Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory, Cytotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants Used in Indian Traditional Medicine

Address for correspondence:R.N.Gacche, Head Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431 606 (MS), India. Tel.:+91-02462-229242/43/50. Ext.195, Fax: +91-02462-229325.E-mail: [email protected]

DOI: 10.5530/pj.2011.19.11

Pharmacognosy Journal | January 2011 | Vol 3 | Issue 19 57

O R I G I N A L A R T I C L EP H C O G J .

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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory, Cytotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Medicinal

Plants Used in Indian Traditional Medicine

Rajesh Gacche*, Rafik Shaikh, Mahesh Pund, Rupesh Deshmukh

School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded - 431 606 (MS), India.

A B S T R A C T

Introduction: The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) has been implicated to be a key enzyme involved in recruiting

Methods: Enicostema axillare (Lam.) Raynal. [Gentianaceae], Argemone mexicana L. [Papaveraceae],[Verbenaceae], Withania somnifera Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thw. [Annonaceae] and Vitex nigundo L. [Verbenaceae] were sequentially extracted in water, ethanol and hexane and were evaluated in-vitro

evaluation. Results: Among the tested plants, E. axillare

P. longifoliaConclusion:

Key words:

INTRODUCTION

[1]

[5]

2 2 2

Rajesh Gacche, et al.: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory, Cytotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants Used in Indian Traditional

58 Pharmacognosy Journal | January 2011 | Vol 3 | Issue 19

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[25]

[26]

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials

2

2

[6]

[11]

[12]

Figure 1: Reaction of COX-1 and COX-2 mediated production of Prostaglandin leading to inflammations.



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Collection, identification and authentication of the

selected medicinal plants

Enicostema axillare Argemone mexicana Withania somnifera Polyalthia longifolia

Vitex nigundo

Sequential Extraction of the plant samples

HPTLC Analysis

0

COX inhibition assay

p

__

DPPH radical scavenging assay

OH radical scavenging assay

[31]

Figure 2: HPTLC profile of flavonid finger prints of ethanol extract of selected medicinal plants using Rutin as a marker compound. Track no. 1- P. longifolia, 2- E. axillare, 3- W. somnifera, 4- C. multiflorum, 5- V. nigundo, 6- A. mexicana, R1- Rutin (5 μg), R2-10 μg and R3- 20 μg.



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2

__

RESULTS

HPTLC Profiling

P. longifolia

Effect of selected plant extracts on COX-1 & 2

activities

E. axillare

P. longifolia

V. nigundo

2

2

Superoxide radical (SOR) scavenging assay

[32]

MTT Cytotoxicity assay

Table 1: Effect of selected medicinal plant fractions on COX-1 Inhibition.

Name of the plant COX-1 inhibition (%)Water Ethanol Hexane

1 Enicostema axillare 27.64 ± 0.030 14.73 ± 0.030 06.92 ± 0.031

2 Argemone mexicana. 15.58 ± 0.032 27.43 ± 0.025 11.32 ± 0.037

3 12.83 ± 0.035 24.47 ± 0.030 09.71 ± 0.035

4 Withania somnifera 20.27 ± 0.030 23.52 ± 0.020 13.42 ± 0.030

5 Polyalthia longifolia 17.33 ± 0.032 37.26 ± 0.030 15.93 ± 0.040

6 Vitex nigundo 25.73 ± 0.030 NR NR

7 Aspirin 08.82 ± 0.028Results presented here are the mean values from three independent experiments ± S.D., NR = No reaction under experimental condition



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OH radical scavenging activity

V. nigundo

C.

A. mexicana

SOR scavenging activity

A. mexicana

DPPH radical scavenging activity

A. mexicana

A. mexicana

V. nigundo.

Table 2: Profile of COX-2 inhibition by selected plant samples.

Name of the plantCOX-2 inhibition (%)

Water Ethanol Hexane1 Enicostema axillare 42.13 ± 0.030 48.71 ± 0.035 12.31 ± 0.040

2 Argemone Mexicana 18.70 ± 0.032 51.27 ± 0.020 10.90 ± 0.030

3 08.42 ± 0.020 63.24 ± 0.040 18.44 ± 0.036

4 Withania somnifera 18.45 ± 0.020 54.71 ± 0.035 21.15 ± 0.035

5 Polyalthia longifolia 29.92 ± 0.025 17.94 ± 0.020 18.26 ± 0.040

6 Vitex nigundo 32.18 ± 0.030 NR 07.37 ± 0.020

7 Aspirin 11.15 ± 0.021Results summarized here are the mean values from three independent experiments ± S.D., NR = No reaction under experimental condition

Table 3: DPPH radical scavenging activity of selected plant samples in different solvents.

Name of the plant DPPH radical scavenging activity (%)

Water Ethanol Hexane1 Enicostema axillare 12.49 ± 0.036 07.18 ± 0.030 NR

2 Argemone mexicana 68.75 ± 0.030 42.85 ± 0.034 36.14 ± 0.035

3 25.02 ± 0.030 NR 33.36 ± 0.020

4 Withania somnifera 06.28 ± 0.026 64.24 ± 0.040 NR

5 Polyalthia longifolia 25.05 ± 0.051 42.83 ± 0.025 NR

6 Vitex nigundo 06.24 ± 0.030 21.46 ± 0.031 NR

7 Ascorbic acid 82.54 ± 0.021Results presented herein are the mean values of n = 3, ± S.D., NR = No reaction under experimental condition



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DISCUSSIONCytotoxic effect of plant extracts

P. longifolia2 2

Table 5: Superoxide radical scavenging activity of various fractions of the selected medicinal plants.

Name of the Plant SOR scavenging activity (%)

Water Ethanol Hexane1 Enicostema axillare 57.08 ± 0.040 NR NR

2 Argemone mexicana 60.94 ± 0.035 NR 17.26 ± 0.045

3 54.65 ± 0.045 NR NR

4 Withania somnifera 48.34 ± 0.036 NR NR

5 Polyalthia longifolia 60.45 ± 0.035 NR 23.25 ± 0.035

6 Vitex nigundo 60.43 ± 0.375 NR NR

7 Ascorbic acid 51.24 ± 0.028Results presented here are the mean values from three independent experiments ± S.D., NR = No reaction under experimental condition.

Table 6: Effect of selected plant samples on the viability of Chang Liver cells (human).

Name of the plant Inhibition of Cell Viability (%) at 1mg/ml

1 Enicostema axillare -1.56 ± 0.305

2 Argemone mexicana -2.35 ± 0.035

3 -2.64 ± 0.036

4 Withania somnifera -4.84 ± 0.030

5 Polyalthia longifolia 0.15 ± 0.040

6 Vitex nigundo -6.53 ± 0.030

7 H2O2 4.92 ± 0.021The cytotoxicity was determined by performing MTT assay. The results presented are the percent inhibition values obtained from n = 3 ± S.D.

Table 4: OH radical scavenging potential of the selected plant extract in different solvents.

Name of the plant

OH radical scavenging activity (%)Water Ethanol Hexane

1 Enicostema axillare 23.12 ± 0.036 15.34 ± 0.030 NR

2 Argemone mexicana 03.85 ± 0.040 11.54 ± 0.042 NR

3 21.14 ± 0.045 28.85 ± 0.025 NR

4 Withania somnifera 26.92 ± 0.030 NR NR

5 Polyalthia longifolia 09.65 ± 0.035 NR NR

6 Vitex nigundo NR NR NR

7 Ascorbic acid 02.82 ± 0.021Results shown here are the mean values from three independent experiments ± S.D., NR = No reaction under experimental condition



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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory, Cytotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants Used in Indian Traditional Medicine