of the Fuller Dome organization.

Fuller, who came to SIU in 1959 as a professor in the School of Art and Design, designed

inventions and artifacts such as the famous geodesic “Bucky” dome. The dome represents much more than simply being an artifact, whicha part of why Occupy Carbondale supporters set up camp near it when they began to protest Oct. 15, Ritzel said.

Occupy Carbondale supporters sat beneath the Bucky dome Friday and discussed the similarities between Fuller’s philosophies and those of the Occupy movement.

“They express that Bucky represented and actually created the comprehensive solution framework for so many of the issues that we’re talking about now,” he said. “It was out of a desire, from my understanding, to embrace that legacy.”

Fuller designed his inventions and artifacts with the term ‘weaponry vs. livingry’ in mind, Ritzel said.

“It’s almost a technological approach to dealing with the issue of peace. Let’s think about what we actually do ! ght about, as humanity, and what we go to war for. So much of it is politics but what we really mean is economics,” he said. “He was creating solutions, hoping to shi" the world not for the top 1 percent but literally to make the world work for 100 percent of humanity.”

In Fuller’s 1984 book “Grunch of Giants,” he discusses the dangers of corporations that control the world’s ! nances along with humanity’s most pressing problems and ways to

solve them, said David McConville, president of the Buckminster Fuller Institute in New York City.

On the institute’s website, McConville said Fuller refers to the corrupt system as the Gross Universal Cash Heist (GRUNCH), a system incapable of recognizing that maximizing monetary gains hinders the long-term requirements for human survival.

Although many criticize Occupy Wall Street — which has evolved into a worldwide movement since it began Sept. 17 in New York City — for its ambiguity, McConville said

movement supporters are not willing to validate the current political and economic systems by making a short list of speci! c demands. Years earlier, Fuller said in order to bring about change, humanity cannot ! ght the existing reality but build a new model.

David Yepsen, director of the Paul Simon Public Policy Institute, said many people are disgusted by the political system but he believes the way to create change is to become more involved.

“# e Occupy movement is part of a great American tradition of protest,” he said. “But a" er a protest calls media attention to a problem, any movement has to move on to other tactics to a$ ect change.”

Anti-Vietnam war activists made their mark through political activism and Martin Luther King Jr. mobilized much of his movement for political change, Yepsen said.

Occupy supporters inspired by Buckminster Fuller

GET OUT WITH ORD THE GRIND SPORTS

Decades before worldwide movement,former SIU professor sought outsolutions, criticized corporate greedLAUREN LEONEDaily Egyptian

W e’re fortunate in that the ideas are there. Now it’s our opportunity and our responsibility to understand

where he arrived at in the course of his life and actually evolve even further.

— David McConvillepresident of Buckminster Fuller Institute Please see OCCUPY | 2

Occupy Chicago protesters march Saturday chanting slogans such as “We are the 99 percent” and “This is what democracy looks like.” The protesters marched from the Financial District

to Grant Park, where they held their general assembly. More than 300 protesters have been arrested in the last two weeks for staying in Grant park after the 11 p.m. curfew.

LYNNETTE OOSTMEYER | DAILY EGYPTIAN

A protester holds a sign during an Occupy Chicago march Saturday in Chicago. According to the Occupy Wall Street website, the movement has brought together more than 1,500 people around the world to fight the corrosive power of major banks and multi-national corporations.

LYNNETTE OOSTMEYER | DAILY EGYPTIAN

University community prepares as strike date approaches

In the past several months, four unions representing students, faculty and sta$ at the university have taken many steps toward the strike date set for # ursday.

While members of the unions say they want to avoid a strike, they have also said they will walk out if settlements are not reached by 12:01 a.m # ursday.

# e Illinois Education Association unions — the Association of Civil

Service Employees, the Faculty Association, Graduate Assistants United and the Non-Tenure Track Faculty Association — have been bargaining terms of their contract since their previous ones ended in June 2010. # e unions are working under a contract implemented by the administration in March.

In an email to the campus community Friday, Chancellor Rita Cheng said individuals have held signs saying the days they have been forced to work without contracts. She said the employees represented by the unions

have never been without a contract.In the email, she said the presidents

of the four unions issued notices to the university Oct. 18 that said those represented by the unions would o% cially terminate their contracts Oct. 28.

# e unions have set up strike headquarters in part of the old Carbondale Community High School on the corner of Oakland Avenue and High Street.

# e ACSE represents more than 400 civil service employees in 77 positions on campus including

the housing department, parking department, ! nancial aid o% ce and the Bursar’s o% ce. Civil service employees include accountants, admissions and records o% cers, bookstore clerks, computer system operations specialists, digital computer operators, o% ce managers, research engineering assistants, lab assistants, technicians, storekeepers and telephone operators. A local publication reported in July that 126 employees paid dues to the union. When the union voted Sept. 27 to authorize a strike date to be set, 80 percent voted yes.

# e NTTFA represents non-tenure track faculty at the university. # is includes instructors on campus, employees at the Southern Region Early Childhood programs, Workforce Education and Development, O$ -Campus Academic Programs and workers at the Head Start Program.

When the union voted to authorize a strike date to be set, NTTFA President Anita Stoner said there were 137 members, 91 of which voted yes and 19 voted no.

SARAH SCHNEIDERDaily Egyptian

Please see STRIKE | 2

Page 2: Daily Egyptian 10/31/11

D!"#$ E%$&'"!( N!"# Monday, October 31, 20112

CorrectionsIn Friday’s edition of the D!"#$ E%$&'"!(, the story titled “Fuller Dome could make comeback as museum”

should have read “Janet Donoghue, program director of the Fuller Dome organization.” ) e D!"#$ E%$&'"!( regrets this error.

About Us) e D!"#$ E%$&'"!( is published by the students of Southern Illinois University Carbondale 50

weeks per year, with an average daily circulation of 20,000. Fall and spring semester editions run Monday through Friday. Summer editions run Tuesday through ) ursday. All intersession editions will run on Wednesdays. Spring break and ) anksgiving editions are distributed on Mondays of the pertaining weeks. Free copies are distributed in the Carbondale, Murphysboro and Carterville communities. ) e D!"#$ E%$&'"!( online publication can be found at www.dailyegyptian.com.

“If people want to do something about Wall Street and corporate greed, political activism is one way to elect people who might do something about it,” he said. “Shareholder protests and activism are another. I don’t think walking away from political activism is a way to cure what is fundamentally a political issue.”

McConville said he believes politics and the processes used to organize public opinion are necessary, but Fuller argued humanity must design the environment in such a way that works for everyone.

“We can scream at each other politically all we can, but it’s too abstract,” McConville said. “) ere are approaches made about conquering and dominating the planet for certain resources, and it’s all based on these ideas of scarcity; that there’s not enough to go around for everybody and that we have to * ght to the death, if necessary, to get those resources.”

McConville said Wall Street is one of the greatest examples of this

economic philosophy, also known as Malthusian economics coined by ) omas Robert Malthus. Malthus said the world will run out of resources at the current rate of population increase.

Fuller argued while this may be true, it doesn’t have to be.

McConville said the current system was designed based on the assumption that humanity cannot possibly sustain itself. However, Fuller believed humanity has the capacity to increase quality of life and living conditions for everybody.

“(Fuller) spent decades gathering databases, running the numbers and determining that there actually is enough to go around if we were to design our societies in such a way that would regenerate and work with the natural systems,” he said. “Fuller was advocating for this many decades before it was on people’s radar.”

McConville said Fuller believed there needed to be a shi+ in priorities and principles in the way corporations manufacture products.

“We have incredible manufactur-ing and design capacities. We have amazing so+ ware and engineers and

all these materials,” he said. “Imagine weapon manufactures being shi+ ed to turn into companies that are gen-erating products that actually help people get clean water and enough electricity.”

Ritzel said he believes the Occupy movement is gaining momentum worldwide because many people have been working toward this for quite some time.

“) ere have been millions of people waiting for this,” he said. “I think it’s almost like it’s long overdue.”

Fuller’s book, “Grunch of Giants,” also describes how nature has various gestation lags between the conception of an idea and its birth, McConville said. Fuller predicted many of his ideas would take time for people to realize.

“We’re fortunate in that the ideas are there,” he said. “Now it’s our opportunity and our responsibility to understand where he arrived at in the course of his life and actually evolve even further.”

Lauren Leone can be reached at [email protected]

or 536-3311 ext. 248.

OCCUPYCONTINUED FROM 1

) e GAU represents graduate students who are teaching, research or administrative assistants. When the union voted Sept. 30 to authorize to set a strike date, 88 percent of eligible voters voted and 97 percent of those voted in favor. A local publication reported in July 77 of the 1,747 assistants represented were dues- paying members. GAU President Jim Podesva said 54 assistants joined the union the day of the vote and more continued to do so.

) e FA represents tenure and tenure-track faculty members. When the union voted Sept. 28 to authorize a strike, FA President Randy Hughes said about 220 of around 250 dues-

paying voters cast a ballot and 92 percent were in favor.

Members of the campus and community have di, erent opinions on the labor issues and whom to fol-low.

A group of students protested outside Anthony Hall Oct. 12 to show support for their teachers and sta, . Members of the Occupy Carbondale group —who have been outside Quigley Hall since Oct. 15 protesting corporate greed as part of the larger movement Occupy Wall street — have declared their support for the unions. Carbondale City Council member Jane Adams said in a press release Saturday she is in solidarity with the four unions as the strike deadline approaches.

“SIU is Carbondale’s anchor,” she said. “A large proportion of our citizens

are employed by the university. It is the economic engine for southern Illinois.”

Faculty members started a group, Faculty for Sensible Negotiations, that is in the process of trying to decertify the Faculty Association because they do not agree with the union and think there should be an alternative to the group. Mike Eichholz, an associate professor in zoology, said within a week of sending an email discussing the group to tenure and tenure-track faculty he received 140 responses in support.

If union members do go on strike, Cheng has said substitutes will be called in to * ll the positions.

Sarah Schneider can be reached at [email protected]

or 536-3311 ext. 255.

STRIKECONTINUED FROM 1

Leah StoverEditor-in-Chief

Kathleen HectorManaging Editor

Lauren LeoneDesign Chief

Editorial PolicyOur Word is the consensus of the D!"#$

E%$&'"!( Editorial Board on local, national and global issues a) ecting the Southern Illinois University community. Viewpoints expressed in columns and letters to the editor do not necessarily re* ect those of the D!"#$ E%$&'"!(.

Sarah SchneiderCampus Editor

Tara KulashCity Editor

Cory DownerSports Editor

Brendan SmithA&E Editor

Pat SutphinPhoto Editor

Grind Editor

Submissions

Letters and guest columns must be submitted with author’s contact information, preferably via email. Phone numbers are required to verify authorship, but will not be published. Letters are limited to 400 words and columns to 500 words. Students must include year and major. Faculty must include rank and department. Others include hometown. Submissions should be sent to [email protected].

Notice

+ e D!"#$ E%$&'"!( is a “designated public forum.” Student editors have the authority to make all content decisions without censorship or advance approval. We reserve the right to not publish any letter or guest column.

Gus Bode says: Send us more letters! If you can write coherently and would like to share your perspective with the world, please consider lending your voices to our pages.

To submit a letter, please go to www.dailyegyptian.com and click “Submit a Letter” or send it to [email protected]. Please make your submissions between 300 and

400 words. If you have questions, give us a call at 536-3311 ext. 263.

I was asked to write an op-ed last year on the issues of shared governance and good faith bargaining. With a few minor changes, I would like to submit that op-ed to the D!"#$ E%$&'"!(.

I am con, dent a strike can be averted, however I believe — despite assertions to the contrary — that throughout the bargaining process, the administration has adhered to the basic tenets I articulate here.

Shared governance means each recognized constituency group at the university will have major issues facing the university placed before it for discussion and debate. Each

constituency group also has the right to make its views known to the administration and the public and to be assured that those views will be considered in the mixture of factors which go into making a , nal decision.

In some areas, the faculty’s voice will be virtually the controlling factor in the , nal adoption of university policies.

+ ese areas include the curricu-lum construction for each major, the overall core curriculum which each student will be required to take, aca-demic admissions requirements and graduation requirements.

In other areas, faculty will have a major voice, and its views will be extremely important in the , nal decision. + ese areas include the recruitment and hiring of other faculty for each department, promotion and tenure standards and decisions about which faculty meet those standards.

In the case of distance education — an area in which SIU has fallen far behind other universities — losing potentially hundreds of students and millions in revenue, the same principles apply.

Because SIU must be competitive in this highly technologically driven outreach, the administration creates the policy for development

and implementation of the broad programmatic e) ort and the faculty and departmental chairs decide the curriculum and determine the content and manner in which the courses are taught. + is is a time-honored example of shared governance in all academic enterprise.

In all areas related to the management and budget of the university, the university’s administration should and must have , nal authority to make de, nitive decisions. In those areas, the faculty and other constituency voices should be solicited and taken into careful consideration; however, the administration is ultimately responsible for the university’s management and is legally accountable to the Board of Trustees and ultimately to the public.

A faculty or sta) committee cannot be held responsible and accountable for collective decisions. Only individual university administrators have such accountability. Ultimate liability rests with management.

Good faith bargaining requires

each party to present matters of faculty status and welfare, as well as , scal and management concerns in an open and honest manner. It does not mean that a predetermined outcome will be reached and that the faculty association can dictate what that result will be or block any result it does not like.

If it is not possible to resolve di) erences, then the administration must act in a timely manner in areas related to the budget.

Payroll obligations to employees and payments to vendors must be met.

+ e union can then , le a grievance or an unfair labor charge if they continue to disagree with the actions taken by the administration. If the budgetary action taken by the university has been dictated by the state, and the realities of the state’s budget situation — as it was last year when most unions on campus agreed to furlough days to help the university balance its budget, pay its bills and avoid layo) s — then the university administration must act promptly so that necessary and timely actions can be taken to

preserve the university’s functions.Ultimately, the university,

like any complex organization, is not a direct democracy, it is a representative democracy.

+ e university administration can and should consult and seek constituency input widely. However, administration cannot make every major decision the occasion for a referendum.

Administrators are responsible for taking into consideration a wide range of input and as many relevant factors as possible; however, in the end they are responsible for the management and budgeting choices of the university. + ey are solely accountable to the Board of Trustees.

I am not aware of any other university in America where the administration is being asked to give up or compromise the ultimate authority for which they only are charged with budget management. To compromise the board and administration’s ability to declare , nancial exigency with guarantees of no layo) s or furloughs, even under the most dire circumstances possible, cannot be agreed to. Only the Board of Trustees and the administration are charged by law with the , duciary responsibility of sound budget management.

GUEST COLUMNS

Adminstration must have ! nal authority to make de! nite decisionsGLENN POSHARDSIU President

Iran has just defeated the United States in Iraq.

+ e American withdrawal, which comes a- er the administration’s failure to secure a new agreement that would have allowed troops to remain in Iraq, won’t be good for ordinary Iraqis or for the region. But it will unquestionably bene, t Iran.

President Obama’s February 2009 speech at Camp Lejeune accurately de, ned the U.S. goal for Iraq as “an Iraq that is sovereign, stable and self-reliant.” He then outlined how the U.S. would achieve

that goal by working “to promote an Iraqi government that is just, representative and accountable, and that provides neither support nor safe haven to terrorists.”

Despite recent administration claims to the contrary, Iraq today meets none of those conditions. Its sovereignty is hollow because of the continued activities of Iranian-backed militias in its territory. Its stability is fragile, since the fundamental disputes among ethnic and sectarian groups remain unresolved. And it is not, in any way, self-reliant. + e Iraqi military cannot protect its borders, its airspace or its territorial waters without foreign assistance.

Although Obama has clearly

failed to achieve the goals for Iraq that he set , ve weeks a- er taking o. ce, Iran, in contrast, is well on its way to achieving its strategic objectives. Since 2004, Tehran has sought to drive all American forces out of the country, to promote a weak, Shiite-led government in Baghdad, to develop Hezbollah-like political militia organizations in Iraq through which to exert in* uence and intimidate pro-Western Iraqi leaders, and to insinuate its theocratic ideology into Iraq’s Shiite clerical establishment. It has largely succeeded in achieving each of those goals.

Preventing the extension of a Status of Forces Agreement allowing American military forces to remain

in Iraq has been the primary goal of Iranian activities in Iraq since 2008. + at year, the then-commander of U.S. forces in Iraq, Gen. Ray Odierno, told the Washington Post that he had seen intelligence reports suggesting that Tehran and its agents bribed Iraqi leaders to derail a new agreement. Iranian-backed militants also attempted to conduct an intimidation campaign to deter Iraqi o. cials from signing the extension. But back then, the Iraqi security forces and American troops had just defeated the Shiite militias in major battles in Sadr City and Basra and driven their commanders back into hiding in Iran. + eir attempts to drive the U.S. out at the end of 2008 failed.

+ is year, however, Shiite militants were able to execute a campaign of targeted assassinations. + ey also increased rocket and IED attacks on U.S. and Iraqi security forces using technologies that they had tried unsuccessfully to , eld in 2008 but have since perfected. Militias that had been badly damaged during a surge by U.S. forces were able to reconstitute during the protracted government-formation process, because Iraqi politicians were unwilling to support attacks on groups a. liated with Muqtada Sadr, whose backing was needed for Prime Minister Nouri Maliki’s continued premiership.

Out of Iraq: U.S. withdrawal will only strengthen Iran’s already-strong ties with Shiite governmentFREDERICK W. KAGAN KIMBERLY KAGANLos Angeles Times

In all areas related to the management and budget of the university, the university’s administration should and must

have final authority to make definitive decisions.

Page 3: Daily Egyptian 10/31/11

I learned something very important about myself between 10 p.m. and midnight Oct. 15.

I do not have a horror movie scream.

Luckily, that isn’t required to enjoy a haunted house. ! is is good because there are a handful near Carbondale popping up in October like daisies in May. If you have $12, and a couple of hours, there’s a haunt around the area that will thrill you.

Chittyville School Haunted House in Herrin, an annual staple in the area, began in 2004. It’s the story of a school built in 1836 above an old burial ground and during the last century the school has experienced its share of weird noises, apparitions and disappearances. In reality, Chittyville is a local haunted house with a lot to o" er.

Many of the actors are high school students and the props, makeup and school ambiance are excellent. One of the # rst rooms the thrill-seekers enter is “! e Vortex,” which is dizzying, disorienting and thoroughly fun.

Because of the actors’ ages and the local feel, Chittyville might be best for those who are easily scared or wary of haunted houses. If you do go through, make sure to touch the pig.

! e second haunted house on the mini-tour has an entirely di" erent feel.

Ray Elam, who runs Cell Block 666 in Herrin, has been in the haunted house business for 18 years and currently works with Slaughterhouse Productions of Las Vegas.

“When I was a kid, I loved Halloween, but I loved doing the scaring more than the trick-or-

treating,” he said.Cell Block 666 is a haunted house

where customers have to # nd their own way out and are met by gruesome characters and scenes along the way. ! e audio is fantastic, and much of the building is completely dark.

If you’re looking for something a little more adult and strategic, this is your haunt.

As I went through with my group, we held hands and felt along the narrowing walls for a breeze, which meant the tunnel wasn’t a dead end. ! ere wasn’t as much of the jumping-out-and-scaring, but the overall feel was much more sinister. Our

thoughts were more concentrated on how to get out rather than what was around the next corner.

! e props are expertly cra$ ed; one of the featured props was designed by Tom Savini, a special e" ects expert whose props have been used in “From Dusk Till Dawn” and who has worked with George Romero, known for his zombie-like # lms.

Elam said he hasn’t lost touch with customers despite being in the business for almost two decades.

“I’m not numb to it,” he said. “I know what scares people. ! ere’s an actual art and a science to doing a haunted house.”

Elam said Cell Block 666 has been doing its job fairly well. He said he’s found solid evidence of fright aside from the screams of customers — a pair of soiled underwear.

! e # nal stop of our Saturday night was Wolf Creek Hollow Scream Park, created and built by Pete Homoya and Jason Winkleman, which is located o" Rt. 13 West about eight miles from Carbondale.

! e park o" ers two experiences: Prison X and the Convict Corn# eld. ! is was my favorite of the three because it was a good mix of the local haunted house feel with a few more sophisticated scares. It is also

highly interactive.Jason Winkleman, a Marion

native, has also been in the haunt business for a while. He said he has been doing haunts for 12 years and had a haunted house in Las Vegas last year. He said some ideas he picked up there have been applied to the Wolf Creek Scream Park.

“I’ve been doing haunted houses since I was a child,” he said. “My parents did them when I was really young and I was always fascinated by it.”

Like Cell Block 666, Wolf Creek’s audio is excellent and professionally produced, and the actors play their parts well. One section was a silo converted into an inmate’s cell, which gave me goosebumps. ! is was the one I de# nitely jumped the highest at.

Winkleman said he has been working on the park since March and continued making additions throughout October.

All three of the haunts o" ered a unique, scary and — once you were safely through — thoroughly enjoyable experience. If you’re too old to trick-or-treat but not too old to get into the spirit of the season, haunted houses are a great way to spend a night.

Genna Ord can be reached at [email protected]

or 536-3311 ext. 251.

D%&'( E)(*+&%,F!"#$%!Monday, October 31 , 2011 3

GENNA ORDDaily Egyptian

Ghouls line the hallways of the Chittyville School Haunted House Oct. 15 in Herrin. The house is set in Chittyville School, a former elementary school that closed in 1989 and is said by the community to have a long haunted history. According to the

Chittyville School Haunted House website, the building was used as an office building during the 1990s until employees refused to go into the school alone due to sightings of ghostly figures and sounds of children both laughing and screaming.

LYNNETTE OOSTMEYER | DAILY EGYPTIAN

Get Out with Ord: Horror has a home in southern Illinois

I ’m not numb to it. I know what scares

people. There’s an actual art and a science to doing a haunted house.

— Ray Elam Cell Block 666 organizer

Page 4: Daily Egyptian 10/31/11

D!"#$ E%$&'"!( T!" G#$%& Monday, October 31, 20114

It was fair weather for a zombie apocalypse as people from the area donned their best undead makeup and shambled downtown for Carbondale’s fourth Zombie Walk.

“It’s good clean fun,” Jessie Sims said. “I could do Halloween once a month.”

Sims, creator of the event, said she came up with the idea for the event and collaborated with Carbondale Main Street to make it happen. She said she saw zombie walks happening in other towns and decided Carbondale needed one, too.

Participants gathered Saturday a) ernoon at the Town Square Pavilion, where they received makeup assistance and warmed up for the walk.

* e event attracted a wide range of people of all ages. Some had barely learned to walk, but they were able to shamble like a zombie.

People prepared by squirting fake blood on themselves, tearing their clothes and practicing their zombie shu+ e. Costumes featured exposed brains, dangling eyeballs and even a paintbrush lodged in a man’s shoulder.

From there, the zombies made their way downtown, terrorizing passers-by, storming Castle Perilous Games, invading a house and , nally stopping at the Varsity * eater to watch a zombie , lm.

* e event has attracted an average of 100 people, and Sims said 59 were pre-registered Saturday. It attracts people from a large radius, with some traveling from two hours away, she said.

Sims was one of several makeup artists to help people with their undead look. She said she started doing the makeup at the , rst event when some people who were supposed to do it didn’t show up and she had to step in.

“I like using yellows and greens for a decayed look,” she said.

Jacob Furlow, of Royalton, said it was his , rst zombie walk. He said he learned of the walk during the last one when he was inside Castle Perilous and the horde stormed in.

Robert Heins, of Herrin, said it was his , rst walk as well. He said the appeal of the zombies is their pernicious nature and guilty pleasure, and he loves movies such as “Army of Darkness.” * is led to a disagreement with Luren Richards, of Herrin, and Amy Beasley, of Murhpysboro, about whether “Army of Darkness” was really a zombie , lm.

“* e appeal is that people are having a sincere argument about what constitutes a proper zombie movie,” Richards said.

John Davis, of DuQuoin, said this was his , rst walk as well, but his kids have participated in it before and turned him onto it.

“I haven’t done anything like Halloween in years,” he said, brain in hand. “I just thought it would be a neat experience.”

Davis said he hadn’t quite worked out his zombie shamble and would just follow his kids’ lead.

His daughter, Kaitlyn Davis, said it was her second time. She dressed as a zombi, ed Marylin Monroe.

“I like everything about zombies,” she said. “If they were real and I saw one, I’d probably freak out.”

She said her brother was the one who had the zombie-style walk down, but she might give a convincing performance yet.

“But I have heels, so I’ll probably fall down a few times and that will be pretty realistic,” Kaitlyn Davis said.

One stop along the zombie walk, a) er swarming several cars on the street, was a raid on “Animal House” at 208 W. Hospital St.

Resident David Croteau said he organized the siege with Sims and they’ve done it on the previous zombie walks.

* e residents barricaded the front and back porches with overturned furniture and defended themselves with Nerf guns. * ey were able to , ght o- the zombie swarm with a barrage of foam darts and, when those ran out, foam samurai swords.

Resident Jason Kunkel said his preferred gun was the Nerf Longshot.

“We worked hard to protect the homestead,” he said. “We take the zombie apocalypse seriously.”

Eli Mileur can be reached at [email protected]

or 536-3311 ext. 244.

ELI MILEURDaily Egyptian

Zombies take to Carbondale streetsUndead storm cars, businesses, Varsity * eater

Garret Majak, of Tamaroa, defends his home from zombies Saturday during the fourth Carbondale Zombie Walk. Before the attack, event organizer

Jessie Sims turned participants into zombies with makeup. The zombies marched from the Town Square Pavilion to the Varsity Theater.

DAVID GOOLD | DAILY EGYPTIAN

Page 5: Daily Egyptian 10/31/11

D!"#$ E%$&'"!(T!" G#$%&Monday, October 31, 2011 5Visual e! ects alumna o! ers insight into " lm industry

Liz Ralston’s career has been built on creating big-budget arti) cial realities, but this past week she shi* ed her focus to real-world advice.

Ralston, now a visual e+ ects producer in hollywood, spoke to students, faculty and sta+ Friday about her 25 years in the ) lm industry, speci) cally her work with visual e+ ects. Since graduating from SIU in 1986 with a bachelor’s in ) lm production, Ralston has taken on the title of visual e+ ects producer for a number of Hollywood blockbusters including “Babe,” “Charlie Wilson’s War,” “Behind Enemy Lines” and “Armageddon.”

Upon college graduation, Ralston said her intentions were focused on the music video industry. She said music videos were at their peak in the mid-1980s, and the combination of music, graphics and video sparked her interest.

A* er she moved to California, Ralston said her varied background allowed her to explore other ) lm industry opportunities. She attributed much of her early cinematic skill to her time at SIU. It was her student production, a small feature ) lm that used a form of animation, called rotoscoping, that served as her calling card and landed the artist her ) rst job.

“It’s continual; I keep ) nding things that in, uenced me while at SIU,” Ralston said. “- e hands-on

experience I got here allowed me to walk onto that set and o+ er to do more work than (the director) was asking me to do.”

Despite the array of production classes she took during college, Ralston said many of her favorites focused on critical thinking and ) lm theory, a rarity amongst most ) lm school curriculums.

Lilly Boruszkowski, an associate professor in the department of cinema and photography, said returning alumni are tremendously bene) cial to the betterment of the university.

“It’s important for current students to know people who studied similar classes, who were sitting in (their) seats, who had a lot of the same faculty and see what their career trajectory has been and that they’ve been very successful in a lot of instances,” Boruszkowski said.

- ough Ralston’s lecture focused on speci) c industry experiences, Brouzkoski said she also o+ ered general, professional advice, namely stressing the importance of punctuality, going above and beyond, and strong relationships, a point the professor said was particularly important.

“- ere are a number of students that have worked together on projects here and who then went into their careers and continued to work together,” Boruszkowski said. “College provides the meeting grounds for a lot of that.”

Ralston said it was her ability

to network and form bonds with coworkers that helped her progress in the industry.

She said there’s no way of knowing how successful a ) lm will be from just reading a script, which she said she realized a* er she had turned down job o+ ers to work on projects that turned out to be quite pro) table, namely HBO’s “Game of - rones” and “Pirates of the Caribbean.” Ralston said past relationships and connections primarily in, uence the projects she decides to take on.

Ben Romang, a junior from Spring) eld studying cinema and photography, said the lecture helped him understand the relationship between visual e+ ects and ) lm.

“I always thought of visual e+ ects as a post-production thing, a* er the movie’s done, but (Ralston) showed that it’s very involved in every process of ) lmmaking,” Romang said.

Ralston said she’s excited about the future of ) lmmaking and the visual e+ ects industry. Although she said Hollywood continues to produce what she describes as ride ) lms — movies where visual e+ ects supersede characters in the story — she said she’s hopeful that the standard formula, a great story supported by equally astounding visuals, remains.

Brendan Smith can be reached at bsmith@dailyegyptianor 536-3311 ext. 258.

BRENDAN SMITHDaily Egyptian

Page 6: Daily Egyptian 10/31/11

Leah StoverEditor-in-Chief

Kathleen HectorManaging Editor

Lauren LeoneDesign Chief

Editorial PolicyOur Word is the consensus of the D!"#$

E%$&'"!( Editorial Board on local, national and global issues a) ecting the Southern Illinois University community. Viewpoints expressed in columns and letters to the editor do not necessarily re* ect those of the D!"#$ E%$&'"!(.

Sarah SchneiderCampus Editor

Tara KulashCity Editor

Cory DownerSports Editor

Brendan SmithA&E Editor

Pat SutphinPhoto Editor

Grind Editor

Submissions

Letters and guest columns must be submitted with author’s contact information, preferably via email. Phone numbers are required to verify authorship, but will not be published. Letters are limited to 400 words and columns to 500 words. Students must include year and major. Faculty must include rank and department. Others include hometown. Submissions should be sent to [email protected].

Notice

+ e D!"#$ E%$&'"!( is a “designated public forum.” Student editors have the authority to make all content decisions without censorship or advance approval. We reserve the right to not publish any letter or guest column.

Gus Bode says: Send us more letters! If you can write coherently and would like to share your perspective with the world, please consider lending your voices to our pages.

To submit a letter, please go to www.dailyegyptian.com and click “Submit a Letter” or send it to [email protected]. Please make your submissions between 300 and

400 words. If you have questions, give us a call at 536-3311 ext. 263.

I was asked to write an op-ed last year on the issues of shared governance and good faith bargaining. With a few minor changes, I would like to submit that op-ed to the D!"#$ E%$&'"!(.

I am con, dent a strike can be averted, however I believe — despite assertions to the contrary — that throughout the bargaining process, the administration has adhered to the basic tenets I articulate here.

Shared governance means each recognized constituency group at the university will have major issues facing the university placed before it for discussion and debate. Each

constituency group also has the right to make its views known to the administration and the public and to be assured that those views will be considered in the mixture of factors which go into making a , nal decision.

In some areas, the faculty’s voice will be virtually the controlling factor in the , nal adoption of university policies.

+ ese areas include the curricu-lum construction for each major, the overall core curriculum which each student will be required to take, aca-demic admissions requirements and graduation requirements.

In other areas, faculty will have a major voice, and its views will be extremely important in the , nal decision. + ese areas include the recruitment and hiring of other faculty for each department, promotion and tenure standards and decisions about which faculty meet those standards.

In the case of distance education — an area in which SIU has fallen far behind other universities — losing potentially hundreds of students and millions in revenue, the same principles apply.

Because SIU must be competitive in this highly technologically driven outreach, the administration creates the policy for development

and implementation of the broad programmatic e) ort and the faculty and departmental chairs decide the curriculum and determine the content and manner in which the courses are taught. + is is a time-honored example of shared governance in all academic enterprise.

In all areas related to the management and budget of the university, the university’s administration should and must have , nal authority to make de, nitive decisions. In those areas, the faculty and other constituency voices should be solicited and taken into careful consideration; however, the administration is ultimately responsible for the university’s management and is legally accountable to the Board of Trustees and ultimately to the public.

A faculty or sta) committee cannot be held responsible and accountable for collective decisions. Only individual university administrators have such accountability. Ultimate liability rests with management.

Good faith bargaining requires

each party to present matters of faculty status and welfare, as well as , scal and management concerns in an open and honest manner. It does not mean that a predetermined outcome will be reached and that the faculty association can dictate what that result will be or block any result it does not like.

If it is not possible to resolve di) erences, then the administration must act in a timely manner in areas related to the budget.

Payroll obligations to employees and payments to vendors must be met.

+ e union can then , le a grievance or an unfair labor charge if they continue to disagree with the actions taken by the administration. If the budgetary action taken by the university has been dictated by the state, and the realities of the state’s budget situation — as it was last year when most unions on campus agreed to furlough days to help the university balance its budget, pay its bills and avoid layo) s — then the university administration must act promptly so that necessary and timely actions can be taken to

preserve the university’s functions.Ultimately, the university,

like any complex organization, is not a direct democracy, it is a representative democracy.

+ e university administration can and should consult and seek constituency input widely. However, administration cannot make every major decision the occasion for a referendum.

Administrators are responsible for taking into consideration a wide range of input and as many relevant factors as possible; however, in the end they are responsible for the management and budgeting choices of the university. + ey are solely accountable to the Board of Trustees.

I am not aware of any other university in America where the administration is being asked to give up or compromise the ultimate authority for which they only are charged with budget management. To compromise the board and administration’s ability to declare , nancial exigency with guarantees of no layo) s or furloughs, even under the most dire circumstances possible, cannot be agreed to. Only the Board of Trustees and the administration are charged by law with the , duciary responsibility of sound budget management.

GUEST COLUMNS

Adminstration must have ! nal authority to make de! nite decisionsGLENN POSHARDSIU President

Iran has just defeated the United States in Iraq.

+ e American withdrawal, which comes a- er the administration’s failure to secure a new agreement that would have allowed troops to remain in Iraq, won’t be good for ordinary Iraqis or for the region. But it will unquestionably bene, t Iran.

President Obama’s February 2009 speech at Camp Lejeune accurately de, ned the U.S. goal for Iraq as “an Iraq that is sovereign, stable and self-reliant.” He then outlined how the U.S. would achieve

that goal by working “to promote an Iraqi government that is just, representative and accountable, and that provides neither support nor safe haven to terrorists.”

Despite recent administration claims to the contrary, Iraq today meets none of those conditions. Its sovereignty is hollow because of the continued activities of Iranian-backed militias in its territory. Its stability is fragile, since the fundamental disputes among ethnic and sectarian groups remain unresolved. And it is not, in any way, self-reliant. + e Iraqi military cannot protect its borders, its airspace or its territorial waters without foreign assistance.

Although Obama has clearly

failed to achieve the goals for Iraq that he set , ve weeks a- er taking o. ce, Iran, in contrast, is well on its way to achieving its strategic objectives. Since 2004, Tehran has sought to drive all American forces out of the country, to promote a weak, Shiite-led government in Baghdad, to develop Hezbollah-like political militia organizations in Iraq through which to exert in* uence and intimidate pro-Western Iraqi leaders, and to insinuate its theocratic ideology into Iraq’s Shiite clerical establishment. It has largely succeeded in achieving each of those goals.

Preventing the extension of a Status of Forces Agreement allowing American military forces to remain

in Iraq has been the primary goal of Iranian activities in Iraq since 2008. + at year, the then-commander of U.S. forces in Iraq, Gen. Ray Odierno, told the Washington Post that he had seen intelligence reports suggesting that Tehran and its agents bribed Iraqi leaders to derail a new agreement. Iranian-backed militants also attempted to conduct an intimidation campaign to deter Iraqi o. cials from signing the extension. But back then, the Iraqi security forces and American troops had just defeated the Shiite militias in major battles in Sadr City and Basra and driven their commanders back into hiding in Iran. + eir attempts to drive the U.S. out at the end of 2008 failed.

+ is year, however, Shiite militants were able to execute a campaign of targeted assassinations. + ey also increased rocket and IED attacks on U.S. and Iraqi security forces using technologies that they had tried unsuccessfully to , eld in 2008 but have since perfected. Militias that had been badly damaged during a surge by U.S. forces were able to reconstitute during the protracted government-formation process, because Iraqi politicians were unwilling to support attacks on groups a. liated with Muqtada Sadr, whose backing was needed for Prime Minister Nouri Maliki’s continued premiership.

Out of Iraq: U.S. withdrawal will only strengthen Iran’s already-strong ties with Shiite governmentFREDERICK W. KAGAN KIMBERLY KAGANLos Angeles Times

In all areas related to the management and budget of the university, the university’s administration should and must

have final authority to make definitive decisions.

Page 7: Daily Egyptian 10/31/11

The St. Louis Cardinals won 11 games during the 2011 postseason and finished up with their 11th World Series title in the team’s history.

As a lifelong Cardinals fan, it was the ultimate experience to witness this historic victory inside St. Louis’ basilica of baseball. It was an emotional roller coaster for the improbable Redbird team that beat the Texas Rangers 6-2 in Game 7 Friday night.

Walking up to the stadium was an experience in itself. Fans’ passion buckets overflowed onto the streets of 7th and Market as people spilled out the doors of Mike Shannon’s restaurant. All of the fans surfing the residual wave left behind by Thursday night’s sea of red.

The night was a blur. The whirlwind of emotions makes it difficult to pick out any one moment, as the three-hour and 19-minute game seemed to happen too fast for a memory that will last forever.

The game was full of contradictions. The atmosphere was tense but the crowd was at ease. The fives were high but the temperature was low.

Looking back, the game didn’t start with Chris Capenter’s first pitch in the seven o’clock hour Friday. The game started with the Cardinals’ come-from-behind win

from David Freese’s walk-off homerun in the 11th inning of Game 6 Thursday night.

It was fitting that the hometown kid came through again in Friday night’s game with a two-out two-RBI double to tie the game in the first inning and finished with the World Series MVP trophy in his hands.

Freese is only the sixth player in MLB history to own the title of the Most Valuable Player of both the Championship Series and the World Series.

The most interesting part of the Series wasn’t necessarily the performance Freese had in the seven games or the hitting clinic Albert Pujols put on in Game 3, it was the way all of the pieces fell into place in the final two months.

It was the Rafael Furcal glove, it was the Allen Craig bat and it was the Jason Motte arm.

With two outs in the top of the ninth inning, Fox announcer Joe Buck may have summed up the season and Series as good as it could be said.

“Nobody, I mean nobody, could have expected the Cardinals to be in this position.”

Even as the lifelong Cardinals fan I am, I won’t act like I expected this to happen. I’m still surprised I’m now able to put my thoughts and experiences on paper.

When Craig caught the fly ball from the left-handed hitting David Murphy for the final out, pandemonium occurred.

Strangers became friends and we were

all 12 years old again for the night. We shared high fives and hugs, mustard stains and memories.

A month into the regular season I wrote a column about the weariness of the team’s chances to have a successful season with starting pitcher Adam Wainwright out with a season-ending elbow injury and the addition of Lance Berkman and his ailing knees. At the time, Berkman was among

the league leaders in batting average, home runs and RBIs. I finished the column with the final thought of whether the Cardinals could turn their preseason question marks into an October exclamation point.

! at is exactly what they did Friday night.

Cory Downer can be reached at [email protected]

or 536-3311 ext. 256.

Saluki football players shot themselves in the feet early against No. 22 Illinois State Saturday on their way to their " # h straight loss.

“We got to get better,” head coach Dale Lennon said. “We’re just not a good enough football team right now to go out and play that complete game, that smart game.”

SIU (1-6, 1-5 Missouri Valley Football Conference) fell behind with 12:16 le# in the " rst quarter a# er Saluki quarterback Kory Faulkner threw a backwards pass that was picked up by Illinois State linebacker Colton Underwood and returned for a 53-yard touchdown. ! e Redbirds (6-3, 4-2 MVFC) picked up their fourth straight win with the 38-30 victory over the Salukis.

“We just can’t give points away. ! at opening drive we got things going,” Lennon said. “We threw a pass, it’s a lateral, and we didn’t recognize it as a lateral. We just watched the defense scoop and score it. ! ose are just football common sense things that we have to do.”

Faulkner had a career-high 334 yards through the air in addition to 64 on the ground with two touchdowns, but that wasn’t enough against the third best scoring defense in the Missouri Valley.

“We’re progressing (at quarterback). We put a lot on (Faulkner) this

weekend,” Lennon said. “! e defensive of Illinois State, they’re good. We knew our running game was going to be challenged, and we couldn’t just do the traditional run game.”

Saluki running back Jewel Hampton could only muster 38 yards on the ground against the toughest run

defense in the MVFC.“When you’ve got a running back

like (Hampton), it’s pretty easy to put everybody in the box and blitz everybody,” Faulkner said about Illinois State’s defensive strategy.

! e tide started to turn toward the Salukis late in the third quarter when

Illinois State running back Ashton Leggett was ejected a# er a personal foul was called when he le# the bench during a scu$ e between both sides.

“It’s competitive. ! e game was getting a little out of hand,” Illinois State head coach Brock Spack said. “I don’t know exactly what happened, but

things just happen when you’re out of control, and we lost our composure.”

Saluki wide receiver David Lewis caught his " rst career touchdown pass with 27 seconds le# in the third quarter to lessen the de" cit to 31-21. A " eld goal by Jackson MacLachlan with 9:26 le# in the fourth made it a 10-point game, but Illinois State answered back with a three-yard touchdown run by Redbird running back Cli% on Gordon that all but sealed the game with 4:31 le# in the game.

“I don’t think it’s a scheme thing. I don’t think it’s a coaching thing,” senior safety Mike McElroy said. “I think we’re in the right spot, we just didn’t make plays. I don’t know what the secret formula is for that, we just have to be better at making plays.”

SIU dropped their " # h straight game of the year and needs to win their last three games of the season to " nish above .500 on the year. Despite that, the Salukis have been within seven points of the lead in the fourth quarter of each of their " ve losses, but they can’t seem to pull away in the closing minutes.

“! ey were the best 2-5 team I think I’ve ever seen,” Spack said. “! ey’ve had a lot of tough things happen to them. We’ve all been there in coaching. It’s just one of those years.”

SIU travels to South Dakota State (3-6, 2-4 MVFC) Saturday.

Joe Ragusa may be reached at [email protected]

or 536-3311 ext.269.

Saluki quarterback Kory Faulkner breaks free of defenders Saturday during the 38-30 loss to Illinois State University at Saluki Stadium. Faulkner, who had one passing and one rushing touchdown, ran for 44 of the 73 total rushing

yards and threw for 334 yards. The Salukis were a touchdown behind the nationally ranked Redbirds until four and a half minutes left in the game, when ISU running back Clifton Gordon ran in for a three-yard touchdown.

STEVE MATZKER | DAILY EGYPTIAN

JOE RAGUSADaily Egyptian

CORY DOWNERDaily Egyptian

Cardinals turn it up to 11

Football loses ! fth straight to No. 22 Illinois State

VOLLEYBALL

Mitch Downey, center, of St. Louis, celebrates Friday outside Busch Stadium after the Cardinals won the World Series. Thousands of people tailgated outside the stadium and

surrounding parking lots during the game, and several of them were maced by police officers after a crowd pushed their way through a center field gate.

STEVE MATZKER | DAILY EGYPTIAN