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Cyber Enabled Ships Assurance Jonathan Earthy
18th April 2018
Cyber Enabled Ships – The “Cyber Ship”
Lloyd's Register 2
Today’s leading suppliers and operators want
to innovate, using the latest technologies
from ICT sector.
This new era, of digitalisation in the marine
sector we are calling the ‘cyber ship’.
The assurance of dependability for such
ships goes beyond knowledge gained from
previous systems and applying prescriptive
requirements. It considers a “total systems”
engineering approach throughout the
lifecycle.
The Cyber Enabled Ship
Lloyd's Register 3
What can be connected in a Cyber Ship?
Lloyd's Register 4
• Navigation (ECDIS, AIS, GPS,…)
• Communication
• Propulsion and Steering
• Power Generation, Management,
and distribution
• Ventilation & chilled water
• Fuel, lubrication & other ancillaries
• Fire Fighting and Emergency Systems
• Flood / Stability
• Cargo Systems
• Accommodation Systems
• Dynamic Positioning
… nearly any system…
Cyber Enabled Ships - access
Lloyd's Register 5
LR has classified cyber enabled technology in five types for
autonomy/remote access
Cyber Enabled Ships – descriptive notes
Cyber-SAFE
Ship can be operated safely at defined Autonomy/Remote Access Level
Cyber-MAINTAIN (Conditioned Based Maintenance)
Cyber enabled CBM. Supported by an update to MCM/MCBM ShipRight
Cyber-SECURE
Cyber-security assured at a level beyond that required for safe operation at a
defined Autonomy/Remote Access Level
Cyber-PERFORM
Ship can safely achieve performance targets through cyber-enablement to a
defined Autonomy/Remote Access Level.
Lloyd's Register 6
four descriptive notes in the areas of cyber enablement:
Cyber Enabled Ships – assurance Structure
Lloyd's Register 7
System level LR Assurance Activities LR Document
Ship Cyber Ship Certification
Risk
Assessment(HAZID)
Design Appraisal
Survey (On board test)
Cyber-enabled ships
ShipRight Procedure
Ship systems Cyber Systems Approval
Risk
Assessment(HAZID)
Design Appraisal
Survey
Cyber-enabled ships
ShipRight Procedure
Components Cyber System
Component Type
Approval
Design Appraisal
Type Testing
Production Assessment
LR Type Approval
Procedures
Cyber Enabled Ships – risk-based
● Functionality provided by cyber-enabled systems ranges from
simple remote monitoring with crew on board to fully
autonomous vessel.
● As risks vary considerably, assessment includes the
identification of hazards introduced by cyber-enablement and
the effectiveness of proposed mitigations.
● Starting point is understanding the context of use and
operational concept for the selected systems.
Lloyd's Register 8
ShipRight Procedure
Cyber Enabled Ships – assessment procedure
Lloyd's Register 9
ShipRight - Risk Based Design (RBD) review process:
Review and
acceptance by
assurance team
Review and
acceptance by
First Entry
Descriptive
Notation agreed
START END
Design and
Safety
Statement
Criteria
Satisfied
Risk
Assessment
Final Design
Assessment
NO
YES
*RBD Process
Survey by local
team / sea trials
evidence
All usual class
activities
Entry to Class,
with AL
descriptive notes Class actions
complete
HAZID Report RBD Process*
Revision and
Supporting
Studies
Cyber Enabled Ships – technical areas
Lloyd's Register 10
9 Key Risk Areas for a Cyber Enabled Ship:
• Human Interaction
• Data Quality
• System Architecture
• Hardware
• Software
• Communications and Network
• System Integration
• Configuration Management
• Cyber Security
Cyber Enabled Ships – Human-system issues
Lloyd's Register 11
Each of the five types of autonomy/remote access raises new issues
Crewed manual
operator takes
decisions and
executes
operation.
Responsibility
onboard.
Crewed
automated
system’s
decisions &
operations.
Onboard
action or
supervision
required.
Responsibility
onboard.
Crewed
remotely
controlled
system’s
decisions &
operations.
Offship
operator’s
action, on/
offship
supervision
required.
Responsibility
onboard.
Unmanned
remote
controlled
system
decisions &
operations.
Offship
operator’s
action or
supervision.
Responsibilit
y offship.
Unmanned
autonomous
Self-operating
system.
Decisions and
operations
without the
need of an
operator’s
intervention or
supervision.
Responsibility
where?
Lloyd's Register 12
Thank you
For more information on cyber-enabled ship services please
contact:
Tom White
Lead Specialist - Innovation
Lloyd’s Register Global Technology Centre,
Southampton SO16 7QF, UK