I. Introduction

We are using the internet more than ever so as our mobile phones as a positive aspect of our

society. The internet and mobile phones are the two largest systems of communication that plays

an vital role in our day to day activities. Unfortunately, these are also being used negatively. As

mobile phone and internet use become increasingly common, so has the misuse of this

technology to bully. Current research in this area indicates that cyber bullying is a feature of

many young people’s lives.

Anyone of us can become victims due to their desire to use modern technology and their failure

to use safe Internet practices. Some people make use of the Internet to build websites to bully

others and post embarrassing pictures and messages on websites or online journals. It is difficult

to determine the person who is responsible for cyber-bullying because false names are used. A

lot of incidents of cyber-bullying should not be taken lightly because cyber-bullying is much

more destructive to the victims than traditional bullying. According to our research Anti-

Bullying Alliance found that 22% of young people reported being the target of cyber-bullying.

Victims of cyber bullying can feel alone and very misunderstood. They may not be able to

identify and know that what is happening to them is a form of bullying, or be confident that the

adults around them will understand it that way either. Previously safe and enjoyable

environments and activities can become threatening and a source of anxiety. Resulting to various

problems not only in physical but also in emotional, psychological and even mental aspects.

A. Background of the Study

Cyberbullying is not an uncommon occurrence among teens in this age group. Slightly more than

four in ten teens (43%) report that they have experienced some form of cyber bullying in the last

year. The incidence of cyber bullying is higher among females than males; and is most prevalent

among 15 and 16-year-olds, particularly among girls. More than half of this total age group

reported at least one cyber bullying incident in the past year. Teen cyber bully victims report that

immediately following an incident, they are likely to consider one or more actions, such as

asking the person to stop, using electronic means to block the person from communicating with

them, or talking with a friend. Teens are twice as likely to talk to a friend about the incident as to

talk with their parents or another adult. Teens report a wide range of emotions as a result of

experiencing cyber bullying from anger to embarrassment to indifference. Over half of cyber

bully victims report feeling angry (56%); one-third report feeling hurt (33%); a third report being

embarrassed (32%), and one in eight said they felt scared (13%). Females are more likely than

males to report all of these emotions; especially females ages 13 to 15. Many teens, however,

claim that the cyber bullying incident did not bother them. Though teens may not know

immediately, about three out of four report that they eventually figure out who cyberbullied

them. Often, this is a friend, someone they know from school or someone else they know. Fewer

than one in four teen victims (23%) was bullied by someone they don’t know. This “unknown”

cyber bully was generally in a chat room saying mean or vicious things or someone sending cruel

or threatening emails, instant messages, or text messages. Most teens believe that people cyber

bully for one (or more) of these reasons: “they think it’s funny” (81%); “they simply don’t like

the person” (64%); “they view the victim as a loser” (45%). Nearly six in ten teens (58%) said

the cyber bully “probably didn’t see the action as a big deal.” Nearly half of teens said that cyber

bullying happens because the cyber bully doesn’t perceive any tangible consequences (47%) or

feels he or she would not get caught (45%). Teens believe that cyber bullying prevention needs

to occur at three different levels – individual actions, online institutions, and parent education --

but most notably at the individual actions level. In teens’ views, the most effective way to

prevent cyber bullying is to be able to block people who cyber bully from communicating with

the victims (71%). The next most effective methods, according to teens, include simply refusing

to pass along cyber bully messages (62%), and telling their friends to stop cyber bullying (56%).

Slightly more than five in ten teens (56%) believe that online groups and Internet service

providers (ISPs) should have the moderators who can block cyber bullies’ messages. Forty-five

percent (45%) of teens say that parents should tell their kids that cyber bullying is wrong; 43

percent (43%) say that cyber bullying should be reported to an adult. Unlike face-to face

bullying, teens do not view cyber bullying as an issue that should be addressed by the school; in

fact, they feel that much of customary school intervention (large assemblies, etc.) would be

largely ineffective.

History of Bullying

Bullying, a definition The word “bully” can be traced back as far as the 1530s. (Harper, 2008). In

its most basic sense bullying involves two people, a bully or intimidator and a victim. The bully

abuses the victim through physical, * Keywords: bullying, cyber bullying, law, statistics,

prevention Email: rdonegan@elon.edu 34 — The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in

Communications • Vol. 3, No. 1 • Spring 2012 verbal, or other means in order to gain a sense of

superiority and power. These actions may be direct (i.e. hitting, verbally assaulting face-to-face,

etc.) or indirect (i.e. rumors, gossip, etc.). Origins of bullying The desire to survive is instinctual

and common among all living things. Survival is associated directly with competition due to the

multitude of species and limited natural resources on the planet. Since the beginning of time

there has been a constant drive to out-perform others and overcome obstacles. This survival

instinct, along with a competitive atmosphere, has remained the same as the human race has

evolved. Both of these forces have flowed over into the educational, social, and economic

realms. This competitive hierarchy, though prevalent in most societies, varies across cultures

depending on their ethical systems, traditions, and the type of control exerted by the government.

Unfortunately, the U.S. capitalistic society inadvertently pushes the belief that success and

wealth go hand in hand. This ideology has shaped a nation where bullying is unintentionally

instilled as a survival tactic from a very young age. From the time an American child enters

grade school, he or she is taught to be the best he or she can. This seemingly innocent lesson can

morph as a child develops throughout his or her education. Students often learn corrupt ways to

get ahead in the highly competitive educational and social environments that grade school

presents. These bullying tactics may include pressuring others for answers on assignments to

attain higher grades, which leads toward better college opportunities, or spreading social rumors

about fellow students. These tactics are dangerous because once a student realizes their

effectiveness, he or she may construct a life style from them. Developing a habitual use of

bullying tactics can lead to negatively affecting a countless number of people as well as

corruption in the workplace. Traditional bullying vs. cyberbullying Technology’s progression is

often equated with the advancement of human societies. Pivotal innovations, such as the Internet,

have forever changed how people interact. Though these developments have allowed the human

race to make great strides in many fields, they have also allowed forms of transgression to

become more rampant and widespread. This is evident when considering how traditional

bullying has evolved into an issue today known as cyberbullying. While bullying and

cyberbullying are often similar in terms of form and technique they also have many differences.

Unlike traditional bullying, cyberbullying allows the offender to mask his or her identity behind

a computer. This anonymity makes it easier for the offender to strike blows against a victim

without having to see the victim’s physical response. The distancing effect that technological

devices have on today’s youth often leads them to say and do crueler things compared to what is

typical in a traditional face-to-face bullying situation. A technological evolution As technology

has evolved, bullying has proliferated. With the advent of the Internet, chat rooms soon followed.

Online forums provided a communal breeding ground for youth to assault one another

(Subrahmanyam & Greenfield, 2008). Chat rooms were supplemented by AOL Instant

Messenger (AIM), an online communication program that allowed teens to spend hours talking

to one another in private, one-on-one conversations or in public chat rooms. The program further

allowed youth to create group-specific chat rooms. This exclusive forum allowed for youth to get

together with select groups of friends and talk about the latest gossip. Online innovations have

continued due to telecommunication advances. The advent of cell phones in the late 1960s and

early 1970s changed the way people communicated (Shiels, 2003). However, these portable

communication devices did not become widespread, or make it into a majority of youth’s hands,

until the appearance of the second generation of digital network phones in the 1990s. After that,

they spread like wildfire. According to a study conducted by the Pew Research Center, 75% of

12-17 year-olds own cell phones, which increased from 45% in 2004 and one-in-three teens

sends 3,000 text messages per month (Lenhart, 2010). Though many parents believe that they are

purchasing a cell phone for their child for protective reasons, the opposite may be true as many

youths admit to utilizing their phones as an instrument for cyberbullying. Further progress on the

Internet brought about more and more websites and with this came the advent of social media.

The site MySpace is often considered the pioneer of social media. MySpace allows individual

users to create their own unique profiles and interact in cyberspace with friends and foes alike.

Bullying and Cyberbullying by Richard Donegan — 35 Online publication of personal

information is dangerous because it allows many people to see a side of a person more often kept

private in a face-to-face interaction. This vulnerability puts many teens in a position as either the

victim or active offender partaking in cyberbullying actions. Another aspect of social media that

can be misleading and hazardous is the ability to create alias profiles. The ability for teens to

mask their identities provides them with an opportunity to say anything to another individual

without the worry of any repercussions. Social media sites, such as Facebook and Google+, are

prone to abuses like cyberbullying. Anonymous blogging is another technological advancement

that has fostered cyberbullying activity and fueled ethical debate. On sites, such as College ACB

and Juicy Campus, which have both recently faced tightened regulations due to their verbally

abusive nature, youth (typically of college age) were able to login and comment anonymously in

an open forum. The forum included harsh topics ranging from “Most Attractive” to “Worst

Hookup.” The sites even included certain topic headings that were simply a person’s name under

which people could post insulting comments. These blogging sites are illustrative of the most

dramatic forms of cyberbullying thus far.

Status of cyberbullying Studies have indicated that the number of youth reporting cyberbullying

instances varies greatly depending on the definition of the term and the age of those surveyed. In

the following study, Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin, of the Cyberbullying Research

Center, sampled 4,441 teens, ranging in age from 11 to 18, from a large school district in the

southern U.S. In this study, the researchers defined cyberbullying as “when someone repeatedly

makes fun of another person online or repeatedly picks on another person through email or text

message or when someone posts something online about another person that they don’t like”

(Hinduja & Patchin, 2010c, p. 1). Victimization According to their results, cyberbullying

victimization rates have varied in the past few years, ranging between 18.8 percent in May 2007

and 28.7 percent in Nov. 2009 with a mean of 27.32 percent based on 7 different studies from

May 2007-Feb. 2010. Cyberbullying offending rates have varied in a broader spectrum than

victimization rates, ranging between 20.1 percent in June 2004 and 11.5 percent in Nov. 2009

with a mean of 16.76 percent based on 7 different studies from June 2004 to February 2010

(Hinduja & Patchin, 2010g, p. 1). Several specific types of victimization and cyberbullying were

discovered through a survey taken in 2010. The survey discovered that the highest concentration

of victimizations and cyberbullying offenses occurred in the following areas respectively: mean

or hurtful comments posted online (14.3%, 8.8%), rumors online (13.3%, 6.8%), threats through

a cell phone text message (8.4%, 5.4%) (Hinduja & Patchin, 2010e, p. 1). Another important

factor that Hinduja and Patchin brought to light was what type of technology a teen primarily

uses. According to a 2010 study, which asked teens what role technology played in their daily

lives, cell phones were used the most (83%), followed by the Internet for school work (50.8%),

and then Facebook (50.1%) (Hinduja & Patchin, 2010h, p. 1). This points to cell phones and the

Internet as the two primary mediums used for cyberbullying. Cyberbullying proved to vary by

gender as well. Based on a 2010 study involving a random sample of 2,212 teen males and 2,162

teen females, the male to female ratio varied the most in the following three areas: victimization

within a person’s lifetime (16.6% for males vs. 25.1% for females), admitted to a cyberbullying

offense within a person’s lifetime (17.5% for males vs. 21.3% for females), and had a hurtful

comment posted about oneself online (10.5% for males vs. 18.2% for females) (Hinduja &

Patchin, 2010b, p. 1). This information may be biased due to the reticence among males about

admitting a past bullying experience. Nevertheless, it is interesting that females reported a higher

percentage in all categories. Bullying hierarchy As with most competitive atmospheres, the

social struggle among today’s youth has an evident hierarchy. Bullying is a component of this

hierarchy and has its own structure. According to Dr. Dan Olweus, there 36 — The Elon Journal

of Undergraduate Research in Communications • Vol. 3, No. 1 • Spring 2012 are seven different

levels within the bullying ladder: the students who want to bully and initiate the action, their

followers or henchmen, supporters or passive bullies, passive supporters or possible bullies,

disengaged onlookers, possible defenders, and defenders who dislike the action of bullying and

help those that are victimized (Olweus, 2001). Dismantling the aggressive portion of this ladder

and shifting students to a deterring mindset must be a fundamental part of any prevention

program.

B. The Case

Cyber-bullying has a lot of meaning, cyber-bullying can be defined as "when the Internet, cell

phones or other devices are used to send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass

another person" or as "a situation when a child or teen is repeatedly 'tormented, threatened,

harassed, humiliated, embarrassed or otherwise targeted' by another child or teenager using text

messaging, e-mail, instant messaging or any other type of digital technology." The last definition

I gave refers only to teens or children because bullying through the internet or cell-phones from

adults to adults can be referred to as cyber-stalking which due to word limitation I will not go

into. It is when an adolescent, child or teen is “tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliated … or

otherwise targeted” by another minor, through an internet service. This includes email, chat

rooms, discussion groups, online social networking, instant messaging or web pages.

Furthermore, it can include bullying through mobile phone technologies such as SMS. Cyber-

Bullying is only considered as such if it is a minor on both sides, or at least was initiated by a

minor against another, and once an adult becomes involved, it is considered as cyber-harassment

or Cyber Stalking. A cyber-bullying situation can be as simple as sending e-mails to someone

that wants no further contact with you but it can also be very serious when it includes threats or

sexual bullying or when a forum is created and that person is ridiculed. Cyber-bullies may post

personal data of their victims at websites or forums or even pretend to be someone else in order

to publish different material to the victim's name that diminishes or humiliates him. The biggest

percentage of the bullies use pretty much the same tactic as they send threatening messages to

their victim or call them mean names.

II. Statement of the Problem

Cyber-bullying has become wild in the social media world. It is one of the biggest issues not

only in schools but in the workforce. There is no age where cyber bullying is accepts, nor does it

stop. Cyber bullying is now much harder to control as most of the time it is done out of school

hours and through social networking sites. This form of bullying is severely and negatively

affecting many people involved.

One of the devastating effects of becoming a victim of cyber-bullying is severe isolation, so

when these victims begin to feel hopeless and even suicidal about their situations, they often do

not reach out for help from their parents, friends, or teachers. Students, who feel completely

alone, like no one else has ever experienced what they are going through, might be pushed to act

on their suicidal feelings. Thus the most damaging psychological effect of that can occur is

suicide Victims are suffering lower self-esteem, increased suicidal ideation, and a variety of

emotional responses, including cyber bullying back, being scared, frustrated, angry, and

depressed. One of the most damaging effects clear in today’s society is that a victim begins to

avoid friends and daily activities.

At least three children between the ages of 12 and 13 have committed suicide due depression

brought on by cyber-bullying.*

It is clear that an increased attention must be paid to the ever-expanding issue of cyber-bullying,

by parents, students, teachers and governments of the world.

As teenagers, We are not immune to factors that influence everybody else in our society. I am

very concerned about what is happening, therefore wanted to look into the reasons behind cyber-

bullying and who should be blamed for it. Is there any way for cyber-bullying to be stopped?

III. Short Term Solutions

One of the possible short term solution of cyber bullying is that in order to lessen or eradicate

this problem, it should always start with ourselves because we are the ones using these modern

technologies and we should be more responsible in using it and we should think before we post

or reply. We should also avoid make a conflict in the social media world because it is also a form

of cyber bullying. Moreover, these are some of the immediate steps to avoid cyberbullying:

For kids and teens

1. Know that it’s not your fault. What people call “bullying” is sometimes an argument

between two people. But if someone is repeatedly cruel to you, that’s bullying and you

mustn’t blame yourself. No one deserves to be treated cruelly.

2. Don’t respond or retaliate. Sometimes a reaction is exactly what aggressors are looking

for because they think it gives them power over you, and you don’t want to empower a

bully. As for retaliating, getting back at a bully turns you into one – and can turn one

mean act into a chain reaction. If you can, remove yourself from the situation. If you

can’t, sometimes humor disarms or distracts a person from bullying.

3. Save the evidence. The only good news about bullying online or on phones is that it can

usually be captured, saved, and shown to someone who can help. You can save that

evidence in case things escalate. [Visit ConnectSafely.org/cyberbullying for instructions

on how to capture screens on phones and computers.]

4. Tell the person to stop. This is completely up to you – don’t do it if you don’t feel totally

comfortable doing it, because you need to make your position completely clear that you

will not stand for this treatment any more. You may need to practice beforehand with

someone you trust, like a parent or good friend.

5. Reach out for help – especially if the behavior’s really getting to you. You deserve

backup. See if there’s someone who can listen, help you process what’s going on and

work through it – a friend, relative or maybe an adult you trust.

IV. Long Term Solutions

Education can help considerably in preventing and dealing with the consequences of cyber-

bullying. The first place to begin an education campaign is with the kids and teens themselves.

Adolescents need to know how to avoid becoming a cyber bully, how to be responsible for their

actions and not to stand by and allow bullying to be acceptable.

Teaching teens to “Take 5!” before responding to something they encounter online is a good

place to start. An effort should be made to calm the victim down, so thoughts and actions remain

rational. This may include doing yoga, or deep-breathing as well as running, playing catch or

shooting hoops. It may involve taking a bath or talking on the phone with trustworthy friends and

family. Victims should find a way that is comfortable and effective for them. If they do, they will

often not become a cyber bully in return. Teaching them the consequences of their actions (or

soon to be), often prevents cyber bullying also, as adolescents often don’t realise that in some

cases of cyber-bullying, the police force can actually become involved.

It must also be recognised that few cyber bullying campaigns can succeed without the self-

satisfaction and the often help of other kids. If we can help kids understand how much bullying

hurts, fewer may cooperate with the cyber bullies. They will think twice before participating in

hurtful cyber behaviour. Teens need to be taught not to stand silently by while others are being

tormented.

In addition to not lending their efforts to continue the cyber bullying, if given an anonymous

method of reporting cyber bullying Web sites, profiles and campaigns, teens can help put an end

to cyber bullying entirely. School administration, community groups and even school policing

staff can receive these anonymous tips and take action quickly when necessary to shut down the

site, profile or stop the cyber bullying itself.

They can even let others know that they won’t allow cyber bullying, supporting the victim,

making it clear that they won’t be used to torment others and that they care about the feelings of

others is key.

V. Documentation

Cyberbullying Statistics

We conducted an informal survey on the last quarter of 2012 to get a grasp of the Philippine

cyberbullying situation. Since cyberbullying and bullying incidents remain under reported,

except the group bullying that mobbed “amalayer” and “I was not informed”, we thought why

not do a survey to get some facts of the day to day and almost ignoredcyberbullying incidents.

Though this is non conclusive, it gives us  idea how things are on the dark alley of the cyber

world where bullying and harassment takes place.

Herewith are cyberbullying statistics of the online survey we conducted:

AGE GROUP OF THOSE WHO SAID THEY ARE BULLIED:

53%  Adult (18+)

47%  Minor (17 and below)

SEX:

57% Female

43% Male

OBJECT OF ATTACK (Top 3)

Attack on reputation

Attack on appearance

Attack against the victims opinion

NATURE OF ATTACK (Top 3)

Spreading photoshopped image

Spreading videos that are supposedly private

Poser/ Spreading  lies

PLATFORM USED (Top 3)

Facebook

Cellphone (distant second)

Blogs

SHARED THE INCIDENT WITH

Friend

Parents (distant second)

Sibling

OTHERS

79% were bullied by  one person

21% were bullied by a group

The cyberbullying statistics suggests that girls are more susceptible to cyberbullying,  is no

respecter of age. Filipinocyber bullies appear to be creative since more than words, they use

photoshopped images to hurt their victims. Others use supposed private videos as means to

harass there victims. Identity theft also plays a big role on cyber harassment.

Facebook as the most popular social networking in the Philippines, is also the primary platform

of bullies. And because we can easily purchase a prepaid sim card, cell phone comes second

while blogs come third.

It is also interesting to note that Filipino victims are more transparent to their friends than family.

Finally, this cyberbullying statistics revealed an interesting point worthy of a separate blog post,

bullied because of unpopular opinion.

Facebook has opened many opportunities as a communication tool, however, it also paved a new

way for abusers to expand the reach and the extent of the harm they do. As many as the ‘fan

pages’ that runs rampant through the Facebook groups feature are the ‘hate’ groups  or the

‘Anti-’ groups of such pages. One example is 16-year-old Chienna Filomeno’s “We hate

Chienna Filomeno” group. Her hate group’s posts are always derogatory to young Chienna and

the comments even more so. The moderator of the hate group would post pictures of her in

compromising positions and encourage the commenters to post their opinions, which are usually

mean and unforgiving. Chienna Filomeno is a cosplayer from a prominent high school in Manila

and sometimes people claiming to be her schoolmates would post there and say thing like, “Ay!

Kilala ko yan sa school! Malandi talaga yan!” (Oh! I know her from our school! She really is

promiscuous!) One of the posts on the group showed Chienna on a bed with her former

boyfriend, followed by a post of her former boyfriend implying that Chienna is no longer a

‘virgin’. There were no holds barred on the virtual audience. Many were calling her names and

questioning even her parent’s values, some pitied her and tried to vindicate her actions but they

were soon met with malicious replies enough for them to give up.

There are many detrimental outcomes of cyberbullying. Many targets of cyberbullying report

feeling depressed, sad, angry, and frustrated. And some victims who experience cyberbullying

are also afraid or embarrassed to go to school. Victims of cyberbullying also tend to develop low

self-esteem. Research also shows that there are links between cyberbullying and family

problems, academic problems, school violence, and delinquent behaviour. And while the

cyberbully rarely inflicts physical harm to their victims, the psychological damage they cause, if

bad enough, can compel the cybervictims to inflict physical harm on themselves. In fact, there

have already been a number of young people around the world taking their own lives due to

cyberbullying.

Derrick, a 14-year-old highschool student, confessed that ever since he realized his gender

preference in Elementary, he has long since accepted the fact that there would always be people

who would be critical of him. However, he still gets pretty upset whenever some people call him

names online. Some even text him using a number he doesn’t recognize and slams him for being

a homosexual. He said that he is not sure about the identity of his attackers and that the sense of

not knowing who his attackers are has developed into some sort of paranoia. “Paminsan-minsan

hindi ko na kilala kung sino ang mga kaibigan ko at sino ang mga kaaway ko.” (Sometimes I

don’t even know who my friends are and who my enemies are.) One time, the abuse got so bad

that he refused to go to school for two days. His parents were worried but he never told his

parents about what he was going through because he was afraid that they would not understand

his situation. Also, he thinks that telling them won’t do anything good anyway.

Cyberbullying can be much worse than the ‘traditional’ bullying as it has more vicious

characteristics. First, of course, is the anonymity of the cyberbully. Although in reality the

victims of cyberbullying may actually know who their attacker is, it will just be lost behind the

cloak of anonymous email addresses, pseudonymous screen names, or private cellphone

numbers. The very small likelihood of tracing where the message came from actually encourages

the negative behaviour. It strips the cyberbully of his inhibitions and frees him from the

constraints of consequences. It can be very easy to be cruel with the use of technology. A study

by Michele L. Ybarra and Kimberly J. Mitchell, which examined youth engaging in online

harassment, found that adolescents who would not act aggressively in the traditional bullying

scenario might feel less constrained on-line. The “anonymity associated with online interactions

may strip away many aspects of socially accepted roles, leading the Internet to act as a potential

equaliser for aggressive acts”. As communication is no longer bound by time or space, a

cyberbully can send an untraceable offensive message from any computer in any café or private

laptop or cellphone at whatever time of day or night.

In today’s world where communication is 24/7, it is becoming more and more difficult to be

separated from your own mobile device. It has come to the point where not owning one can lead

to ostracism. As Hinduja & Patchin has observed, the youth has completely embraced

interactions via cellphones and computers.  And since the victims themselves cannot be parted

from their own handheld gadget, they become more vulnerable to the abuse. They always have

the option of leaving their mobile gadget off but then it isolates them from the incoming

messages that are actually of some importance or relevance. Mario, a 3rd year high school

student here, said, “Paano ‘pag biglang tumawag si mama? Paano ‘pag emergency? ‘Pag

naiwan ko wallet ko sa bahay, ok lang sa’kin kasi pwede naman ako mangutang sa mga kaibigan

ko. Pero ‘pag cellphone ko na yung naiwan…kulang na lang liparin ko yung bahay

namin.” (What if my mother calls? What if there’s an emergency? I’m okay with accidentally

leaving my wallet at home because I can always borrow some money from my friends but if I

leave my cellphone at home…I have to go back even if I need to fly home.)

In the Philippines, we often hear celebrities like Sarah Geronimo being victims of cyberbullying.

Celebrities are often the victims of identity theft as people use their names and pictures to create

an account for their personal use. But even from the stars themselves, there are cyberbullies. 

References

https://ictissues.wikispaces.com/Cyber+Bullying+-+The+Issue

https://ictissues.wikispaces.com/Cyber+Bullying+-+Possible+Solutions+and+Strategies

csus-dspace.calstate.edu/.../KELLEY%20ANDERSON%20Final%20For...

http://www.ncpc.org/resources/files/pdf/bullying/Teens%20and%20Cyberbullying%20Research%20Study.pdf

http://www.cyberbullying.org/facts/

http://www.cyberbullying.org/summary-of-our-research-2/

http://asksonnie.info/cyberbullying-statistics/

https://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/academics/communications/research/

vol3no1/04doneganejspring12.pdf

CASE STUDY:

CYBER BULLYING

PRESENTED BY:

JAYSON PATRICK D. QUITORIANO

EDCELL DAROG

RICHELLE ANNE PRESTO

SUBMITTED TO: