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NAVSWC MP 91-40 AD-A242 916
FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX (A USER'SGUIDE FOR USE WITH RFF FORTH)
BY HANSEOK KO
UNDERWATER SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT
14 U NE I" " D T I Cf -LECTE
SN0V 2 7,199t~
Approved for pubic reles; distribution is unlimited.-J
NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTERDAddWMn *ghl 2NW4-sin SI4v Sp, ing mwomd 203-Sm
91 1125 100 91-16493
NAVSWC MP 91-404
FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX(A USER'S GUIDE FOR USE WITH RFF FORTH)
BY HANSEOK KO
UNDERWATER SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT
14JUNE 1991
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTERDahlgren, Virginia 22448-5000 * Silver Spring. Maryland 20903-S000
NAVSWC MP 91-404
FOREWORD
The FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX is to be used to develop FORTH based applicationsoftware. This document is intended to provide a manual detailing the procedures andusage.
This document has been reviewed by the users in the Simulation and Training Sectionfor its technical integrity and the Underwater Signal Processing Branch's line managementfor elements of format and style.
The GRAPHICS TOOLBOX has evolved over a period of two years with input frommany users. The author would like to extend his thanks to several people for their input.Kit Yan is credited with the development of many graphics routines at the beginning of thisproject; the entire project was made much easier because of the strong foundation laid outinitially by Yan. Bob Davis, Phil Craun, and Paul Craun provided much useful technicalinsight in the development of this document. Finally, Ira Rosenbaum, MarkWilliams, BobOtte, and John Sherman provided the encouragement to the author in pursuing this project.
If you have questions or comments about the TOOLBOX, please contact U25 (HanseokKo), (301)394-2372. Comments are welcome and will be considered when the TOOLBOX isrevised.
Approved by:
C. Kalivretenos, Deputy Department HeadUnderwater Systems Department
i/ii
NAVSWC MAP 9 1-404
CONTENTS
Chapter Page
1 INTRODUCTION....................................... 1-1
2 INSTALLATION....................................... 2-1
3 HOW TO READ TOOLBOX .............................. 3-1
4 FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX........................... 4-1
5 REFERENCES ........................................ 5-1
Appendixes
A FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION........................... A-1
B SOURCE CODE ....................................... B-1
ii i/iv
NAVSWC MP 91-404
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
3-1 FORTH STACK DIAGRAM ................................. 3-2
TABLES
Table Page
4-1 VIDEO ENVIRONMENT SETUP ROUTINES ................ 4-1
4-2 DIRECT VIDEO DRAWING COMMANDS ................... 4-2
4-3 BIOS CALLED VIDEO DRAWING COMMANDS ............. 4-2
4-4 DIRECT VIDEO DRAWING APPLICATION COMMANDS .... 4-2
4-5 BIOS CALLED VIDEO DRAWING APPLICATIONCOM MANDS ........................................... 4-3
4-6 DIRECT VIDEO DEMO ROUTINES ......................... 4-3
4-7 BIOS CALLED VIDEO DEMO ROUTINES ................... 4-3
4-8 BIOS FUNCTION CALLS .................................. 4-4
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NAVSWC MP 91-404
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX is a rich collection of graphics routines immediately
useful for all FORTH-based application software running on IBM-PC clone microcomputers.
The routines are built based on graphics related primitives of both video BIOS call functions
and Direct-video functions. The user can develop more exotic application software based on
the routines listed in this package.
The central features of the FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX are functions for:
* Video screen environment setup.
" Direct and BIOS called video drawing of a point, a line, and a circle.
• Direct and BIOS called drawing application.
* Demonstration of the package's graphics capabilities.
These functions are implemented in the FORTH environment under the file name
GRAPHICS.SEQ. Accessing this file will allow the user to make changes, add features, or.
learn how a given algorithm works. New application routines can be developed easily by
first loading GRAPHICS.SEQ and experimenting with the application SEQ-files.
The GRAPHICS TOOLBOX has evolved over a period of 2 years with input from many
users, including those mentioned in the Foreword.
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NAVSWC M? 91-404
CHAPTER 2
INSTALLATION
FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX can be installed by first getting into RFF FORTH
working space. RFF 1 is a 16-bit FORTH system built upon the work of several people: the
original F83 system by Laxen and Perry, the "FF" system by Tom Zimmer et. al., and
numerous contributions of Robert Davis. FORTH2 is a language that begins with a
powerful set of standard commands, then provides the mechanism by which a user can
define his/her own commands. The structured process of building definitions upon previous
definitions is the FORTH equivalent of high-level coding. Alternatively, words may be
defined directly in assembler mnemonics, using FORTH's assembler. All commands are
interpreted by the same interpreter and compiled by the same compiler. The user can get
into the RFF FORTH environment by typing tRFF' from a directory containing the
'RFF.EXE' file.
Once in the RFF FORTH environment, type:
FLOAD GRAPHICS
to load GRAPHICS.SEQ. After GRAPHICS.SEQ is loaded, test it by invoking a
demonstration graphics routine such as "TELLIPSE." Upon invoking 'TELLIPSE", the
user should see random sets of different colored concentric rings displayed on the screen.
2-1/2-2
NAVSWC MP 91-404
CHAPTER 3
HOW TO READ THE TOOLBOX
Each routine or function, presented in Reference A, is tagged as either CODE or
WORD. CODE implies that it is an assembly routine that exists because it is either a BIOS
called function or an attempt to save processing time. WORD implies that it is colon (:)
defined and structured in order to get the full advantage of the FORTH environment.
"Category" is listed to provide a quick reference to the routine's background such as
whether it is a direct video or BIOS called function.
A stack diagram is provided adjacent to the name of each routine in the parenthesis.
For example, the first line for routine LINE looks like this:
LINE ( xl yl x2 y2 color #--)
The order of inputs typed onto the screen is important since it determines the inputs'
respective positions on the stack. In the above case, the computer performs the operation in
accordance to the task defined by LINE by either pushing or popping the numbers on the
stack. The FORTH's stack is described as "last-in, first-out" (LIFO). This means that the
only accessible value at any given time is the top value. The system reads input from left to
right and executes each word in turn. For input, the rightmost value on the screen will end
up on top of the stack. For output, the rightmost value on the screen came from the lowest
position on the non-empty column of the stack. The order of inputs with respect to the top of
the stack, for the LINE routine, is as follows:
3-1
NAVSWC MP 91-404
xl
yl
x2
y2
color # top of stack
FIGURE 3-1. FORTH STACK DIAGRAM
If a numerical output is desired, the corresponding output variables are listed to the
right of the dash (--) in the stack diagram. But if no output variable is listed, as in the case
of LINE routine, then an action on the hardware such as "drawing" is expected as the
output.
The ranges of the legitimate numerical values are indicated in the Description block.
Most values must be given as integers; however, some routines require real numbers as
input. When real numbers are required, the input variables in the stack diagram will be
denoted by a decimal point as shown below.
AUTOSCALE (xl. x2. x y color npt hv -- )
In general, there are two categories of graphic routines: the direct-video and the BIOS
call. The BIOS call routines are denoted by a " _BIOS "postfix attached to the syntax of
3-2
NAVSWC MP 91-404
the direct-video counterparts. For example, direct-video's AST routine has BIOS call
counterpart AST-BIOS which is invoked with software interrupt 10H.
The direct-video routines are at least 10 times faster than the BIOS call routines in
getting the corresponding image on the screen. However, the BIOS call routines may
become handy if there is a mismatch between the direct-video routines and the display mode
type. For example, a program using only BIOS function calls for video output will run in
almost any MS-DOS environment, regardless of the video hardware, including (but not
limited to) the entire IBM PC and PS/2 family.
The available colors are simple combinations of the primary colors red, green, and blue
mapped into 16 colors as follows:
0 = = BlackI = Blue2 = = Green3 = = Cyan4 = = Red5 = = Violet6 = = Yellow (brown)7 = = White8 = = Black (gray)9 = = Intense blue
10 = = Intense green11 = = Intense cyan12 = = Intense red13 =- Intense violet14 = = Intense yellow15 = = Intense white
3-3/3-4
NAVSWC MP 91-404
CHAPTER 4
FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX
REFERENCE
This chapter contains a listing of all FORTH Graphics Toolbox routines grouped by
subject, listed in alphabetical order, and followed by a brief description of the routine.
TABLE 4-1. VIDEO SCREEN ENVIRONMENT SETUP ROUTINES
VIDEO SCREEN ENVIRONMENT SETUP ROUTINES
ANDVIDEO Latched pixels ADedCGA HI 640x200 2-color CGAC080 Switch to text modeEGA HI 640x350 16-color EGAEGA LO 640x200 16-color EGA8x8FONT Set 8-pixel font8xl4FONT Set 14-pixel font8x16FONT Set 16-pixel fontNORMALVIDEO Latched pixels replacedOR VIDEO Latched pixels ORedSET__GRAPHMODE Set the screen to VGA/EGA/CGA etc.XOR VIDEO Latched pixels XORedVGA__HI 640x480 16-color VGA
4-1
NAVSWC MP 91-404
TABLE 4-2. DIRECT VIDEO DRAWING COMMANDS
DIRECT VIDEO DRAWING COMMANDS
ANDVIDEO Latched pixels ADedELLIPSE Draws an ellipse/circleHORIZ _LINE Draws an horizontal staight lineLINE Draws a stght line of any orientationVERT LINE Draws a vertical straight lineCHIYPLOT Plot a character
TABLE 4-3. BIOS CALLED VIDEO DRAWING COMMANDS
BIOS CALLED VIDEO DRAWING COMMANDS
ELLIPSE BIOS Draws an ellipse/circleHORIZ _LINE BIOS Draws an horizontal staight lineLINE__BIOS Draws a stght line of any orientationPUT_ PIXEL Plot a pointVERT LINE BIOS Draws a vertical straight lineCHRPLOTBIOS Plot a character
TABLE 4-4. DIRECT VIDEO DRAWING APPLICATION COMMANDS
DIRECT VIDEO DRAWING APPLICATION COMMANDS
AUTOSCALE Draws a scale with tick marksOUTTEXTXY Plot a string of charactersSIGPLOTB Plot a string of characters
4-2
NAVSWC MP 91-404
TABLE 4-5. BIOS CALLED VIDEO DRAWING APPLICATION COMMANDS
BIOS CALLED VIDEO DRAWING APPLICATION COMMANDS
AUTOSCALEBIOS Draws a scale with tick marksOUTTEXTXYBIOS Plot a string of characters
TABLE 4-6. DIRECT VIDEO DEMO ROUTINES
DIRECT VIDEO DEMO ROUTINES
AMERICA Writes texts in graphics modeAST Draws a set of scales with tick marksFIREWORKI Draws random flashes of fireballsFIREWORK3 Draws random flashes of fireballsTELLIPSE Draws random sets of ringsTLINE Draws random sets of linesTXT Writes texts in four orientations
TABLE 4-7. BIOS CALLED VIDEO DEMO ROUTINES
BIOS CALLED VIDEO DEMO ROUTINES
AMERICA BIOS Writes texts in graphics modeAST__BIOS Draws a set of scales with tick marksFIRE WORK2 Draws random flashes of fireballsTLINE BIOS Draws random sets of linesTXT__BIOS Writes texts in four orientations
4-3
NAVSWC MP 91-404
TABLE 4-8. BIOS FUNCTION CALLS
BIOS FUNCTION CALLS
FONTAD Get FONT address within EGAIVGAGET__GRAPHMODE Get info about current graphic modeGET__PIXEL Read color info at (x,y) pixel locationGETXY Read current cursor positionGOTOXY Move cursor to (x,y) positionPUTPIXEL Plot a point at (x,y) pixel locationREADCHAR Read character at current cursor positionSCROLLPAGEDOWN Scroll texts top to bottom on screenSCROLLPAGEUP Scroll texts bottom to top on screenSETACTIVEPAGE Select a page as active page for graphicsSETBORDER Draw a border lineSETGRAPHMODE Set the screen to various graphics modesSET__PALETI Change palette's color entry to new colorWRITECHAR Put character at current cursor positionWRITE__TCHAR Put character at current cursor position and
move cursor to next position
4-4
NAVSWC MIP 9 1-404
REFERENCES
1. Davis, Robert H., "RFI - A 16-Bit Memory Model for Large Address SpaceComputers," Proceedings of SIGFORTH Applications Symposium, Austin, TX, Feb1989.
2. Brodie, Leo, Starting FORTH, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1981.
5-1/5-2
NAVSWC MP 91-404
APPENDIX A
FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
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APPENDIX B
FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX
SOURCE CODE
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DISTRIBUTION
Copies Copies
Chief of Naval Operations CommanderDepartment of the Navy Fleet Training GroupATTN: OP-392C 1 Western PacificWashington, DC 20350 FPO Seattle WA 98782 2
COMDESRON-15 Internal DistributionAttn: LCD Steve Anthony 1 E231 2FPO San Francisco CA 96601-4717 E232 3
U 1COMDESRON-20 U02 1Attn: CAPT Kaiser 1 U20 1FPO Miami FL 34099-4719 U25 3
U25 (Craun, P.) 1Defense Technical Information Center U25 (Craun, P.J.) 1Cameron Station U25 (Davis) 1Alexandria, VA 22304-61451 12 U25 (French) 1
U25 (Ko) 7U25 (Rosenbaum) 2U25 (Yan) 1
(1)
' Form ApprovedREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OM o.0vPublic repobng burden for thit collection of information a estimated to average I horP er respone, including the tme for reviewing insructom, searhing nstg databouat. gathwng end maintaining the date needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding the burden etimate or any Otheraspect of thi collection of intonnation. including sggetiorn for reducing this burlen. to Washington Headquarters Services,. Directote for Information Operation endleport, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 222-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (070"410),Wash gton. DC 20503
1. AGENCY USE ONLY(Lve blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED14 June 1991 FINAL
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERSFORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX (A USER'S GUIDE FOR USEWITH RFF FORTH)
6. AUTHOR(S)
Hanseok Ko
7. PERFORMING ORGAN/ZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) L PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER
Naval Surface Warfare Center10901 New Hampshire Avenue NAVSWC MP 91-404Silver Spring, MD 20903-5000
9. SPONSORINGIMONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORINGAGENCY REPORT NUMBER
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
FORTH GRAPHICS TOOLBOX has a rich collection of graphics routines immediately useful for allFORTH based application software running on IBM-PC clone microcomputers. The routines are builtupon graphics related primitives of both video BIOS call functions and direct-video functions. The usercan develop more exotic application software based on the routines listed in this package.
14. SUBJECTTERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGESGraphics Applications 65Routines FORTH 16. mR. CODESoftware Underwater acoustics signal processing
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. UMrTATON OFOF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT ABSTRACTUNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED SAR
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