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IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER DCN: 21-07-0360-00-0000Title: IEEE 802.21 – DVB IntegrationDate Submitted: November, 2007Presented at IEEE 802.21 session #23 in AtlantaAuthors or Source(s):

Burak Simsek (Fraunhofer Institute)Jens Mödeker (Fraunhofer Institute)Teodor Buburuzan (Technical University of Braunschweig)Michael Grigat (Deutsche Telekom)Patrick Stupar (NEC)Peter Pogrzeba (Deutsche Telekom)Michelle Wetterwald (Eurecom)Andreas Sieber (IRT)

Abstract: This presentation recommends an extension to the IEEE 802.21 standard for including DVB technologies.

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IEEE 802.21 presentation release statementsThis document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.21 Working Group. It is

offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.21.

The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as outlined in Section 6.3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3> and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/guide.html> 

IEEE 802.21 presentation release statementsThis document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.21 Working Group. It is

offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.21.

The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as stated in Section 6 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board bylaws <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sect6-7.html#6> and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/faq.pdf> 

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Outline

DVB Summary

DVB-H

Survey Results on DVB-H

Hybrid Networks

Why integrate DVB into IEEE 802.21

How to Integrate

Conclusion

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Digital Video Broadcasting DVB

Initiated in 1991 for digital TV More than 260 broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators in

over 35 countries Currently more than 150 million DVB receivers are in use Traditional broadcasting (TV Channels) over different media types

• DVB-C (able)• DVB-S (atellite)• DVB-T (errestrial)

DVB-H is based on DVB-T standard but designed for small, portable devices like Mobile Phones.

• Optimized reception in mobile environments through new modulation and error correction mechanisms (better signal quality)

• By the use of time-slices is perfect suited for small, battery-powered devices

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DVB-H

DVB Transmitter

3- Around 40 channels with 300kbps

1- Unlimited number of receivers

2- Up to 40 km coverage

4- Supported by over 60 manufacturers

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DVB-H

Mobile TV with DVB-H has been tested in more than 40 countries

• 7 countries launched commercial services• Finland, Italy, India, Albania, Philippines, Vietnam, Nigeria

• Other countries are planning initial services for 2008 (Germany, Russia, Spain, USA, UK…)

Example United Kingdom (Arqiva - Oxford) :• 85% satisfied customers, 72% willing to pay for the service within 12

months • 37% of usage while commuting to and from work • An average of 24 minutes of view per session / 4 hours per week• Traditional TV programs more attractive than made-for-mobile

content• Customized and interactive services are demanded such as video

Blogging

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IP Datacast

DVB was initially designed for Digital TV reception• One-to-many unidirectional connections

No Interactivity, passive TV watchers• MPEG2 streams

No IP, no other service

IP Datacast• Developed by the DVB CBMS (Convergence of Broadcast and Mobile

Services ) Working Group• Enables traditional IP based services over DVB• Defines service enabler for broadcast services

Purchase, Service Description, schedule and acquisition…• Supports the integration of cellular networks as service enablers

Return Channel

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Hybrid Networks Using DVB-H

3GP

P/IE

EE

Netw

ork

Provider

Multicast / Broadcast Services

Return Channel

DV

B N

etwo

rk

Provid

er

DVB

IEEE/3GPP

IP D

atacast Service

Provider

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ConvergenceWorld of Broadcast

World of Telecom

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The missing part

In the following years we will dominantly witness services using hybrid networks

• Devices capable of UMTS, DVB-H, WLAN… are already there• For a common user interface an interactive mobile TV standard

with a media independent Java API (JSR 272) is also there• Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Mobile Broadcast Services Enabler

Suite (BCAST) • Supports DVB-H, 3GPP MBMS, 3GPP2 and mobile unicast streaming systems at the

application layer

Interaction with other technologies at the network and data link layer is missing and needed

• IEEE 802.21 is currently the best candidate to fill in this gap!

Different than other networks: Hybrid Networks fundamentally need cooperation among existing technologies hence need IEEE 802.21 more than others

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DVB and Handover

Intra-technology handover for DVB is already defined

Inter-technology handover reasons given in the current draft are also true for DVB deployments

• QoS concerns, service availability, mobility, price, power management, network selection…

Some handover scenarios:• Especially in suburban and intra-urban areas handover between

DVB and UMTS/WIMAX is needed• Automobiles equipped with DVB - UMTS- WIMAX already being tested by

some manufacturers• Price issues might foster use of WLAN when available• In case of service unavailability on a specific DVB network

choose UMTS or WIMAX…

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How to Integrate

IEEE 802.21 assumes bidirectional connection• Information can be exchanged between peer MIHF entities

This is not directly possible for DVB • Needs an uplink channel for bidirectional connection • Communication with own MIHF is possible in all cases• Integrate unidirectional DVB

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MIH Reference Model for DVB-H

MIH Event ServiceMIH Command ServiceMIH Information Service

Media Independent Handover Function

(MIHF)

MIH-SAP

Layer 3 or higher Mobility Protocol (L3MP), HandoverPolicy, Transport, Applications

MIH-DVB-SAP

DVB Device DriverMPE

Has two parts: • MIH related information from DVB transmitter• MIH related information from DVB interface

Program Specific Information/Service Information

(PSI/SI)

Electronic Service Guide ESG

MP

EG

2H

igher layer

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Integration of DVB

DVBInterface

MIH FunctionMIH Function

DVB Network

MIH Function

MIH User

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Integration approach

A study group should work on• definitions of MIIS information elements for DVB• MIES and MICS parameter mapping/definitions for DVB • definition of MICS, MIES, MIIS interfaces between

drivers of DVB and IEEE 802.21• recommendations for DVB driver implementations

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Next Steps

Further discussions within IEEE and DVB Formation of a study group (feasibility analysis)

• Analysis and evaluation of compatibility Unidirectional Connections

• Definition of parameters• Definition of interfaces to MIES, MICS and MIIS• Preparation of implementation recommendations

• Consider integrating bidirectional DVB-H Definition of requirements Definition of bidirectionality related parameters Definition of new primitives and protocols if needed Implementation recommendations

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Relevant Studies and References

DAIDALOS http://www.ist-daidalos.org/default.htm

1. Ilka Miloucheva, Jens Moedeker, Dirk Hetzer, "Handover and resource management of mobile nodes with unidirectional links", IEEE ICWMC, Guadeloupe, 2007

2. Kornfeld, M.; May, G. “DVB-H and IP Datacast - Broadcast to Handheld Devices” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Special Issue on "Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting", vol.53, no.1, S.161-170, Invited Paper

3. Buburuzan, T.; May, G.; Melia, T.; Mödeker, J.; Wetterwald, M.“Integration of Broadcast Technologies with Heterogeneous Networks - An IEEE 802.21 Centric Approach” IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) 2007, Las Vegas, 12.01.-14.01.2007

4. Teodor Buburuzan, Nikos Koutsouris, Krzysztof Loziak , “An end-to-end QoS architecture for ensuring the reliable delivery of broadband applications” IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) 2008, Las Vegas, 11.01.-13.01.2008

5. Pedro A.Aranda Gutierrez,  Ilka Miloucheva, and Sathya Rao, “Automated QoS policy adaptation for heterogeneous access network environments” In Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications (ICSNC 2007), Cap Esterel, French Riviera, France, 2007

6. S. Sargento, T. Melia , A. Banchs, I. Soto, J. Moedeker, L. Marchetti, "Mobility through Heterogeneous Networks in a 4G Environment", WWRF 17, Heidelberg, 2006

7. The Economics of Mobile Broadcast TV http://www.mdtvalliance.org/imwp/download.asp?ContentID=10295

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Conclusion

Hybrid Broadcast/Mobile Networks composed of 3GPP and IEEE technologies have significant financial advantages for all mobile network operators

• Initial mobile TV services using hybrid networks in different countries have shown that customer acceptance is very high

• We will witness more and more hybrid networks in the following years

Hybrid Networks need more cooperation among different technologies than vertical handovers do

IEEE 802.21 is the best candidate to provide with the required cooperation

An amendment of IEEE 802.21 supporting vertical handovers with DVB will have high impact on offered services, hence on the market value of hybrid networks!

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Thank You!

burak.simsek@fokus.fraunhofer.de

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MIH

In the case of a system with multiple network interfaces of arbitrary type, the MIH Users may

use the Event Service, Command Service and Information Service provided by MIHF to manage, determine, and control the state of the underlying interfaces. These services provided by MIHF help the MIH Users in maintaining service continuity, service adaptation to varying quality of service,

battery life conservation, network discovery, and link selection.

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MIH

• Handover: the process by which a mobile node obtains facilities and preserves traffic flows upon occurrence of a link switch event.

• The scope of the IEEE 802.21 (Media Independent Handover) standard is to develop a standard that provides link layer intelligence and other related network information to upper layers to optimize handovers between heterogeneous networks.

• The purpose of the IEEE 802.21 standard is to enhance the user experience of mobile devices by supporting handovers between heterogeneous networks. The standard addresses the support of handovers for both mobile and stationary users.

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MIH

• For the stationary user, handovers may become imminent when the surrounding environment changes, making one network more attractive than another. Another possibility is that the user may choose an application which requires a handover to a higher data rate channel, for example during download of a large data file. In all cases service continuity should be maximized during the handover.

• Various applications have different tolerance characteristic for delay and data loss. Application aware handover decisions may be enabled by making a provision for such characteristics.

• Network discovery is essential to provide new possibilities for network selection to suit the need of the applications and mobility. The IEEE 802.21 standard defines the network information and specifies the means by which such information may be obtained for supported access networks and made available to the MIH Users. The network information could include information about link type, link identifier, link availability, link quality, etc.

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Time Slicing

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IP Datacast as a Protocol Stack

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IEEE 802.21 Relevant information Resources : PSI/SI and ESG

DVB-H PSI/SI

ESG

ESG application

Service Application

Program Specific Information (PSI) / Service Information (SI)

Electronic Service Guide (ESG)

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PSI/SI

Periodically distributed tables for network and service specific information

• PAT: Program association table• PMT: Program Map Table• NIT: Network Information Table• INT: IP/MAC Notification Table• CAT: Conditional Access Table• SDT: Service Description Table

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ESG XML Fragment

Describe IPDC Service (IPTV, ring tones…)

Service Bundle

Purchase

PurchaseChannel

Service

Schedule Event

Content

Acquisition0..n

0..n

0..1

0..n0..n

0..n

0..n

1

List of Services offered as a bundle

Broadcast Time

Service Access Related Information (media, session description, content type, …)

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DVB-H Development in Nord America

MDA : Mobile DTV Alliancepromote the adoption of Mobile TV technology via

DVB-H Disney, HiWire, Intel, Microsoft, Modeo, Motorola,

Nokia and Texas Instruments currently two broadcasters in North America (Modeo

and HiWire) building out mobile TV broadcast networks based on DVB-H.

MediaFLO the only serious competitor

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Survey Results in USA (DVB-H)

99% of users were satisfied or very satisfied (64%) with the picture clarity.

87% of users were satisfied or very satisfied (37%) with service availability

98% of users like or very much like (75%) having live TV and radio available on their cell phone

Average viewing sessions lasted 30-35 minutes with most viewing on weekdays;

Average number of minutes viewed per day averaged around 15 minutes.

52% of users said they watched more TV overall as a result of having the service available to them.

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Competition for Broadcast

Standard Frequency Range

Bandwidth Deployment

DVB-H 470-890 MHz 8MHz Europe, Nord America, South Asia, Australia

DVB-SH 2.17-2.2 GHz 8MHz Not yet deployed

T-DMB 174-240MHz 1.54MHz South Korea, part of Europe

S-DMB 2.63-2.655 GHz 25MHz South Korea

FLO 719MHz 8MHz US

ISDB-T 470-770MHz 429kHz Japan

STiMi 2.6GHz China

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Advantages of Hybrid Networks

DVB-H network operators profit from:• Virtual bidirectional channel• AAA support• Enabling more services as a result of interactivity

• Customized advertisements, Mobile TV, live polls, purchase banners, interactive games, chat services, webcasting, file transfers…

3GPP/3GPP2, IEEE network operators profit from:• Market penetration with little investment

• DVB-H supported by the EU commission as the mobile TV standard• 20 billion € expected revenue in 2011 (2 million subscribers in 2006, 6 million

in 2007)• Use of existing broadcasting brands• New services as with DVB-H• Multicasting with much better quality, to a larger set of customers

with one transmitter

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DVB-H service of 3 Italia since 2006

Currently more than 1 million customers

source: bmcoforum http://www.bmcoforum.org/index.php?id=62

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Step 2: DVB with virtual bidirectional link

No changes needed in the standard as long as L3 is used for interaction with peer MIHF entities

Handover with DVB in virtual bidirectional case includes• handover of the downlink channel• handover of the uplink channel (other technologies)

Task group should define required interfaces in order to:• determine the need for virtual bidirectional channel• manage the choice of the uplink channel for DVB• build virtual bidirectional channel for interactive services• manage handovers of the uplink channel (stable virtual bidirectional

link)• manage changes from virtual bidirectional to bidirectional or vice

versa

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Step 2: Integration of bidirectional DVB

DVBInterface

MIH FunctionMIH FunctionMIH Function

Higher Layer Trasport

MIH User

DVB Network

Transport of MIH protocol for DVB is over L3• MIHF protocol at link layer would require changes in the standard

MIHF must be aware of unidirectional interfaces• If no other technology with L3 connectivity exists, it is not possible to send MIH information, although

MIH relevant information can still be received over DVB Network

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UDLR Unidirectional Link Routing