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Importance of Efficient Ground Transportation Access to AirportsUSF CUTR WEBCAST8/31/2017

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Quick Bio

» Aviation Planner at RS&H

» Based in Tampa, FL

» Experience at large, international airports and small

general aviation airports

» Master’s in Urban and Regional Planning from the

University of Florida

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Quick Poll Question

How familiar are you with airports?

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Airports..Why Should We Care?

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Why Should We Care About Airports?

“Look for yesterday's busiest train terminals and

you will find today's great urban centers.

Look for today's busiest airports and you will

find the great urban centers of tomorrow.”

- John D. KasardaThe Aerotropolis

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Key Transportation Infrastructure» Transportation infrastructure is backbone of all cities» Airports are integral to a region’s transportation network» Gateway to the world» Airports also generate economic impact

Source: 2014 Florida Statewide Aviation Economic Impact Study Executive Summary

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FL Statewide Aviation Economic Impact

Source: 2014 Florida Statewide Aviation Economic Impact Study Executive Summary

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Regional Access to Airports

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Basic Airport Layout

Source: 2017 FAA Airport Terminal and Landside Planning Presentation

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Why is Efficient Access Important?» Efficient access to support movement of goods and

people» Victoria Transport Policy Institute defines accessibility

“…the ease of reaching goods, services, activities, and destinations, which together are called opportunities.”

» Landside accessibility can impact airport utilization– Efficient airport access supports airport competitiveness in

regions with multiple airports

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Congested Airport Roads

Source: latimes.com

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Transit Access» Attaining high transit ridership is challenging

» Encourage use of existing service/infrastructure

Source: Bangkok.comSource: kcet.org

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Other Solutions

» TNCs

– Gaining traction in FL but not long ago Uber and Lyft were not welcome at airports

– Florida has passed new legislation that takes power away from local governments in regulating TNCs (this also applies to airports)

» Driverless vehicles

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Is there an Ideal Solution?

» Clear, easy, and efficient access to the airport

– As consumers, we have options

– Many people don’t always consider that there are options in air travel; however, there are

– One area where the wait time and consumer is especially sensitive to efficiency is general aviation, especially corporate aviation

» Efficient access supports all kinds of businesses

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Aerotropolis Concept

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What is the Aerotropolis Concept?

» Urban form and economic development model whose layout is centered on an airport

– Center is dubbed the “Airport City”

– Termed by Dr. John Kasarda, UNC at Chapel Hill

» More people are traveling by air than ever before

» Automobile access to airports is generally convenient

» Airports are can be difficult to access by public transit

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Aerotropolis Concept» Functional form

– Largely non-spatially defined and usually unobservable– Consists of firms and frequent air travelers who may be

widely dispersed throughout a metropolitan region» Spatial form

– Consists of physically observable development on and around the airport and along its connecting surface transportation corridors

» Time, cost, and convenience are primary planning metrics– It is not how far, but how fast aerotropolis firms can connect

to their suppliers, customers, and enterprise partners locally, nationally, and globally

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Aerotropolis Concept

Source: Aerotropolis.com

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Challenges toEfficient Access

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Who Should Lead the Way?» Thoughtful coordination is required

– Who’s responsibility is it?– Limited by political boundary, jurisdiction, and purview

» Regional agencies like MPOs exist for this reason» Ideally, plans are coordinated

– Airport Master Plan– City/County Comprehensive Plans– LRTP– State Aviation Plan

» Intergovernmental coordination is messy– Regulatory hurdles are challenging (much like anything in

government)

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Airport Owner/Operator

City33%

Airport Authority30%

County15%

Port Authority9%

State7%

Intercity Agreements/Special Tax Districts

6%

Source: 2010 Airports Council International Ownership Primer

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Airport Stakeholders are Many» Airlines

– At many airports, airlines have veto-power in the approval of capital improvement projects

» Other stakeholders include– The public (traveling public and the community at large)– On- and off-airport businesses– Local and State government– Federal government (e.g., FAA, TSA, CBP, military)

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Master Plan Process“An airport master plan is a comprehensive study of an airport and usually describes the short-, medium-, and long-term development plans to meet future aviation demand.”

- FAA Advisory Circular 50/5070-6B

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Poor Perception of Airports» Airports often viewed as nuisance

– Noise– Odors/fumes– Traffic

» Airports have been pushed to the exurbs due to noise and encroachment of incompatible land uses– Accessing airports has become more difficult

» Can be difficult to obtain public support for airport development

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Other Challenges» Funding challenges for more infrastructure

– Who funds it?– Competition with other airports (at federal, state, and local

level)» Airport security

– Moving the screening point beyond the terminal building?

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Passenger Terminal Access Planning

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Basic Airport Layout» Generally, airports consist of three primary areas

– Airside | Landside | Building (e.g., passenger terminal)

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Terminal Landside Elements

Economy Parking

Economy Parking

Cell Phone Lot

Cell Phone Lot Rental Car

Ready/ReturnRental Car

Ready/Return

Terminal Curbside Roadways

Terminal Curbside Roadways

Valet ParkingValet Parking

Local Access Roadways

Local Access Roadways

Rental Car Service Centers

Rental Car Service Centers

Overflow Parking

Overflow Parking

Long Term Parking LotLong Term Parking Lot

Commercial Vehicle Hold Area

Commercial Vehicle Hold Area

Employee ParkingEmployee Parking

Secure Service Road

Secure Service Road

Airport Entrance/Exit Roadway

Airport Entrance/Exit Roadway

Tenant ParkingTenant Parking

Recirculation RoadRecirculation Road

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Planning Process

Source: ACRP Report 25, Vol. 1

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Planning Process» Evaluating the aviation demand

– Forecasting for commercial passenger traffic» Average day peak month demand (design day)» Demand during the peak period (design hour)

– Passenger departures– Passenger arrivals

» Multiple peaks may exist throughout the day

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Planning Considerations» Mode splits

– Private vehicle• Drop-off/pickup and/or parking• Rental car

– Commercial vehicle• Taxi/limousine• Transportation Network Company (TNCs)• Hotel/courtesy shuttle• Charter bus

– Public transit• Bus• Train

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Planning Considerations» Clear and concise wayfinding is key» Complex decision making

– Multiple routes– Large number of merge/diverge points– Several decisions in short distances

» Infrequent users– Many drivers visit only once or few times per year– Lower speeds– Slower reaction times

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Terminal Curbside Planning

Source: ACRP Report 25, Vol. 1

Stop

Thru

StopThru

Thru

Stop

ThruThru

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Terminal Curbside Planning

Source: ACRP Report 25, Vol. 1

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Landside Optimization

» Lengthening of distance between decision points

» Wayfinding and signage improvements

» Acceleration and deceleration lanes

» Sight distance improvement

» Driveway consolidation

» Conflict removal

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Landside Optimization

» Curb discipline (active curb policing)

» Providing vehicle hold areas to reduce recirculating traffic

– Cell phone lots

» TNC and rideshare hold lots

» Capacity improvements—additional travel lanes, widen shoulders, curb frontage

» Vehicle segregation with separate curbs

» Roadway geometry changes

» Grade separation

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DFW Airport Access

Source: Google Earth Imagery

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Orlando International Airport Access

Source: Google Earth Imagery

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Atlanta International Airport Access

Source: Google Earth Imagery

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LAX LAMP

Source: Google Earth Imagery, connectinglax.com

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LAX LAMP

Source: connectinglax.com

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LAX LAMP

Source: connectinglax.com

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Tampa International CONRAC and APM

Source: Google Earth Imagery

New Consolidated

Rental Car Facility

Existing Economy Parking Garage

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Air Cargo Access Planning

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Air Cargo Is Essential» Time Sensitive» High Value» Perishable

• It’s expensive

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Air Cargo Facilities Overview

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Air Cargo Facilities Overview

Source: ACRP Report 143

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Air Cargo Facilities Overview

Source: ACI-NA Air Cargo Guide

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Air Cargo Facilities Overview

Source: ACI-NA Air Cargo Guide

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Air Cargo Facilities OverviewFedEx Facility at LAX

Source: Google Earth Imagery

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General Aviation Access Planning

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What is General Aviation?» Business Operations» Recreational Operations» Flight Training» Special Operations (e.g., research flights, surveillance,

agricultural spraying, emergency response, fire suppression)

Source: ACRP Report 113

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Basic FBO Facility Layout

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Tampa Executive Airport

Source: Google Earth Imagery, Google Street View Imagery

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Wrap Up

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Takeaways

» A healthy local and regional economy is dependent on an efficient transportation network

» Enhanced airport landside access benefits everyone

» Intergovernmental coordination is messy

» Infrastructure is important…very important

» Small scale enhancements are also important

– Signage and wayfinding, for example

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The Future of Airport Landside Access?» High Speed Rail Access» Growth of TNCs

– Replacement of taxis?» Personal Rapid Transit

– Morgantown, WV– London Heathrow Airport

Source: ARUP.com

Source: PRTconsulting.com

Source: govtech.com

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Thank You for Your Attention!

Comments? Questions?