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Monograph forCorvalen(D-Ribose)

Chemistry:

D-ribose is a natural pentose sugar. D-ribose is a structural component of DNA, RNA, ATP, GTP, flavins (FAD,

riboflavin) and other important nucleotides found in all living cells.

Pharmacology:

Purine nucleotides (ATP and its precursors) lost due to ischemia, hypoxia, or geneticpredisposition are replaced via the purine nucleotide pathway. This pathway is rate

limited by the availability of ribose in tissue.

Ribose is formed naturally via the pentose phosphate pathway. This pathway is slowand rate-limited in cardiac and skeletal muscle due to an inherently low concentration

(lack of expression) of driver enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The product of this pathway is ribose-5-

phosphate, which in turn is converted to 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP),

the primary driver in the synthesis and salvage of purine nucleotides. No othercompound can be used by the body for this metabolic purpose.

Administration of exogenous ribose bypasses the rate-limiting steps in the pentosephosphate pathway, resulting in a significant acceleration in purine nucleotide

synthesis and salvage.

Renewed concentration of ATP is accompanied by an increased energy potential inthe cell, also known as the energy charge.

Cardiac and skeletal muscle functions (i.e. contraction, cell wall maintenance,relaxation, polarization of the cell membrane) each require a different, quantifiableenergy charge to drive or provide allosteric regulation for each function. Restoration

of cellular energy charge restores function consistent with the degree of energy

charge restored.

Pharmacokinetics: D-ribose is rapidly and readily (~95%) absorbed with peak blood levels found within

30 45 minutes.

D-ribose is phosphorylated by ribokinase as it crosses the cell membrane formingribose-5-phosphate.

Ribose not taken up by the cell is excreted unchanged in the urine.

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Uses: Corvalen is a clinical nutrition product designed for the dietary management of:

Acute or chronic ischemic heart disease including congestive heart failure, coronaryartery disease, angina and cardiomyopathy.

Open-heart surgical procedures both to stabilize and energize the heart pre-operatively, and to accelerate recover post-operatively.

Post MI event to re-energize the heart and minimize cell damage due to lost ATP. Acute or chronic ATP deficiencies in muscle related diseases such as fibromyalgia,

chronic fatigue syndrome, AMP deaminase polymorphism or mitochondrial disease.

Extending endurance exercise and increasing exercise tolerance. Muscle recovery from high intensity exercise. Altitude sickness.

Cautions:

Mild, transient hypoglycemia; ribose may compete for phosphoglucomutase, a liverenzyme responsible for glycogen mobilization.

GI symptoms are mild and consistent with placebo. Insulin dependent diabetics and pregnant women should consult their physician

before use.

Chronic gout; ribose may cause a transient increase in uric acid levels.Contraindications:

NoneDrug Interactions:

None knownAdministration:

Usual dosage: 5 Gm serving twice daily, taken with meals. A third serving may beadded with a midday meal as needed.

Alternative dosage: 5 Gm just before and just after exercise or physical activity. Serving measurement: 5 Gm of Corvalen powder is a rounded teaspoonful. A single

dose measuring scoop is provided within the 280 Gm jar.

Corvalen granular powder may be dissolved in 2 oz. or more of juice or milk orsprinkled over other foods of choice.

Preparations:

Corvalen (D-ribose) is available as a medical food or dietary supplement: 280 Gm jars as a granular powder and; chewable wafers, 1.67 grams ribose per wafer.

Corvalen is manufactured and distributed by Bioenergy Life Science, Inc., Ham Lake,MN, 763-757-0032, a subsidiary of Bioenergy, Inc.