Cvetnic Demo NDIA

8/8/2019 Cvetnic Demo NDIA

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Approved for Public Release (03-S-1859)

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Reactive Materials in Mines and Demolitions Systems

Mark Cvetnic

Technical Director of Advanced Programs

ATK Missile Systems

4700 Nathan Lane NorthPlymouth, MN 55442-2512

(763) 744-5184

[email protected]




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Reactive Materials in Mines

³Dial-a-yield´ effects ± Tiered response -reactive materials in a blast weapon can tailor the blast effect to range from non-lethal(disorientation / discomfort / incapacitation) tolethal force.

Improved lethality ± reactivematerials improve performanceagainst personnel and vehicles.




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Reactive Material in Demolitions

Material Defeat ± Shoulder firedsystems that can defeat bunkerswithout penetrating. Increased targetset and effectiveness of SLAM.

Road Cratering ± smaller binaryshaped charge jets can create thesame hole as the current two stagedemolition system (shaped charge jetfor hole drilling and C-4 for enlarginghole and upheaval of debris).




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Reactive Materials (RM)

What is a Reactive Material? ± Any compositionthat is compatible with explosives, shock initiated,

and has dependable release of energy (rate and

amount).

Intermetallics ± SHS reactions ± Metals + Al, C or B

± Primary Reaction: metal + metal = alloy + heat

± Secondary Reaction: alloy + oxygen = oxide + heat

Thermites ± Metal + Metal Oxide

± High reaction temperatures, no gas.

Metal / Halogen ± Al + Teflon reaction

± Key focus area of reactive fragments.

Ultra Fine Aluminum Particles ± nano-energetics

± Used with AP or KP to form rocket propellants.

Metal Hydrides ± AlH3 and TiH4. ± Use compounds with hydrogen to as energy

carriers.




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Control of RM Reaction Rates.

Explosive energy ± high pressure short duration

Reactive A ± stoichiometric mix with small

particles designed to minimize total reaction time.

Reactive B ± stoichiometric mix with larger

particles designed to increase total reaction time

from Reactive A.

Reactive C ± fuel rich mix designed to maximize

total reaction time.

Why control the rate of oxidation? ± To tailor the peak pressure and

duration of the blast wave to maximize vulnerability of target.




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Generic Pressure ± Impulse Curves for target

Blast wave interaction with target Diffraction Loading ± differences of pressure occurs when blast wave passes. Function of

overpressure. Coupling is optimum when blast wave duration is ¼ the natural frequency of

target. Light weight targets are most susceptible.

Drag Coupling ± Targets damaged due to drag loading of rapid moving air. Drag load

damage increases when duration (impulse) of blast increases. Harder targets more

susceptible.




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Bowen PI Curves for Personnel

Data shown are human tolerance predictions for a 70-kg man in a free-stream blast wave (References 1 and 2).

1 Gibson, Philip W., ³Blast Overpressure and Survivability Calculations for Various Sizes of Explosive

Charges,´ United States Army Natick Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick,

Massachusetts, Report Number Natick/TR-95-003 (DTIC Accession Number AD-A286212), November 1994.

White, C.S., et al., ³The Biodynamics of Airblast,´ Defense Nuclear Agency, Report Number DNA2738T, July

1971.

10

100

1000

0.1 1 10 100 1000

Ove ess e se a sec s

e a k

O v e

e s s

e

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1% u a 50% u a a age h e ho d




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RM in Blast / Fragmentation warheads

Reactive materials, used in conjunction with variable initiation schemes, cantailor the blast / fragmentation warhead effects:

Lethal fragments patterns using reactive fragments.

Lethal blast combining the blast from the explosives and the reactive fragments.

Non-lethal blast ± using the explosives and reactive fragments to createincapacitating blast wave.

Non-lethal discomfort ± high temperature impulse, with low pressure blast, create

discomfort zone. Non-lethal disorientation ± explosives and reactive materials to create high

intensity light

ATK¶s goal is a single RM blast / fragmentation warhead that can be tailored to deliver a tiered

response from disorientation to discomfort to incapacitation to lethal.




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Effects of RM in AP mines

Non-Lethal Blast Effects

The energy release from reactive materials can be tailored to react and emitspecific bands of light that cause temporary flash blindness

The longer reaction rates of reactive materials can produce significant heat andsustained low pressures (large impulse) that can cause discomfort anddisorientation

³Dial-a-yield´ effects ± Tiered response - reactive materials in a blast weapon cantailor the blast effect to range from non-lethal incapacitation to lethal force.

LethalNon-Lethal




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Lethal Effects of RM in mines

RM Fragmentation Lethal Effects

Equivalent Kinetic Energy as steel fragments - Current generation ATK Thiokolreactive materials have same density as steel, thus giving RM fragmentationweapons the same fragment kinetic energy.

Additional Chemical Energy from RM event ±reactive fragments can produce alarge amount of chemical energy in the form of temperature, light and/or pressure.

Blast Lethal Effects

Thermobaric - reactive materials can enhance the blast wave of conventionalexplosives.

Reactive fragment event in test chamber Thermobaric event in open






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Reactive Material Shaped Charge Jet

Flamethrower & Fuel Air Explosive ±

same f uel and oxidizer, different methods

of delivery.




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How to control energy release in a RM SCJ

Reaction rates in explosives are controlled by: Fuel type, size, and distribution

Oxidizer type, size, and distribution

Binder

RM SCJ are dynamic and additional parameters must be examined:

Fuel size and distribution are function of liner material and process used to create jet.

Oxidizer size and distribution function of jet interaction

Fuel Choice& SCJ Process

Jet & OxidizerInteraction




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Range of RM SCJ tested

Slow reaction rates

Medium reaction rates

Fast Reaction Rates

Maximum Penetration

Minimal Overpressure

Minor improvement over inert SCJ

Minimum Penetration

Maximum Overpressure

Best suited for cratering

Maintain penetration

Significant overpressure damage

Best suited for bunker defeat




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RM SCJ Bunker Defeat

Improved Effects ± Penetration

± Overpressure

± Impulse

± Heat / Temperature

Thermobaric Reaction after Reactive SCJ penetrates concrete wall




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Binary Road Cratering System

Target ± Concrete Slab with rebar

8 ft wide

+24 ft long

5 ½ inches thick with soil underneath.

Shaped Charge Jet

Conical

Diameter = 7.87 inches

Explosive weight = 11.65lbs

Oxidizer

Entrainment system




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Crater formed by binary system

Damage to Target

Crater Diameter > eight feet

Crater Depth = 52 inches

Depth of hole and upheaval of concrete demonstrates energy release of SCJ.

Potential for Road Cratering demonstrated.




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Contributions to this effort

ATK Ordnance and Ground Systems

ATK Thiokol Propulsion

Mike MatthewsConsultant

Sigma Labs

AFRL HERD

ATK Ammunition and Powder

ARDEC ±Picatinny Arsenal

Aerospace GroupHeadquarters

ATK Thiokol Propulsion ATK Composites

NAVSEA - Dahlgren

Lawrence LivermoreNational Labs.

General Science Inc

ATK Missile Systems

Los AlamosNational Labs

Aveka Inc

Technanogy

Battelle

NAVAIR - China Lake




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Questions?

Mark Cvetnic

Technical Director of Advanced Programs

ATK Missile Systems

4700 Nathan Lane NorthPlymouth, MN 55442-2512

(763) 744-5184

[email protected]

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Cvetnic Demo NDIA