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Cycling
GeoChemical cycles
Nutrient/Mineral Cycles
Cycling in Nature
• According to the Law of Conservation-Matter is not created or destroyed but transformed.
• So all matter in the universe is constant.• The location and type may change-CO2 in the
air is converted into C6H12O6 in autotrophs, and is eaten by hetertrophs and converted into simpler sugars and then broken down to CO2 and released where the cycle begins again.
Water Cycle
Rock Cycle
Rock Cycle
• Consolidation-packing of Earth materials
• Crystallization- forming crystals, regular repeating patterns
• Deposition-weathered particles are collected in an area
• Igneous-extrusive-surface• Igneous-intrusive-deep• Lithification, compaction,
sedimentation, cementing, Sediments consolidating into rock
• Magma-Hot molten rock
• Melting- the temperature where solids turn into a liquid
• Metamorphic-rocks that have been changed
• Metamorphism-processes that involve heat and pressure Sedimentary-rocks made of sediments
• Transportation-moved by water, wind, gravity
• Uplift-earth sections moved up• Weathering-wind, water action
breaks down rock• Exposure-showing at surface
Make a Cycle.
• Follow the Carbon atom on its adventure in the cycle.• Imagine you are a carbon atom in a molecule of of
carbon dioxide floating in a the air of a wetland. The leaf of a blue berry bush absorbs you during photosynthesis. You become part of a carbohydrate molecule and are used to make fruit. The fruit is eaten by a caribou, within a few hours, you are passed out of the animal’s body. You are swallowed by a dung beetle, then combined in the body tissue of a hungry shrew, which is then eaten by an owl. Finally, you are released into the atmosphere once again when the owl exhales.
• What is the food chain here, label producers, consumers, etc.
Adventure and Food Chain
• CO2 (air)->Carbohydrate (blueberry bush) -> Carbohydrate (Caribou)-> Carbohydrate (dung beetle)->Protein (shrew)->Protein (owl)-> CO2 (air)
• Blueberry->Caribou->Dung Beetle (Decomposer)->Shrew->Owl
Nitrogen Cycle
Excretion and decay
Excretion and decay
Eaten and Assimilated
Absorbed
Denitrifying Bacteria
Lightening
Nitrifying bacteria
Nitrosofying bacteria
Legume
Nitrogen Cycle
PlantProtein
Animal Protein
NitratesNO3
Nitrogen
(N)
Urea,AmmoniaUric Acid
NitritesNO2
Excretion and decay
Excretion and decay
Eaten and Assimilated
Absorbed
Denitrifying Bacteria
Lightening
Nitrifying bacteria
Nitrosofying bacteria
Legume
Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen is the major limiting factor for terrestrial plants. • Nitrogen Fixation-conversation of N2 into Ammonia
(NH3), lightening, volcanic action, combustion, legumes nodules
• Nitrification-When ammonia reacts with water to eventually form NO3.
• Assimilation-when an organism takes in ammonia, ammonium, nitrates and it becomes proteins in that organisms body.
• Ammonification-when urea, uric acid are converted into ammonia, ammonium
• Denitrification-Reduce NO3 to gaseous nitrogen.
Carbon Cycle
Diffusion
Diffusion
Burning
Sedimentation
Decay, Incomplete Decay
DigestionRespiration
Photosynthesis
Respiration and decay
Absorbed
Carbon Cycle
CO2 in Air Plants
Animals
CO2 in WaterCaCO3Shells Limestone
Fossil Fuels
Diffusion
Diffusion
Burning
Sedimentation
Decay, Incomplete Decay
DigestionRespiration
Photosynthesis
Respiration and decay
Absorbed
Phosphorous
• Phosphorous is the major limiting factor in aquatic ecosystems.
• There is NO gaseous phase of this nutrient.
• Laundry ingredient, effervesces is a qualitative test.
Odyssey
• X: Limestone ->BurOak (root, flower, acorn)->deer -> Indian -> Soil ->Bluestem (root, Leaves) -> Deer-Mouse nest -> soil -> sideoats (granma) -> buffalo (chip) -> soil ->spiderwort ->rabbit-> owl ->Sporobolus -> FIRE ->
Gynmosperm Lifecycle