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Cyber-Terrorism&
SecurityNew Definitions For New Realities
Dan VertonVice President & Executive Editor
FISSEA
March 2005
www.itsecuritymagazine.com
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This Is A Controversial Topic• “The problem is that when you
make a recommendation before [an attack] happens, people tend to think you're nuts.”
• “That's the kind of mind set that made it difficult for us…the institutional bureaucracy…couldn't see the threat because it hadn't happened.”
Richard Clarke Testifying at 9/11 Commission Hearing, 3/24/04
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Before We Do Anything…
• Accept the FACT that vulnerabilities open doors to the unexpected.
• Accept that there is NO separation between the cyber world and the physical world.
• Terrorism is multifaceted. Traditional definitions must be adapted to the new realities.
• We’ve become distracted – insider threat is real & growing.
• Change the way you THINK about future threats…don’t be a security APPEASER.
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Appeaser
• According to Verton’s Dictionary:
• \Ap*peas"er\, n. “One who feeds a crocodile hoping it will eat him last.”– Sir Winston Churchill
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What Do I Really Mean By“Appeasement?”
• Maybe we are growing dangerously complacent?
• Maybe we do underestimate our enemies?
• Maybe we really do think this is as bad as it can get?
• Maybe the threat-independent model is not how we should be approaching these issues?
The Vulnerability Matrix
Electric
Government
Natural Gas
26,000 FDIC institutions
2,800 power plants
104 commercial
nuclear plants
1,600 municipal wastewater facilities
2 million miles of pipelines
66,000 chemical plants
5,800 registered hospitals
E-commerce
2 billion miles of cable
5,000 airports
300 maritime ports
300,000 production sites
120,000 miles of major rails
3,000 govt. facilities
Home Users
Broadband Connections
Wireless
Viruses, Worms
Banking
Telecom
EmergencyServices
Chemical
Rail
Natural GasWater
Waste Water
Transportation
Oil
80,000 Dams
Insiders
Configuration
Problems
150,000 miles transmission lines
130 overlapping grid controllers
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IT SecurityHow Important Is It Really?• Not only about $… It’s about public safety too!
– Railroads.
– Water & Wastewater Treatment.
– Uranium Mining.
– Oil Wells, Water Flood Operations.
– Airline Baggage Checking.
– Aug. 14 Power Failure.
– Online Information Control.
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Defining The FutureThreat = Intent + Capability
Pakistani ISI
Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence
Hackers for Hire,
Organized Crime,
Disgruntled Insiders
Russian FAPSI
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Defining The EvidenceOmar Bakri MuhammadBin Laden's man in London
• Syrian-born, radical, founder of Al-Muhajirun
• Spokesman for the International Islamic Front, the political wing of the International Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders, led by Osama bin Laden
• Has recruited for Hamas, Hezbollah and various groups in Afghanistan
• FBI memo on July 10, 2001, noted a connection between Middle Eastern men in Phoenix-area flight schools and Bakri's London-based Al-Muhajirun.
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Bakri On Cyber Attacks• "In a matter of time, you will see attacks on the
stock market."
• “I would not be surprised if tomorrow I hear of a big economic collapse because of somebody attacking the main technical systems in big companies."
• "The third letter from Osama bin Laden…was clearly addressing using the technology in order to destroy the economy of the capitalist states. This is a matter that is very clear."
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Other Evidence - Historical• L’Houssaine Kherchtou, a 36-year-old
Moroccan, was one of al-Qaeda’s early trainees in high-tech methods of surveillance. Teacher = Abu Mohamed al Amriki
• Fey Street (Peshawar) Electronics Lab run by Abu al-Alkali and Salem the Iraqi.
• “They found out that I don’t know anything about electronics, and they told me just to study from the beginning and to recognize...the different components.”
• Degree in engineering?
• On 8th of March F-Secure got a report of a network trojan known as "Slacke"
• Report came from Russia
• The trojan was written by a Kuwait hacker group Q8SEE
Slacke & Terr0r
• The worm downloaded additional code from a website
• The website was WWW.LUVZ.ST
• .ST is the domain of São Tomé and Príncipe
• Where?
Slacke & Terr0r
The Net Widens
• The .ST domain rights were sold to a company operating in Stockholm, Sweden
• According their WHOIS, Luvz.st was registered to:
Administrative Contact Information Company Name: JordanChat Contact Name: TeRrOr Address: Irbid , 00962 , irbid , IR , JO Expire date: 29 Oct, 2003
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Insider Threat• Why spend R&D money when you can steal it?
• Economic Espionage: $ hundreds of billions
• Four forms of insider: Internal (current/former employees, executives)
External (contractor, maintenance, business partner)
Collaborator (external working with internal)
Rogue Ideologue (seeks hire for purpose of doing harm)
• Technology Complicates Internal Defenses The Perimeter is gone!
USB devices, cell phone cameras, common configuration errors, lack of access controls, contractors, outsourcing
Places premium on automated tools, data-centric
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Types of Data Being Stolen• Computer source code
• Business plans and design specifications• Customer and order information
databases• Motorola 2-way radio specifications
• Newest Intel chip specifications (twice)• Sales and pricing data
• Oil and gas well logs and software used in the analysis of the information
• Engineering drawings for next generation of Gillette razor systems
• Eng. Drawings Next Generation Space Shuttle
(inside or outside??)
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Case: Ramon
• An intellectual of sorts, highly educated, conservative in his politics, painfully introverted, somewhat arrogant and kind of a geek.
• Expert programmer who preferred communicating with associates through e-mail rather than in person.
• Hacked his employer's computer system without permission to show management that there were serious security gaps that needed to be fixed.
Robert Hanssen – The worst insider spy case in FBI history.
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Insider Psychological ProfileIntroverted: A common characteristic of IT specialists, which can pose a significant management challenge.
Frustrated: Family or social problems may be compounded by negative attitudes toward authority.
Computer-dependent: Such individuals often prefer online activity to direct social interaction.
Ethical flexibility: Dangerous insiders view malicious actions as justified, given their circumstances.
Entitlement: Feelings of being “special” employees—for example, the only ones with the necessary training. Being overworked with no rewards can lead to a desire for revenge.
Reduced loyalty: Some insiders identify with the IT/programming profession and not with the organization that employs them.
Lack of empathy: The impersonal nature of cyberspace leads to a lack of regard for the impact of the perpetrators’ actions on others.