Cutnell7e Appendix Answers to Problems

7/31/2019 Cutnell7e Appendix Answers to Problems

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A-9

C H A P T E R 1

CYU 1: b and dCYU 2: (a) 11 m

(b) 5 mCYU 3: (a)

(b)(c)

CYU 4: a

C H A P T E R 2

CYU 1: His average velocity is 2.7 m/s,due east. His average speed is8.0 m/s.

CYU 2: cCYU 3: 1.73CYU 4: b

C H A P T E R 3

CYU 1: bCYU 2: cCYU 3: a and cCYU 4: 1. ϩ 70 m/s

2. ϩ 30 m/s3. ϩ 40 m/s4. Ϫ 60 m/s

C H A P T E R 4

CYU 1: cCYU 2: dCYU 3: 43Њ

CYU 4: aCYU 5: a

C H A P T E R 5

CYU 1: (a) The velocity is due south, andthe acceleration is due west.

(b) The velocity is due west, andthe acceleration is due north.

CYU 2: (a) 4r (b) 4r

CYU 3: less thanCYU 4: (a) less than

(b) equal to

R x is ϩ , R y is ϩ B x is ϩ , B y is Ϫ A x is Ϫ , A y is ϩ

C H A P T E R 6

CYU 1: bCYU 2: falseCYU 3: b and dCYU 4: c

C H A P T E R 7

CYU 1: bCYU 2: aCYU 3: dCYU 4: above the halfway point

C H A P T E R 8CYU 1: B, C,ACYU 2: 1.0 rev/sCYU 3: 0.30 mCYU 4: 8.0 m/s 2

C H A P T E R 9

CYU 1: 0Њ, 45Њ, 90Њ

CYU 2: (a) C(b) A(c) B

CYU 3: A, B, CCYU 4: (a) Both have the same

translational speed.(b) Both have the same

translational speed.

C H A P T E R 1 0

CYU 1: 180 N/mCYU 2: IICYU 3: b, c, aCYU 4: The rod with the square

cross section is longer.

C H A P T E R 1 1

CYU 1: increase, decrease, remain constantCYU 2: cCYU 3: dCYU 4: e

C H A P T E R 1 2

CYU 1: 178 ЊXCYU 2: b and dCYU 3: c, b, d, aCYU 4: c, a, b

C H A P T E R 1 3

CYU 1: cCYU 2: b

C H A P T E R 1 4

CYU 1: 66.4%CYU 2: Xenon has the greatest and argon

the smallest temperature.

CYU 3:

CYU 4: c, a, b

C H A P T E R 1 5

CYU 1: dCYU 2: bCYU 3: cCYU 4: d

C H A P T E R 1 6

CYU 1: aCYU 2: CO and N 2

CYU 3: (a)(b) 2

CYU 4: (a) The truck driver is driving faster.(b) minus sign in both places

C H A P T E R 1 7

CYU 1: (a) 0 cm(b) Ϫ 2 cm(c) ϩ 2 cm

CYU 2: 387 HzCYU 3: (a) 4

(b) 3(c) node(d) 110 Hz

CYU 4: (a) antinode(b) node(c)(d) lowered

14

14

v rms, new

v rms, initial

ϭ 0.707

A N S W E R ST O C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S TA N D I N G

46179_Answers_pA9-A19.qxd 1/26/06 4:13 PM Page A-9



A-10 | ANSWERS TO CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

C H A P T E R 1 8

CYU 1: b and eCYU 2: c, a, bCYU 3: (a) corner C

(b) negative(c) greater

CYU 4: The uxes in ( a ) and ( b) are thesame.

C H A P T E R 1 9

CYU 1: (a) Yes.(b) No.(c) Yes.(d) Yes.

CYU 2: b, c, a and d (a tie)CYU 3: (a) ϩ 2.0 V

(b) 0 V(c) ϩ 2.0 V

CYU 4: (a) decreases(b) increases(c) increases(d) increases

C H A P T E R 2 0

CYU 1: B, D, and ECYU 2: cCYU 3: 3 R, andCYU 4: I 1 ϩ I 3 ϭ I 2

3.0 V ϩ 7.0 V ϩ I 3 R3 ϭ I 1 R1

5.0 V ϭ I 3 R3 ϩ 7.0 V ϩ I 2 R2

CYU 5: 0.80 s

C H A P T E R 2 1

CYU 1: dCYU 2: 1, 3, 2CYU 3: B and D (a tie),A, CCYU 4: A, D, C, B

C H A P T E R 2 2

CYU 1: dCYU 2: a

13 R

23 R,3

2 R,

CYU 3: The eld points away from youand is decreasing, or the eldpoints toward you and isincreasing.

CYU 4: the one-turn coilCYU 5: b and d

C H A P T E R 2 3CYU 1: The ratio increases by a factor of 3.CYU 2: (a) inductor

(b) resistorCYU 3: less thanCYU 4: (a) remains the same

(b) decreases

C H A P T E R 2 4

CYU 1: eCYU 2: dCYU 3: B,A, CCYU 4: unpolarized—c

polarized—b

C H A P T E R 2 5

CYU 1: 55°CYU 2: f inside ϭ ϩ 0.30 m

f outside ϭ Ϫ 0.30 mCYU 3: The magnitudes of the image

distance and the image height bothbecome larger.

CYU 4: A, D, and E

C H A P T E R 2 6

CYU 1: BCYU 2: cCYU 3: ACYU 4: converging lens, d o ϭCYU 5: 0.042 rad

C H A P T E R 2 7CYU 1: (a) constructive

(b) destructive(c) destructive

12 f

CYU 2: (a) d 1 and 2

(b) d 2 and 1

CYU 3: (a) A and C(b) B

CYU 4: (a) broaden(b) contract

CYU 5: (a) the maximum that is closer to

the central maximum(b) away from the centralmaximum

C H A P T E R 2 8

CYU 1: dCYU 2: bCYU 3: greatest—c

smallest—bCYU 4: c

C H A P T E R 2 9

CYU 1: aCYU 2: less thanCYU 3: b

C H A P T E R 3 0

CYU 1: dCYU 2: (a) Yes.

(b) No.CYU 3: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p6

CYU 4: c

C H A P T E R 3 1

CYU 1: c, dCYU 2: cCYU 3: dCYU 4: b

C H A P T E R 3 2

CYU 1: neutrons, ␣ particles, raysCYU 2: cCYU 3: dCYU 4: b and d




A-11

C H A P T E R 1

1. 1.37 lb3. (a) 54.7 km/h

(b) 15.2 m/s5. (a) 5 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 g

(b) 5 mg(c) 5 ϫ 103 g

7. (a) correct(b) not correct(c) not correct(d) correct(e) correct

9. 3.13 ϫ 108 m3

11. 5.5 km13. 80.1 km, 25.9° south of west15. 54.1 m17. 35.3°19. 1.2 ϫ 102 m21. (a) 551 newtons, 36.1° north of west

(b) 551 newtons, 36.1° south of west23. (a) 9.4 ft

(b) 69°25. (a) 5.31 km, south

(b) 5.31 km, north27. (a) 5600 newtons

(b) along the dashed line29. (a) 8.6 units

(b) 34.9° north of west(c) 8.6 units(d) 34.9° south of west

31. (a)(b)33. (a) 147 km

(b) 47.9 km35. 222 m, 55.8° below the Ϫ x axis37. (a) 25.0°

(b) 34.8 newtons39. (a) 322 newtons

(b) 209 newtons(c) 279 newtons

41. 7.1 m, 9.9° north of east43. 30.2 m, 10.2°45. (a) 2.7 km

(b) 6.0 ϫ 101 degrees,north of east

47. 6.88 km, 26.9°

49. (a) 178 units(b) 164 units

51. (a) 64 m(b) 37° south of east

53. (a) 15.8 m/s(b) 6.37 m/s

55. (a) 46 paces(b) 88 paces

BBC

B

57. (a) 5.70 ϫ 102 newtons(b) 33.6° south of west

59. (a) 10.4 units(b) 12.0 units

61. (a) 142 newtons, 67° south of east(b) 142 newtons, 67° north of west

63. 288 units due west and 156 units duenorth

C H A P T E R 2

1. (a) 12.4 km(b) 8.8 km, due east

3. 0.80 s5. 9.17.

52 m9. (a) 2.67 ϫ 104 m(b) 6.74 m/s, due north

11. 2.1 s13. (a) 4.0 s

(b) 4.0 s15. 3.19 m/s, due west17. 30.0 m/s19. 4.5 m21. (a) 11.4 s

(b) 44.7 m/s 2

23. (a) 1.7 ϫ 102 cm/s2

(b) 0.15 s25. (a) 1.5 m/s 2

(b) 1.5 m/s 2

(c) The car travels 76 m farther than the

jogger.27. 0.74 m/s29. 39.2 m31. 0.87 m/s 2, in the same direction as the

velocity33. (a) ϩ 5.26 m/s

(b) ϩ 233 m35. 14 s37. 44.1 m/s39. 6.12 s41. 1.7 s43. Ϫ 1.5 m/s 2

45. 1.1 s47. 8.96 m49. 0.767 m/s51. 2.0 ϫ 101 m

53. 0.40 s55. 6.0 m below the top of the cliff 57. 1.9 m/s 2 (segment A), 0 m/s 2 (segment B),

3.3 m/s 2 (segment C )59. The answer is in graphical form.61. Ϫ 8.3 km/h 2

63. (a) 6.6 s(b) 5.3 m/s

65. 91.5 m/s67. Ϫ 3.1 m/s 2

69. 5 ϫ 104 yr71. Ϫ 22 m/s 2

73. 7.2 ϫ 103 m75. 10.6 m77. 11.1 s79. (a) 13 m/s

(b) 0.93 m/s 2

C H A P T E R 3

1. 242 m/s3. 8600 m5. 8.8 ϫ 102 m7. x ϭ 75.3 km, y ϭ 143 km9. 27.0°

11. (a) 2.99 ϫ 104 m/s(b) 2.69 ϫ 104 m/s

13. 14.6 s15. 5.1 m17. 1.7 s19. (a) 6.0 ϫ 101 m

(b) 290 m21. (a) 239 m/s, 57.1° with respect to the

horizontal(b) 239 m/s, 57.1° with respect to the

horizontal23. (a) 85 m

(b) 610 m25. (a) 1.1 s

(b) 1.3 s27. 5.2 m29. 14.1 m/s31. 33.2 m33. 11 m/s35. 14.7 m/s37. 42°39. 21.9 m/s, 40.0°41. 0.141° and 89.860°43. D ϭ 850 m and H ϭ 31 m45. v 0B ϭ 8.79 m/s and B ϭ 81.5°47. (a) 2.0 ϫ 103 s

(b) 1.8 ϫ 103 m49. 4.5 m/s51. (a) 41 m/s, due east

(b) 41 m/s, due west

53. 6.3 m/s, 18° north of east55. 7.63 m/s, 26.4° north of east57. 5.2 m/s, 52° west of south59. 3.05 m/s, 14.8° north of west61. 5.4 m/s63. (a) 1.78 s

(b) 20.8 m/s65. 30.0 m

A N S W E R ST O O D D - N U M B E R E D P R O B L E M S




A-12 | ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS

67. 5.17 s69. 63.9 m/s, 85° west of south71. 14.9 m73. 1 ϭ 28.1° and 2 ϭ 67.7°

C H A P T E R 4

1. 93 N

3. 3.5 ϫ 104

N5. 4290 N7. 37 N9. (a) 3.6 N

(b) 0.40 N11. 1.83 m/s 2, left13. 30.9 m/s 2, 27.2° above the ϩ x axis15. 0.78 m, 21° south of east17. 18.4 N, 68° north of east19. 9.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 9 N21. (a) 10.5 m/s 2

(b) 1.0723. 0.223 m/s 2

25. (a) 1.04 ϫ 103 N(b) 1.04 ϫ 103 N(c) 2.45 m/s 2

(d) 1.74 ϫ 10Ϫ

22 m/s2

27. (a) 3.75 m/s 2

(b) 2.4 ϫ 102 N29. 4.7 kg31. 17833. 0.414 L35. 39 N37. The block will move. a ϭ 3.72 m/s 2

39. (a) 447 N(b) 241 N

41. (a) 390 N(b) 7.7 m/s, direction is toward second base

43. 4.0 ϫ 102 N45. 1.65 m/s 2, 34.6° above the ϩ x axis47. (a) 7.40 ϫ 105 N

(b) 1.67 ϫ 109 N49. 1.00 ϫ 102 N, 53.1° south of east51. 929 N53. 9.70 N for each force55. 62 N57. 1.9 ϫ 102 N59. 0.14161. 406 N63. 18.0 m/s 2, 56.3° above the ϩ x axis65. 1730 N, due west67. (a) 2.99 m/s 2

(b) 129 N69. 6.6 m/s71. (a) 1.3 N

(b) 6.5 N73. (a) 1610 N

(b) 2640 N75. 8.7 s77. (a) 4.25 m/s 2

(b) 1080 N79. 0.265 m81. (a) ⌬T A ϭ 0 N, ⌬T B ϭ Ϫ 4.7 N,

⌬T C ϭ 0 N(b) ⌬T A ϭ 0 N, ⌬T B ϭ 0 N,

⌬T C ϭ ϩ 4.7 N

83. (a) 13.7 N(b) 1.37 m/s 2

85. 1.2 s87. (a) W ϭ 1.13 ϫ 103 N, m ϭ 115 kg

(b) W ϭ 0 N, m ϭ 115 kg89. 7.3 ϫ 102 N91. 0.44493. 29 400 N95. 130 N97. 1.76 ϫ 1024 kg99. (a) 3.56 m/s 2

(b) 281 N101. 286 N103. 0.14 m/s 2

105. 33 s107. 16.3 N109. (a) 0.60 m/s 2

(b) 104 N (left string), 230 N (right string)111. 68°

C H A P T E R 5

1. 160 s3. 6.9 m/s 2

5. 0.717. 19 m/s 2

9. 2.211. (a) 1.2 ϫ 104 N

(b) 1.7 ϫ 104 N13. (a) 0.189 N

(b) 4.0015. 1.5 m17. 3500 N19. 0.25021. 2.0 ϫ 101 m/s23. 39°25. 2.12 ϫ 106 N27. 1.33 ϫ 104 m/s29. 4.20 ϫ 104 m/s31. 1/2733. 2.45 ϫ 104 N35. (a) 912 m

(b) 228 m(c) 2.50 m/s 2

37. 2.9 ϫ 104 N39. 17 m/s41. 8.48 m/s43. 0.68 m/s45. 61°47. 332 m49. (a) 1.70 ϫ 103 N

(b) 1.66 ϫ 103 N51. 10 600 rev/min53. (a) 3510 N

(b) 14.9 m/s55. 23 N at 19.0 m/s and 77 N at 38.0 m/s

C H A P T E R 6

1. Ϫ 2.6 ϫ 106 J3. (a) Ϫ 3.38 ϫ 103 J

(b) 3.38 ϫ 103 J5. 2.2 ϫ 103 J7. (a) 54.9 N

(b) 1060 J

(c) Ϫ 1060 J(d) 0 J

9. 45 N11. 2.07 ϫ 103 N13. 6.4 ϫ 105 J15. (a) 38 J

(b) 3.8 ϫ 103 N

17. (a) 3.1ϫ

103

J(b) 2.2 ϫ 102 J19. 18%21. 1.4 ϫ 1011 J23. 5.4 ϫ 102 J25. 2.39 ϫ 105 J27. (a) Ϫ 3.00 ϫ 104 J

(b) The resistive force is not a conserva-tive force.

29. 5.24 ϫ 105 J31. 2.3 ϫ 104 J33. (a) 28.3 m/s

(b) 28.3 m/s(c) 28.3 m/s

35. At h ϭ 20.0 m, KE ϭ 0 J, PE ϭ 392 J,and E ϭ 392 J.

At h ϭ 10.0 m, KE ϭ 196 J, PE ϭ 196 J,and E ϭ 392 J.At h ϭ 0 m, KE ϭ 392 J, PE ϭ 0 J, and

E ϭ 392 J.37. (a) 52.2 J

(b) 48.8 m/s39. 3.29 m/s41. 1.7 m/s43. 40.8 kg45. 16.5 m47. Ϫ 4.51 ϫ 104 J49. Ϫ 1.21 ϫ 106 J51. 2450 N53. 4.17 m/s55. 3.6 ϫ 106 J57. (a) 3.3 ϫ 104 W

(b) 5.1 ϫ 104 W59. (a) 1.0 ϫ 104 W

(b) 13 hp61. 6.7 ϫ 102 N63. (a) Bow 1 requires more work.

(b) 25 J65. (a) 93 J

(b) 0 J(c) 2.3 m/s

67. (a) 1.50 ϫ 102 J(b) 7.07 m/s

69. 4.13 m71. 42.8°73. (a) 1.80 ϫ 103 J

(b) Ϫ 1.20 ϫ 103 J75. (a) 2.8 J

(b) 35 N77. 6.33 m79. 13.5 m

C H A P T E R 7

1. 9.6 ms3. (a) ϩ 1.7 kg иm/s

(b) ϩ 570 N




ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS| A-13

5. Ϫ 8.7 kg иm/s7. ϩ 69 N9. 960 N

11. 4.28 N иs, upward13. 3.7 N иs15. Ϫ 1.5 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 m/s17. (a) Ϫ 1.5 m/s

(b)ϩ

1.1 m/s19. (a) 77.9 m/s(b) 45.0 m/s

21. 1.5 ϫ 10Ϫ 10 m/s23. 0.097 m25. 3.0 m/s27. 3.00 m29. (a) 4.89 m/s

(b) 1.22 m31. ϩ 9.3 m/s33. (a) ϩ 8.9 m/s

(b) Ϫ 3.6 ϫ 104 N иs(c) 5.9 m

35. (a) 73.0°(b) 4.28 m/s

37. 2.175 ϫ 10Ϫ 3

39. (a) 5.56 m/s(b) Ϫ 2.83 m/s (1.50-kg ball),

ϩ 2.73 m/s (4.60-kg ball)(c) 0.409 m (1.50-kg ball),

0.380 m (4.60-kg ball)41. 4.67 ϫ 106 m43. 6.46 ϫ 10Ϫ 11 m45. 96 kg47. (a) Ϫ 0.400 m/s (5.00-kg ball),

ϩ 1.60 m/s (7.50-kg ball)(b) ϩ 0.800 m/s

49. 84 kg51. 4500 m/s, in the same direction as the

rocket before the explosion53. m1 ϭ 1.00 kg, m2 ϭ 1.00 kg55. 0.34 s57. ϩ 547 m/s

C H A P T E R 8

1. 63.7 grad3. 21 rad5. 492 rad/s7. 6.4 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 rad/s2

9. 825 m11. 6.05 m13. 336 m/s15. 25 rev17. (a) 4.00 ϫ 101 rad

(b) 15.0 rad/s19. (a) 1.2 ϫ 104 rad

(b) 1.1 ϫ 102 s21. 28 rad/s23. 1.95 ϫ 104 rad25. 12.5 s27. 7.37 s29. 0.18 m31. 0.62 m33. (a) 4.66 ϫ 102 m/s

(b) 70.6°

35. 0.300 m/s37. 14.8 rad/s39. (a) 9.00 m/s 2

(b) radially inward41. 380 m/s 2

43.45. 1.00 rad

47. 8.71 rad/s2

49. 693 rad51. 4.9 ϫ 107 rev53. 11.8 rad55. 2 revolutions57. (a) 2.5 m/s 2

(b) 3.1 m/s 2

59. 157.3 rad/s61. 22 rev/s63. (a) 1.25 m/s

(b) 7.98 rev/s65. 3.37 s67. 20.6 rad

C H A P T E R 9

1. 2.1 ϫ 102 N3. 843 N5. 1.37. 0.667 m9. (a) ϭ FL

(b) ϭ FL(c) ϭ FL

11. 196 N (force on each hand),96 N (force on each foot)

13. (a) 2590 N(b) 2010 N

15. 1200 N, to the left17. (a) 27 N, to the left

(b) 27 N, to the right(c) 27 N, to the right(d) 143 N, downward and to the left,

pointing 79° below the horizontal19. (a) 1.60 ϫ 105 N

(b) 4.20 ϫ 105 N21. (a) 7.40 ϫ 102 N

(b) 0.851 m23. (a) 1.21 ϫ 103 N

(b) 1.01 ϫ 103 N, downward25. 69 N27. 1.7 m29. 8.2 rad/s 2

31. (a) Ϫ 11 N иm(b) Ϫ 9.2 rad/s 2

33. (a) 0.131 kg иm2

(b) 3.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 kg иm2

(c) 0.149 kg иm2

35. (a) 5.94 rad/s 2

(b) 44.0 N37. (a) 2.67 kg иm2

(b) 1.16 m39. 0.78 N41. I ϭ 3 MR2 /243. 6.1 ϫ 105 rev/min45. (a) v T1 ϭ 12.0 m/s, v T2 ϭ 9.00 m/s,

v T3 ϭ 18.0 m/s(b) 1.08 ϫ 103 J

1/ √3

(c) 60.0 kg иm2

(d) 1.08 ϫ 103 J47. 2/749. 3/451. 2.0 m53. 4.4 kg иm2

55. 0.26 rad/s

57. 34 m/s59. 0.17 m61. 4.2 N иm63. (a) 0.14 rad/s

(b) A net external torque must be appliedin a direction opposite to the angulardeceleration.

65. 0.060 kg иm2

67. 37.6°69. 8% increase71. 51.4 N

C H A P T E R 1 0

1. 237 N3. 1.4 kg5. 0.012 m

7. 0.240 m9. 0.79

11. 2.29 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 m13. (a) 1.00 ϫ 103 N/m

(b) 0.34015. (a) 140 m/s

(b) 1.7 ϫ 1015 m/s2

17. (a) 0.080 m(b) 1.6 rad/s(c) 2.0 N/m(d) 0 m/s(e) 0.20 m/s 2

19. 696 N/m21. (a) 2.66 Hz

(b) 0.0350 m23. (a) 0.25 s

(b) 0.75 s25. (a) 58.8 N/m

(b) 11.4 rad/s27. h PE PE

(meters) KE (gravity) (elastic) E

0 0 J 0 J 8.76 J 8.76 J0.200 1.00 J 3.92 J 3.84 J 8.76 J0.400 0 J 7.84 J 0.92 J 8.76 J

29. 14 m/s31. 7.18 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m33. (a) 9.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m

(b) 2.1 m/s35. 24.2 rad/s37. 2.37 ϫ 103 N/m39. 0.99 m41. 21 m43. 0.81645. 7 R /547. 7.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 m49. 1.4 ϫ 10Ϫ 6

51. (a) 4.9 ϫ 106 N/m2

(b) 6.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 6 m53. 1.6 ϫ 105 N




A-14 | ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS

55. 2.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 m57. (a) 1.8 ϫ 10Ϫ 7 m

(b) 1.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 6 m59. 1.2 ϫ 1011 N/m2

61. 1.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 m63. 4.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 4

65. 4.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 m

67. 3.5ϫ

104

N/m69. 6.0 m/s 2

71. 3.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 m73. 260 m75. 4.3 kg77. 1.25 m/s (11.2-kg block), 0.645 m/s

(21.7-kg block)79. 33.4 m/s81. Ϫ 4.4 ϫ 10Ϫ 5

83. 0.806

C H A P T E R 1 1

1. 6.6 ϫ 106 kg3. 3.91 ϫ 10Ϫ 6 m3

5. 317 m 2

7. 1.9 gal9. 63%

11. 1.1 ϫ 103 N13. 4.76 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 m2

15. 2.4 ϫ 103 Pa17. 0.750 m19. (a) 1.26 ϫ 105 Pa

(b) 19.4 m21. (a) 3.5 ϫ 106 N

(b) 1.2 ϫ 106 N23. 1.2 ϫ 105 Pa25. 10.3 m27. 31.3 rad/s29. 0.74 m31. 3.8 ϫ 105 N33. (a) 93.0 N

(b) 94.9 N35. 5.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m37. 8.50 ϫ 105 N иm39. 59 N41. 2.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 m3

43. 2.04 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 m3

45. 0.20 m47. 7.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m49. 5.28 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m and 6.20 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m51. 4.5 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 kg/s53. (a) 0.18 m

(b) 0.14 m55. (a) 1.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 m3 /s

(b) 2.0 ϫ 101 m/s57. (a) 150 Pa

(b) The pressure inside the roof is greaterthan that outside the roof, so there is anet outward force.

59. 1.92 ϫ 105 N61. (a) 17.1 m/s

(b) 2.22 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m3 /s63. (a) 14 m/s

(b) 0.98 m 3 /s65. 33 m/s67. 9600 N

69. 7.78 m/s71. (a) 1.01 ϫ 105 Pa

(b) 1.19 ϫ 105 Pa73. 1.7 m75. (a) 2.8 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 N

(b) 1.0 ϫ 101 m/s77. 7.0 ϫ 105 Pa79. 4.89 m81. 8750 N (The bed should not

be purchased.)83. 1.91 m/s85. (a) 2.45 ϫ 105 Pa

(b) 1.73 ϫ 105 Pa87. 0.81689. 6.3 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 kg91. 1.19 ϫ 105 Pa93. (a) 32.8 m/s

(b) 54.9 m95. 1.41 ϫ 105 N, downward

C H A P T E R 1 2

1. Ϫ 459.67 °F3. (a) 102 °C (day), Ϫ 173 °C (night)

(b) 215 °F (day), Ϫ 2.80 ϫ 102 °F (night)5. 0.2 °C7. Ϫ 164 °C9. 4.9 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m

11. 1500 m13. 8.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 4

15. Ϫ 2.82 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 m17. 49 °C19. 2.0027 s21. 41 °C23. 0.625. 3.1 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 m3

27. 2.5 ϫ 10Ϫ 7 m3

29. 230 C°31. 0.33 gal33. 9.0 mm35. 45 atm37. 6.939. $23041. 36.2 °C43. 21.03 °C45. 940 °C47. 650 W49. 6.7 ϫ 102 W51. 3.9 ϫ 105 J53. (a) 4.52 ϫ 106 J

(b) 5.36 ϫ 106 J55. 3.9 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 kg57. 1.85 ϫ 105 J59. 0.22361. 2.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 kg63. 1.9 ϫ 104 J/kg65. 3.50 ϫ 102 m/s67. 0 °C69. 10 °C71. 2.8 ϫ 105 J73. 39%75. 28%77. 0.084 m79. 9.49 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 kg

81. 110 C°83. one penny85. 33%87. (a) 3.0 ϫ 1020 J

(b) 3.2 years89. 4.4 ϫ 103 N91. 0.016 °C93. 1.1 ϫ 103 N

C H A P T E R 1 3

1. 12 J3. 1.5 C°5. 2.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 m7. 179. (a) 6.58 ϫ 103 J/(s иm2)

(b) 2.40 ϫ 106 J/(s иm2)11. Ϫ 15 °C13. (a) 101.2 °C

(b) 110.6 °C15. 0.7417. 14.5 d19. 2.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 m2

21. 532 K23. 0.7025. 1227. 8.0 ϫ 102 J/s29. 1.2 ϫ 104 s31. 320 K33. 3.1 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 kg/s35. (a) 2.0

(b) 0.61

C H A P T E R 1 4

1. 1.07 ϫ 10Ϫ 22 kg3. (a) 294.307 u

(b) 4.887 ϫ 10Ϫ 25 kg5. aluminum7. 42.4 mol9. 2.3 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 mol

11. (a) 201 mol(b) 1.21 ϫ 105 Pa

13. 1.0 ϫ 103 kg15. 925 K17. 3919. (a) 3.3 ϫ 102 K

(b) 2.8 ϫ 105 Pa21. 5.9 ϫ 104 g23. 0.93 mol/m 3

25. 440 K27. 308 K29. (a) 46.3 m 2 /s2

(b) 40.1 m 2 /s2

31. 2.09833. 1.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 15 kg35. 1.0 ϫ 105 homes37. 4.0 ϫ 101 Pa39. 0.14 kg/s41. 1.34 ϫ 10Ϫ 7 kg43. (a) 5.00 ϫ 10Ϫ 13 kg/s

(b) 5.8 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 kg/m3

45. 2.3 ϫ 106 s47. 2.5 ϫ 1021





49. (a) 2.1 s(b) 1.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 s

51. 3.9 ϫ 105 J53. 2.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 10 m55. 2820 m57. 6.19 ϫ 105 Pa

C H A P T E R 1 51. (a) Ϫ 87 J

(b) ϩ 87 J3. (a) ϩ 1.6 ϫ 104 J

(b) Ϫ 4.2 ϫ 104 J(c) Ϫ 2.6 ϫ 104 J

5. 32 miles7. 0 J, adiabatic9. 1.2 ϫ 107 Pa

11. (a) 3.0 ϫ 103 J(b) by the system, positive

13. 3.0 ϫ 105 Pa15. The answer is a proof.17. 4.99 ϫ 10Ϫ 6

19. (a) Ϫ 2.1 ϫ 102 K(b) decrease

21. 0.6623. 1.8125. (a) Ϫ 8.00 ϫ 104 J

(b) Heat ows out of the gas.27. 8.49 ϫ 105 Pa29. (a) 327 K

(b) 0.132 m 3

31. (a) 1.1 ϫ 104 J(b) 1.8 ϫ 104 J

33. 5/235. 2400 J37. 44.3 s39. 2.38 ϫ 104 J41. 0.63143. (a) 8600 J

(b) 3100 J45. (a) 5/9

(b) 1/347. 256 K49. (a) 1260 K

(b) 1.74 ϫ 104 J51. lowering the temperature of the

cold reservoir53. (a) 0.360

(b) 1.3 ϫ 1013 J55. 5.7 C°57. 1359. 5.86 ϫ 105 J61. (a) 1050 J

(b) 2.9963. 1.4 K65. (a) 2.0 ϫ 101

(b) 1.5 ϫ 104 J67. 1.26 ϫ 103 K69. 267 K71. (a) reversible

(b) Ϫ 125 J/K73. (a) ϩ 8.0 ϫ 102 J/K

(b) The entropy of the universeshould increase.

75. (a) 0 J(b) Ϫ 6.1 ϫ 103 J(c) 310 K

77. 0.24 m79. (a) ϩ 3.68 ϫ 103 J/K

(b) ϩ 1.82 ϫ 104 J/K(c) The vaporization process creates

more disorder.81. 9.0383. (a) 3100 J

(b) negative85. (a) 60.0%

(b) 40.0%87. 19.389. 7.5 s91. e ϭ e1 ϩ e2 Ϫ e1e2

C H A P T E R 1 6

1. 5.50 ϫ 1014 Hz3. 0.49 m5. 0.25 m

7. 8.19 ϫ 10Ϫ

2 m9. 5.0 ϫ 101 s

11. (a) 1.1 m/s(b) 6.55 m

13. 8.68 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 kg/m15. 0.17 s17. 7.7 m/s 2

19. 153 N21. 3.26 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 s23. y ϭ (0.35 m) sin [(88 rad/s) t Ϫ (17 m Ϫ 1) x ]25. y ϭ (0.37 m) sin (2.6 t ϩ 0.22 x )27. 2.5 N29. 1730 m/s31. (a) 7.87 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 s

(b) 4.1233. (a) 431 m/s

(b) 322 m/s35. 690 rad/s37. (a) metal wave rst, water wave second,

air wave third(b) Second sound arrives 0.059 s later,

and third sound arrives 0.339 s later.39. 650 m41. tungsten43. 8.0 ϫ 102 m/s45. 57% argon, 43% neon47. 0.404 m49. 6.5 W51. 2.4 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 W/m2

53. 1.98%55. 7.6 ϫ 103 W/m2

57. 2.6 s59. 2561. 100063. (a) 7.4 dB

(b) No65. 77.0 dB67. 0.84 s

69. 2.39 dB71. 3.4 m/s73. 56 m/s75. 1350 Hz77. 22 m/s79. (a) 1570 Hz

(b) 1590 Hz81. 0.316 W/m 2

83. 2.0685. 64 N87. 1.389. 78 cm91. 860 Hz93. Ϫ 6.0 dB95. 2.697. m1 ϭ 28.7 kg, m2 ϭ 14.3 kg99. (a) 2.20 ϫ 102 m/s

(b) 9.19 m/s101. 239 m/s

C H A P T E R 1 7

1. The answer is a series of drawings.3. (a) 2 cm

(b) 1 cm5. 5.06 m7. 3.89 m9. 3.90 m, 1.55 m, 6.25 m

11. (a) 44°(b) 0.10 m

13. (a) 5.1°(b) 63°

15. 3.7°17. 8 Hz19. 445 Hz21. 8 Hz23. 171 N25. 1.95 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 s27. 3.93 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 kg/m29. (a) 180 m/s

(b) 1.2 m(c) 150 Hz

31. 0.077 m33. 12 Hz35. 0.50 m37. 0.35 m39. (a) 3

(b) 0.57 m41. 6.1 m43. 1.68 ϫ 105 Pa45. 2.4 m/s47. 107 Hz49. (a) f 2 ϭ 800 Hz, f 3 ϭ 1200 Hz,

f 4 ϭ 1600 Hz(b) f 2 ϭ 800 Hz, f 3 ϭ 1200 Hz,

f 4 ϭ 1600 Hz(c) f 3 ϭ 1200 Hz, f 5 ϭ 2000 Hz,

f 7 ϭ 2800 Hz51. 1.10 ϫ 102 Hz53. (a) destructive interference

(b) constructive interference55. 20.8° and 53.1°




A-16 | A N S W ER S TO O D D - N U M BE R E D P R O B L E M S

9. 339 V11. 2.413. Ϫ 4.35 ϫ 10Ϫ 18 J15. Ϫ 4.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 J17. A distance to the left of the negative

charge and a distance d to the right of thenegative charge.

19. 0.0342 m21. 1.53 ϫ 10Ϫ 14 m23. Ϫ 0.746 J25. (a)

(b) q3 ϭ Ϫ 2q27. 3.5 ϫ 104 V29. 1.1 m31. ϩ 9.0 ϫ 103 V33. (a) 179 V

(b) 143 V(c) 155 V

35. 0.213 J37. (a) 1.3 ϫ 10Ϫ 12 C

(b) 8.1 ϫ 106

39. (a) 33 J(b) 8500 W

41. 5.343. 52 V45. 1.3 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 C47. The answer is a proof.49. Ϫ 4.05 ϫ 104 V51. 1.1 ϫ 103 V53. 7.0 ϫ 1013

55. 4.2 ϫ 103 V/m, directed from A toward B57. 1.2 ϫ 10Ϫ 8 J59. 2.77 ϫ 106 m/s

C H A P T E R 2 0

1. 3.5 ϫ 104 A3. 1.3 ϫ 106 J5. 22 A7. 6.2 ϫ 104 J9. (a) 4.7 ϫ 1013

(b) 17 C°11. 9.9 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 m13. 1.6415. 37.8 °C17. 360 °C19. Ltungsten / Lcarbon ϭ 7021. 6.0 ϫ 102 W23. (a) 1300 W

(b) 480 W(c) 1.4

25. 8.9 h27. 250 °C29. 33 °C31. 1.77 A33. 21 V35. S11037. 2.0 h39. 3241. (a) 10.0 V

(b) 5.00 V43. (a) 145

(b) 74 V

q3 ϭ Ϫ23 q

13 d

45. (a) 1.2(b) 110 V

47. (a) 35(b) 5.0 ϫ 101

49. 5.351. 19053. (a) 4.57 A

(b) 1450 W55. (a) 3.6(b) 33 A, the breaker will open

57. 3.58 ϫ 10Ϫ 8 m2

59. 9.2 A61. 4.663. 2565. (a) 0.750 A

(b) 2.11 A67. 3069. 0.05471. 24.0 V73. 33 A75. (a) 0.38 A

(b) 2.0 ϫ 101 V(c) B

77. 0.75 V; left end79. 0.94 V; D81. 0.083583. 5.01 A85. (a) 30.0 V

(b) 28.1 V87. 2.0 F89. 1.5491. The answer is a proof.93. 11 V95. 4.1 ϫ 10Ϫ 7 F97. 1.2 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 s99. 0.29 s

101. 1.7 F103. 82105. Ϫ 34.6 °C107. 0.450109. 6.00 , 0.545 , 3.67 , 2.75 ,

2.20 , 1.50 , 1.33 , 0.833111. (a) 15.5 V

(b) 14.2 W113. 189115. C0

C H A P T E R 2 1

1. 4.1 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 m/s3. 3.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 12 N5. (a) 5.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 N

(b) 1.1 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 N(c) 5.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 N

7. 19.7°9. (a) due south

(b) 2.55 ϫ 1014 m/s2

11. (a) negative(b) 2.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 kg

13. (a) 7.2 ϫ 106 m/s(b) 3.5 ϫ 10Ϫ 13 N

15. 0.0904 m17. 1.63 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m

C H A P T E R 1 8

1. 1.5 ϫ 1013 electrons3. Ϫ 1.6 C5. (a) ϩ 1.5q

(b) ϩ 4q(c) ϩ 4q

7. 120 N9. (a) 0.83 N

(b) attractive11. 0.38 N, 49° below the Ϫ x axis13. (a) 4.56 ϫ 10Ϫ 8 C

(b) 3.25 ϫ 10Ϫ 6 kg15. 3.8 ϫ 1012

17. (a) ϩ 0.166 N (directed along the ϩ y axis)(b) ϩ 111 m/s 2 (directed along the ϩ y axis)

19. 92.0 N/m21. 3.5 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 C23. (a) 15.4°

(b) 0.813 N25. The answer is a drawing.27. 6.5 ϫ 103 N/C, directed downward29. (a) 3.0 m

(b) 0 N

31. (a)Ϫ

6.2ϫ

107

N/C (directed along theϪ x axis)

(b) ϩ 2.9 ϫ 108 N/C (directed along theϩ x axis)

33. (a) positive(b) 2.53 ϫ 107 protons

35. 5.53 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m37. 2.2 ϫ 105 N/C, directed along the Ϫ x

axis39. ͉ q1 ͉ ϭ 0.716 q, ͉ q2 ͉ ϭ 0.0895 q41. 0.57743. 3.25 ϫ 10Ϫ 8 C45. 61°47. (a) 350 N иm2 /C

(b) 460 N иm2 /C49. 1.8 ϫ 103 N иm2 /C

51. The answer is a proof.53. (a) The ux through the face in the x , z

plane at y ϭ 0 m is Ϫ 6.0 ϫ 101

N иm2 /C. The ux through the face par-allel to the x , z plane at y ϭ 0.20 m isϩ 6.0 ϫ 101 Nиm2 /C. The ux througheach of the remaining four faces iszero.

(b) 0 N иm2 /C55. 1.8 N due east57. Ϫ q on interior surface and ϩ 3q on

exterior surface59. 1.3 m61. (a) both positive or both negative

(b) 1.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 16 C63. 3.9 ϫ 106 N/C, direction is in ϩ y direction65. 35 N/C67. Ϫ 3.3 ϫ 10Ϫ 6 C

C H A P T E R 1 9

1. 1.1 ϫ 10Ϫ 20 J3. 8.0 ϫ 102 eV5. 67 hp7. 9.4 ϫ 107 m/s





29. (a) left to right(b) right to left

31. (a) clockwise(b) clockwise

33. There is no induced current.35. 0.150 m37. 0.30 T39. 3.0 ϫ 105

41. 102 V43. (a) 9.59

(b) 95 V(c) 8.9 A

45. 1.5 ϫ 109 J47. 1.4 V49. 1.6 A51. 2.80 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 H53. M ϭ 0 N 1 N 2 R2

2 /(2 R1)55. 1.0 ϫ 101 W57. step-down transformer, 1 ͞ 1259. (a) 7.0 ϫ 105 W

(b) 7.0 ϫ 101 W61. The answer is a proof.63. (a) 2.4 Hz

(b) 15 rad/s(c) 0.62 T65. (Figure 22.1 b) right to left; (Figure 22.1 c)

left to right67. 12 V69. 0.050 V71. (a) 3.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 V

(b) 2.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 m2 /s, area must be shrunk 73. 2100 rad/s

C H A P T E R 2 3

1. 1.9 V3. 2.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 6 F5. (a) 2.00 F

(b) 0.77 A7. 3/29. 8.0 ϫ 101 Hz

11. 0.44 A13. (a) 1.11 ϫ 104 Hz

(b) 6.83 ϫ 10Ϫ 9 F(c) 6.30 ϫ 103

(d) 7.00 ϫ 102

15. 83.9 V17. 38 V19. (a) 0.925 A

(b 31.8°21. 270 Hz23. (a) 29.0 V

(b) Ϫ 0.263 A25. 0.651 W27. 3.1 kHz29. (a) 352 Hz

(b) 15.5 A31. 2.8 kHz33. 835. 0.70737. 5.00 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 s39. (a) 10.7 V

(b) Ϫ 29.8°41. 176 mH

43. (a) 2.94 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 H(b) 4.84(c) 0.163

45. (a)

(b)

C H A P T E R 2 4

1. (a) 1.28 s(b) 1.9 ϫ 102 s3. 4.1 ϫ 1016 m5. The answers are in graphical form.7. 11.118 m9. 1.25 m

11. 3.7 ϫ 104

13. 1.5 ϫ 1010 Hz15. 1.3 ϫ 106 m17. 540 rev/s19. 8.75 ϫ 105

21. 3.8 ϫ 102 W/m2

23. 0.07 N/C25. 5.6 ϫ 109 J27. 6.25 ϫ 10Ϫ 9 J29. 4.44 ϫ 10Ϫ 10

31. (a) receding(b) 3.1 ϫ 106 m/s

33. (a) 6.175 ϫ 1014 Hz(b) 6.159 ϫ 1014 Hz

35. (a) 0.82(b) 0.18

37. 14 W/m 2

39. 2041. 1.4 ϫ 1017 Hz43. 1.5 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 H45. (a) 183 N/C

(b) 6.10 ϫ 10Ϫ 7 T47. 71.6°49. (a) 2.4 ϫ 109 Hz

(b) 0.063 m51. 920 W53. 5600 W

C H A P T E R 2 5

1. 10°3. Image 1: x ϭ Ϫ 2.0 m, y ϭ ϩ 1.0 m

Image 2: x ϭ ϩ 2.0 m, y ϭ Ϫ 1.0 mImage 3: x ϭ ϩ 2.0 m, y ϭ ϩ 1.0 m

5. 55°7. The walls are A (opposite the target),

B (opposite point P), and C (where thetarget is). Angle measures the directionof ring counterclockwise relative to theline through P and the bottom of wall C.The target is labeled T.

1 ϭ 11.3° (light travels PCAT) 2ϭ 31.0° (light travels PCABT)

3 ϭ 45.0° (light travels PT) 4 ϭ 71.6° (light travels PBT) 5 ϭ 135° (light travels PABT) 6 ϭ 162° (light travels PAT)

9. 33.7°11. (a) Image is 3.0 ϫ 101 cm behind mirror.

(b) Image is upright and has a height of 5.0 cm.

1/ √34/ √3

19. 140 V/m directed toward the bottomof the page

21. 0.16 T23. 8.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 s25. 9.6 ϫ 104 m/s27. 57.6°29. 0.96 N (top and bottom sides), 0 N

(left and right sides)31. 2.7 m33. (a) left to right

(b) 1.1 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m35. 14 A37. 2.2 A39. 0.023 N иm41. (a) 170 N иm

(b) increase43. 8.3 N45. 9.3 ϫ 10Ϫ 24 A иm2

47. 0.12 m49. 8.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 T51. 3.8 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 T53. 190 A55. 8.6 A. The current in the outer coil has an

opposite direction relative to that in theinner coil.57. 1.04 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 T59. I 3 is directed out of the paper and I 3 / I ϭ 2.61. The answer is a proof.63. The answer is a proof.65. 1.9 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 N иm67. 0.062 m69. 75.1° and 105°71. 1.5 ϫ 10Ϫ 8 s73. (a) ϭ 0°

(b) 0.29 m75. 1.3 ϫ 10Ϫ 10 N, directed out of the page77. 1.2 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 A иm2

C H A P T E R 2 2

1. 0.065 V3. 150 m/s5. (Rod A) emf ϭ 0 V; (Rod B) emf ϭ 1.6 V

and end 2 is positive; (Rod C) emf ϭ 0V7. 250 m9. (a) 0.23 kg

(b) Ϫ 1.8 J(c) 1.8 J

11. (a) 7.3 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 Wb(b) 0 Wb(c) 4.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 3 Wb

13. 70.5°15. (Two triangular ends) 0 Wb; (Bottom sur-

face) 0 Wb; (1.2 m ϫ 0.30 m surface)0.090 Wb; (1.2 m ϫ 0.50 m surface)0.090 Wb

17. 1.5 m 2 /s19. 8.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 T21. (a) 0.38 V

(b) 0.43 m 2 /s23. 0.14 V25. 0.459 T27. 1.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 A




A-18 | A N S W E RS TO O D D - N U M BE R E D P R O B L E M S

13. (a) Image is 16.7 cm behind mirror.(b) Image is upright and has a height of

6.67 cm.15. 10.9 cm17. (a) d o ϭ ϩ 62 cm

(b) m ϭ ϩ 0.35(c) upright(d) smaller

19. (a) 290 cm(b) Ϫ 8.9 cm(c) upside down

21. (a) R(b) Ϫ 1(c) inverted

23. (a) convex(b) 24.0 cm

25. Ϫ 327. 80.0 cm toward the mirror29. (a) The answer is a proof.

(b) The answer is a proof.31. ϩ 22 cm33. (a) ϩ 46 cm

(b) 2.4

35. ϩ 74 cm37. ϩ 0.533 cm39. ϩ 42.0 cm41. 1.73

C H A P T E R 2 6

1. 2.00 ϫ 108 m/s3. 2.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 11 s5. 1.1987. 1.829. (a) 43°

(b) 31°11. 12.1 m13. 2.46 ϫ 108 m/s15. 1.65

17. The answer is a derivation.19. 1.19 mm21. 3.23 cm23. 1.5425. 1.5127. (a) 1.50

(b) 1.2729. 0.81331. 1.5233. 67.5°35. 25.0°37. The answer is a proof.39. 30.39°41. 0.35°43. (Red ray) 52.7°; (Violet ray) 56.2°45. 61.1 mm47. 2.849. (a) Ϫ 15 cm

(b) virtual51. (a) Ϫ 0.00625 m

(b) Ϫ 0.0271 m

53. (a) 4.52 ϫ 10Ϫ 4 m(b) 6.12 ϫ 10Ϫ 2 m

55. 48 cm57. ϩ 35 cm and ϩ 90.5 cm59. 0.13 m to the right of the second

lens61. 11.8 cm

63. (a) 4.00 cm to the left of the diverginglens(b) Ϫ 0.167(c) virtual(d) inverted(e) smaller

65. (a) 18.1 cm(b) real(c) inverted

67. (a) 35.2 cm(b) 32.9 cm

69. (Right eye) Ϫ 0.20 diopters; (Left eye)Ϫ 0.15 diopters

71. (a) converging(b) farsighted(c) 96.3 cm

73. 26.9 cm75. (a) 22.4 cm(b) 28.4 cm

77. 3.779. 13.7 cm81. 6.3 cm83. 0.81 cm85. 0.64 rad87. (a) Ϫ 30.0

(b) 4.27 cm(c) Ϫ 4.57

89. 1.1 m91. 0.261 cm93. (a) 1.3-diopter lens

(b) 0.86 m(c) Ϫ 8.5

95. (a) Ϫ 194(b) Ϫ 7.8 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 m(c) 1.94 ϫ 106 m

97. d iϭ 18 cm99. (a) B

(b) A101. Ϫ 220 cm103. (a) d i ϭ Ϫ 75 cm, m ϭ ϩ 2.5

(b) d i ϭ Ϫ 75.0 cm, m ϭ ϩ 2.50105. 1.92 ϫ 108 m/s107. Ϫ 9.2 m109. (a) 6.74 ϫ 10Ϫ 7 m2

(b) 7.86 ϫ 105 W/m2

111. (a) converging lens(b) 2 f (c) 2 f

113. (a) 11.8 cm(b) 47.8 cm

115. Ϫ 181117. (a) Ϫ 4.5 m

(b) 0.50 m

C H A P T E R 2 7

1. 660 nm3. (a) destructive interference

(b) 0.75 m and 3.25 m relative to one of the sources

5. 6.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 m7. 0.0248 m9. 487 nm

11. 1.30 ϫ 102 nm and 3.90 ϫ 102 nm13. 6.12 ϫ 10Ϫ 7 m15. 115 nm17. 427 nm19. (a) 0.21°

(b) 22°21. 0.576 m23. 490 nm25. 0.44727. 0.01329. (a) 3.53 m

(b) 2.15 m31. 0.0254 m33. 2.3 m35. 3.2 ϫ 103 m

37. 4.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 6

m39. 630 nm41. (a) 37°

(b) 22°43. (a) 7.9° (violet), 13° (red)

(b) 16° (violet), 26° (red)(c) 24° (violet), 41° (red)(d) The second and third orders overlap.

45. (a) 2(b) mB ϭ 4 and mA ϭ 2;

mB ϭ 6 and mA ϭ 347. constructive interference49. (a) 24°

(b) 39°51. 1.0 ϫ 104 m53. 5.1 s

55. 3/457. 1.95 m

C H A P T E R 2 8

1. 72 h3. 2.4 ϫ 108 m/s5. 2.28 s7. 169. 1.3

11. 530 m13. 4.0 light-years15. (a) 4.3 yr

(b) the twin traveling at 0.500 c17. (a) 5.1 ϫ 1015 kg иm/s

(b) 9.7 ϫ 1015 kg иm/s19. 1.0 m21. Ϫ 0.406 c23. (a) 1.0

(b) 6.625. (a) 6.7 ϫ 105 J

(b) 7.4 ϫ 10Ϫ 12 kg





27. 5.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 13 J29. 1.40 ϫ 10Ϫ 15 m31. ϩ 0.31 c

33. 42 m35. (a) 2.82 ϫ 108 m/s

(b) 1.8 ϫ 10Ϫ 16 kg и m/s37. 2.60 ϫ 108 m/s

39. 2.83ϫ

108

m/s41. Ϫ 2.0 m/s43. 3.0 m ϫ 1.3 m

C H A P T E R 2 9

1. 6.3 eV3. 7.7 ϫ 1029 photons/s5. 310 nm7. 1.26 eV9. 73 photons/s

11. (a) 7760 N/C(b) 2.59 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 T

13. (a) 1.0 ϫ 1013 Hz(b) infrared

15. 75°17. 4.755 ϫ 10Ϫ 24 kg и m/s19. 9.50 ϫ 10Ϫ 17 m21. 1.41 ϫ 103 m/s23. (a) 4.50 ϫ 10Ϫ 36 m/s

(b) 7.05 ϫ 1027 years25. 3.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 9 m27. 1.2 ϫ 10Ϫ 36 m29. 1.86 ϫ 104 V31. (a) 2.1 ϫ 10Ϫ 35 kg и m/s

(b) 4.7 ϫ 10Ϫ 34 m/s(c) 2.3 ϫ 10Ϫ 5 m/s

33. 4.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 6 m/s35. Ϫ 0.0144° Յ Յ ϩ 0.0144°37. 6.6 ϫ 10Ϫ 27 kg39. 7.77 ϫ 10Ϫ 13 J41. 7.38 ϫ 10Ϫ 11 m

43. 6.01ϫ

10Ϫ 11

m45. (a) 1.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 8 N(b) 5.0 ϫ 10Ϫ 9 N

C H A P T E R 3 0

1. (a) 6.2 ϫ 10Ϫ 31 m3

(b) 4 ϫ 10Ϫ 45 m3

(c) 7 ϫ 10Ϫ 13%3. 1.5 ϫ 1014

5. Ϫ 8.7 ϫ 10 6 eV7. 59. 2.38 ϫ 10Ϫ 10 m

11. 1.98 ϫ 10Ϫ 19 J13. Ϫ 13.6 eV, Ϫ 3.40 eV, Ϫ 1.51 eV15. n i ϭ 6 and n f ϭ 217. The answer is a proof.19. 2180 lines/cm21. Ϫ 0.378 eV23. 2,3, 4,and 525. Ϫ 0.544 eV, Ϫ 0.378 eV, Ϫ 0.278 eV27. 26.6°

29. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d 10 4p 3

31. n ᐉ mᐉ

m s

4 3 3 1/24 3 3 Ϫ 1/24 3 2 1/24 3 2 Ϫ 1/24 3 1 1/24 3 1 Ϫ 1/24 3 0 1/24 3 0 Ϫ 1/24 3 Ϫ 1 1/24 3 Ϫ 1 Ϫ 1/24 3 Ϫ 2 1/24 3 Ϫ 2 Ϫ 1/24 3 Ϫ 3 1/24 3 Ϫ 3 Ϫ 1/2

33. 7.230 ϫ 10Ϫ 11 m35. 6.83 ϫ 10Ϫ 11 m37. 21 600 V39. 1.9 ϫ 10 17

41. (a)1.25

ϫ

10Ϫ 4

J(b) 3.98 ϫ 1014

43. 21 days45. (a) 7458 nm

(b) 2279 nm(c) infrared region

47. (a) not permitted(b) permitted(c) not permitted(d) permitted(e) not permitted

49. 351. ± 3.16 ϫ 10Ϫ 34 J и s, ± 2.11 ϫ 10Ϫ 34 J и s,

± 1.05 ϫ 10Ϫ 34 J и s,0 J и s53. 6 Յ n i Յ 19

C H A P T E R 3 1

1. 83. (a) X ϭ platinum, Pt (117 neutrons)

(b) X ϭ sulfur, S (16 neutrons)(c) X ϭ copper, Cu (34 neutrons)(d) X ϭ boron, B (6 neutrons)(e) X ϭ plutonium, Pu (145 neutrons)

5. 35.27. tin,9. 9.4 ϫ 10 3 m

11. 2.9 ϫ 10 16 kg13. (a) 1.741 670 u

(b) 1622 MeV(c) 7.87 MeV/nucleon

15. 1.003 27 u

17.19. (a)

(b)21. (a)

(b) 23292U : 228

90Th ϩ 42He

21284Po : 208

82Pb ϩ 42He

158O : 15

7N ϩ 0ϩ 1e

189F : 18

8O ϩ 0ϩ 1e

3516S : 3517Cl ϩ 0Ϫ 1e

12050 Sn

23. 1.38 MeV25. 1.61 ϫ 10 7 m/s27. 1.82 MeV29. 3.66 days31. 19.933. 2.1 ϫ 10 13 Bq35. 8.00 days37. 3.7 ϫ 10 10 disintegrations/s39. 7.23 days41. 0.70%43. 90.9%45. 6900 yr, maximum error is 900 yr47. 7.90 MeV/nucleon49. 146 disintegrations/min51. (a) Ϫ

(b) ϩ

(c) (d) ␣

53. 4 782 969 electrons55. polonium,

C H A P T E R 3 21. 2.8 ϫ 10 Ϫ 3 J3. 1.6 ϫ 10 Ϫ 3 J5. 2.4 ϫ 10 4 rem7. 4.4 ϫ 10 11 sϪ 1

9. 9.2 ϫ 10 8

11.13. (a) proton,

(b) alpha particle,(c) lithium,(d) nitrogen,(e) manganese,

15. 13.6 MeV17. 2 neutrons19. 9.0 ϫ 10 Ϫ 4

21. 4123. 2.7 ϫ 10 6 kg25. 1.8 ϫ 10 4 kg/s27. 1200 kg29. 3.3 MeV31. 1.1 ϫ 10 Ϫ 4 kg33. released energy ϭ 24.7 MeV35. 815 MeV37. (a) The K Ϫ particle does not contain u , c ,

or t quarks.(b) The K Ϫ particle does not contain , ,

or antiquarks.39. (a) 1.9 ϫ 10Ϫ 20 kg и m/s

(b) 3.5 ϫ 10Ϫ 14 m41. possibility #1 ϭ u , d , s

possibility #2 ϭ u , d , b

possibility #3 ϭ u , s , b

43.45. 1.0 gal47. (a) 8.2 ϫ 10 10 J

(b) 0.48 g49. 32 eV

2010 Ne

b

sd

5625 Mn

147 N

63 Li

42He

11 H

ϩ 178 O : 12

6 C ϩ 42 He ϩ 1

0 n

21284Po





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Cutnell7e Appendix Answers to Problems