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10 People and Places Lesson D 11
Communication
Writing
People move or migrate for many different reasons Pull reasons are things that attract people to a new place Push reasons make people want to leave their homes Fill in the chart with several possible reasons for the Lapita migration
D GOAL 4 EXAMINE HUMAN MIGRATION
ReadingA Find answers to these questions in the
reading
1 When did the Lapita migration occur __________
2 Where did the Lapita voyages begin __________
3 How far into the Pacific did the Lapita people travel __________
4 What aspect of Lapita culture came from the Philippines __________
5 In which direction do the trade winds usually blow __________
6 How does El Nintildeo affect the trade winds __________
B After you read talk to a partner about possible answers to these questions
1 Do you think the Lapita people came from one place in Asia or from several different places Why
2 Why do you think the Lapita left their homes and sailed to Pacific Islands
3 What might archaeologists find in a cemetery that would help them to understand an ancient culture
4 How might the Lapita have sailed so far and located so many islands without modern equipment
a modern Hawaiian voyaging canoe built on ancient designs
canoe
Pioneers of the Pacific
No one is sure how they did it or even why they did it but over 3000 years ago people sailed into the enormous emptiness of the Pacific Ocean in simple canoes Within a few centuries these peoplemdashnow known as the Lapitamdashhad migrated from the volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the island of Tonga at least 2000 miles to the east They explored millions of square miles of the Pacific and they discovered and then inhabited dozens of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes Vanuatu New Caledonia Fiji Samoa
There is much we do not know about the Lapita Although their voyages began in the northern islands of Papua New Guinea their language came from Taiwan and their style of pottery decoration probably had its roots in the northern Philippines So who were the Lapita Did they come from a single point in Asia or from several different places
Now archaeologists Matthew Spriggs and Stuart Bedford of the Australian National University are working to answer these questions A Lapita cemetery on the island of Eacutefateacute in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu has revealed information about Lapita customs and DNA from the ancient bones may help to
answer questions about the Lapita people ldquoThis represents the best opportunity wersquove had yetrdquo says Spriggs ldquoto find out who the Lapita actually were where they came from and who their closest descendants are todayrdquo
But even if the archaeologists can answer those questions we still wonrsquot know how the Lapita sailed so far east against the trade winds which normally blow from east to west Atholl Anderson professor of prehistory at the Australian National University suggests that El Nintildeo the same warming of ocean water that affects the Pacific today may have helped Climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific and from lake-bed sediments in the Andes of South America indicate a series of unusually frequent El Nintildeos around the time of the Lapita expansion By reversing the regular east-to-west flow of the trade winds for weeks at a time these super El Nintildeos might have carried the Lapita sailors on long unplanned voyages far over the horizon
However they arrived on the islands the Lapita came to stay Their descendants have inhabited the region for thousands of years and why not Theyrsquore living in an island paradise that many of us only dream about
Factors that pulled the Lapita to the Pacific
Factors that pushed the Lapita from their original homes
What was life like for the Lapita people Use your imagination Write one page from the journal of a Lapita explorer
Goal 4 Examine human migration
Imagine moving with your family to another country Tell a partner why you would ever do this Where would you go What would it be like
Word Focus
voyage = a long journey on a shipcemetery = a place where dead peoplersquos bodies are buriedsediment = soil that has settled to the bottom of a body of water
South Pacific
