Pacific Science (1979), vol. 33, no. 4 1980 by The University Press of Hawaii. All rights reserved

Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from Kauai and MauiHawaiian Plant Studies 96 1

HAROLD ST. JOHN 2

1 Manuscript received I October 1976.2 Bernice P. Bishop Museum, P.O. Box 19000-A,

Honolulu, Hawaii 96819.

THE GENUS Cyrtandra is by far the largestgenus of the higher plants in the native floraof the Hawaiian Islands. Extensive explo-ration for it and intensive taxonomic studyof it have been made only on the island ofOahu (St. John 1966). Subsequent collec-tions of it from the other islands are continu-ally revealing novelties in this genus which isso characteristic of the rain forests and thedeep, shaded gulches near streams and water-falls. Here are presented descriptions of twonew species from Kauai and one from Maui.

DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Frutex 1-1.6 m altusest, novellis adpresse adscendente badi-sericei-pilosis, ramulis foliosis ad basim sub-glabratis, cicatricibus foliorum 4-5 mm altisscutelliformatis, cicatricibus fascicularum 7,internodis 12-18 mm longis, foliis oppositiscongregatis in 6 nodis superis positis eis injugo quoque subaequalibus, petiolis 5-6 cmlongis sed ad punctum 1 cm ex basi alatisbadi-pilosulis tum subglabratis, laminis23-26 cm longis 7.8-9 cm latis chartaceisellipticis et concinnis vel minime angus-tioribus in apice vel in basi acutis basicuneata longe decurrenti dimidiis ambisminime inaequalibus supra obscure viridibuset mox glabratis sed midnervo adpressebadi-pilosulo et nervis principalibus paulopilosulis infra subalbi-viridibus et adpressebadi-pilosis tum glabratis nervis minus pub-escentibus marginibus grosse crenati-serratisexcepta in basi nervis secundariis 9-10 in

Cyrtandra congesta sp.calyces)

Figure 1

dimidio quoque adscendentibus tum sursumcurvatis et interconnectentibus et in serrissalientibus, cymis axillaribus 5-7-floriferisadpresse adscendente badi-pilosis cum brac-tea 15 mm longa bifida, pedunculis 2-3 mmlongis, bracteolis 8-12 mm longis obIan-ceolatis, pedicellis 4-14 mm longis adpresseadscendente badi-pilosulis, alabastris cumcalyce 12-15 mm longo subfusiformi ad-presse badi-pilosulis corpore ellipsoideo cumrostro 3-4 mm longo clauso, in flore tuba 10mm longo ellipsoideo cum 2 labiis, labiasupera 9 mm longa in 3 mm in 3 lobis

nov. (sect. Cylindro- anguste lanceolatis partita, labia infera cum2 lobis 6 mm longis dimidio infero latedeltoideo dimidio supero lineari-Ianceolatoobtuso, corollis albis in vivo extra glabristubo 14 mm longo 7 mm diametro in medioin 40 deflexo, 2 lobis superis 6 mm longis 5mm latis oblongi-ellipticis, labia infera trilo-bata, lobis lateralibus 7 mm longis 5 mmlatis oblongi-ellipticis, loba infera 7 mmlonga 6 mm lata oblongi-elliptica, 2 stami-nibus inferis perfectis cum filamentis adtubum ad 4 mm ex fauce adnatis, partelibera 3 mm longa crassa fere recta tereti, 2antheris fertilibus 3.3 mm longis late ellip-ticis in apicibus connatis, connectivo 1.7 mmlongo ovato, ovario 4 mm lange subgloboso,stylo 7 mm longo tereti crasso glabro, stig-mati cum 2 lobis 2 mm longis suborbicula-ribus, ovario cum disco cupulato 2 mm altocincto, bacca 14 mm longa alba laevi ellip-soidea cum rostro brevi, seminibus 0.2-0.25mm longis 0.17-0.18 mm diametro ellip-soideo mellicoloratis cum apicibus badiis.

DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Shrub 1-1.6 mtall; young shoots appressed ascending,brown silky pilose; the leafy shoots sub-glabrate toward the base; leaf scars 4-5 mmhigh, shield-shaped; bundle scars 7; inter-nodes 12-18 mm long; leaves opposite, closetogether, borne at the 6 upper nodes, those

385

386 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 33, October 1979

FIGURE I. Cyrlandra congesla 81. John, from holotype. a, habit, xt; b, c, bud, x I; d, e, flower, x I;f, pistil, x2;g, berry, x I.

Hawaiian Plant Studies 96-ST. JOHN

of a pair subequal; petioles 5-6 cm long, butwinged to within I cm of the base brownpilosulous to subglabrate; blades 23'-26 cml?ng, 7.~-9 cm wide, chartaceous, truly ellip-tic or sltghtly narrowed to one or the otherend, acute, the base cuneate and long decur-rent, the two halves slightly unequal, abovedark green, early glabrate, except for theappressed brown puberulous midrib andslightly so on the principal veins, belowwhitish green and more densely appressedbrown pilose, but soon glabrate, and even onthe v~ins less hairy than on those above, themargms coarsely crenate serrate, except atbase, the secondary veins 9-10 on a side,ascending, then upcurved and interconnec-ted and salient in the serrae; cymes axillary,5-7-flowered, appressed ascending brownpilose, subtended by a bifid bract 15 mmlong; peduncles 2-3 mm long; bracteoles8-12 mm long, oblanceolate; pedicels 4-14 mm long, appressed ascending brownpilosulous; buds with calyx 12-15 mm long,subfusiform, appressed brown pilosulous,the body ellipsoid, ending in a 3-4 mmclosed beak; in anthesis the ellipsoid tube10 mm long, 2-lipped, the upper lip 9 mmlong, parted for 3 mm into 3 narrowly lan-ceolate lobes, the lower lip of 2 lobes 6 mmlong, the lower half broadly deltoid, theupper half linear-lanceolate, obtuse; corollawhite, when fresh glabrous without, the tube14 mm long, 7 mm in diameter, at the middledeflexed a~ 40, the 2 upper lobes 6 mm long,5 mm Wide, oblong-elliptic; lower lip 3-lobed, the lateral lobes 7 mm long, 5 mmwide, oblong-elliptic; lower lobe 7 mm long,6 mm wide, oblong-elliptic; the 2 lower sta-mens perfect, their filaments adnate to thecorolla tube to within 4 mm of the throatthe free portion 3 mm long, stout, almoststraight, terete, the 2 perfect anthers 3.3 mmlong, broadly elliptic, the tips connate, theconnective 1.7 mm wide, ovate; ovary 4 mmlong, subglobose; style 7 mm long, terete,stout, glabrous; stigma lobes 2 and 2 mmlong, suborbicular; ovary surrounded at baseby a cupulate disk 2 mm high; berry 14 mmlong, white, smooth, ellipsoid and with ashort beak; seeds 0.2-0.25 mm long, 0.17-

387

0.18 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, honey-colored with brown ends.

HOLOTYPUS: Hawaiian Islands, KauaiIsland, Kalalau Trail, t mile above Ke'e toHanakapiai Trail, inside last valley beforeHanakapiai, 14 March 1976, CharlesChristensen.4 (HISH).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hawaiian IslandsKauai Island, Waiahuakua Valley, 8 Ma;1976, Christensen 5 (HISH).

DISCUSSION: Cyrtandra congesta is amember of the section Cylindrocalyces. Themost similar species is a member of thesection Verticillatae. It is C. perstaminodica8t. John, of the central Koolau Range,Oahu, a species with the pedicels 1-2 mmlong; calyx opening by I distal slit; corollawhen fresh with the tube 19 mm long, and atthe upper third decurved at 65, the lowerl~be 8 mm long, 5.5 mm wide; style sparselypilose at apex; berry when dried 21-24 mmlong; leaves in whorls of 3; blades elliptic-oblanceolate, the margin depressed callousserrulate, the secondary veins 17-25 in eachhalf. Cyrtandra congesta has the pedicels4-14 mm long; calyx opening into 3 lan-ceolate lobes; corolla when fresh with thetube 14 mm long, and at the middle de-curved at 40, the lower lobe 7 mm long,6 mm wide; style glabrous; berry when fresh14 mm long; leaves opposite; blades elliptic,or elliptic and slightly narrowed at one orthe other end, the margin coarsely crenateserrate, the secondary veins 9-10 in eachhalf.

The new epithet is the Latin adjectivecongesta, crowded, and it is given with re-ference to the crowded inflorescences.

Cyrtandra elliptica sp. nov. (sect. Cylindro-calyces)

Figure 2

DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Planta I maltaerecta cum caule simplici est, novellis ad-presse adscendente badi-hirsutis, caulefolioso 5-11 mm diametro obscure purpureocarnoso badi-hirsuto, cicatricibus foliorum

388 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 33, October 1979

o o 5CTll lem 0f

511lJll

FIGURE 2. Cyrtandra elliptica 81. John, from holotype, a, habit, x!; b, c, flower, xl; d, e, bud, xl; f, pistil,x 2; g, berry, x 2.

Hawaiian Plant Studies 96-ST. JOHN

7 mm latis oblate scutelliformatis pallidis,cicatricibus fascicularum 5, JoWs oppositismultis in acervo terminali adscendenti,petiolis 3-4.5 cm longis 7-8 mm diametroadpresse badi-pilosulis et cum 2 alis erectisfere ad basem descendentibus, laminis 22-29cm longis 8-13 cm latis mollibus carnosislate ellipticis obtusis basi rotundata vel brevecuneata marginibus grosse serratis supraglabris viridibus lucidis infra subviridi-albisglabris excepta midnervo elevato adpressebadi-pilosulo nervis secundariis 12-13 in di-midio quoque arcuatis adscendentibus, cymismultis axillaribus 5-7-floriferis, bracteis12-20 mm longis lanceolatis, pedunculis 5mm longis hirsutulis, pedicellis 7-12 mmlongis hirsutis, alabastris 18-28 mm longisfusiformibus adpresse badi-pilosulis in totoconnatis et cum rostro terminali 7 mmlongo, calycibus in flore cum 3 lobis 7-8 mmlongis deltoidei-lanceolatis, COI"ollis albis,tubo 18 mm 10ngo in basi et medio 5 mmdiametro in fauce 11 mm diametro sub-cylindrico dimidio infero fere recto sed di-midio supero in 40 decurvato extra glabrointra glabro excepta fauce glandulose atom-ifero, 2 lobis superis 7 mm longis et latis et in5 mm partitis suborbicularibus extra glabrisintra capitate glandulose puberulis, labiainfera 3-lobata, lobis lateralibus 10 mmlongis 8 mm latis late ellipticis intra capitateglandulose puberulis, loba infera 12 mmlonga 9 mm lata elliptica intra capitate glan-dulose atomifera excepta proxima margines,2 staminibus inferis perfectis cum antheris 3mm longis 2.2 mm latis cordati-ovatis,staminodiis lateralibus 0.3 mm longis sub-ulatis in tubo corollae usque ad 6 mm exfauce adnatis, ovario 5 mm longo lan-ceoloideo basi cum collari 1.8 mm altocincta, stylo 5 mm 10ngo tereti glabro, 2stigmatibus 2 mm longis oblongi-ellipticis inbasi distali partitis, fructibus incognitis.

DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Plant 1 m tall,erect, single-stemmed; young shoots a