INTRODUCTION: Customs and traditions are vary from country to
another because each country has it's own customs and traditions. A
tradition is a belief which passed down within a society in the
past, and still maintained in the present. Common examples include
holidays, clothes,food, happy and sad occasions and also occasions
which related to the religion. this is also applied to social norms
such as greetings and the ways of welcoming guests. Traditions and
customs can last for thousands of years and still reserved while
new traditions continue to appear over the years.
Slide 3
Sudanese Hospitality: Many people are talking about the
kindness and hospitality that offered by Sudanese people. The
Sudanese people are very generous and hospitable. When guests come
to Sudanese homes they always welcome them in a friendly and
generous manner. They also make it their duty to entertain their
guests, and to make them comfortable. Sudanese people are well
known for their unique brand of hospitality both to Sudanese
friends as well as to any people who come to the Sudan from other
countries.
Slide 4
Slide 5
Every Sudanese of the family believes that it is his duty to
maintain into his children a sense of hospitality. Because those
children will be the parents of the future and they will influence
the values of our society. This practice has dominated Sudanese
lives and their ways of thinking. You can find people travelling to
distant places inside the Sudan without carrying any food with
them. Yet they are always sure of finding food and even a place to
stay. Whenever a Sudanese guest is present, either for business or
for social reasons, he will be presented with a drink and some
other refreshment such as small pieces of candy and cake or other
refreshments. And if someone asked a Sudanese person if he had such
a thing, he will simply offers it. Of course the ways of showing
hospitality are different from one area to another. But in all
areas the tradition of welcoming and looking after their guests is
the same.
Slide 6
Greeting: The customs of greeting upon two men meeting each
other is to shake hands and tap each others shoulder at the same
time. A hug and rubbing of cheeks may be exchanged between Sudanese
ladies and their friends.
Slide 7
Traditional clothing for Sudanese men: However, most individual
Sudanese wear either traditional or western clothes. A traditional
garb for men that worn in Sudan is the jalabiya, which is a loose-
fitting, long-sleeved and white colored with sirwal (loose pants)
and taqia(cap) and imma (a long turban) and markoob (leather shoe).
The jalabiya is accompanied by a large scarf worn by men shal, and
the garment may be white, colored, striped, and made of fabric
varying in thickness, depending on the season of the year and
personal preferences.
Slide 8
The taqia is a short and rounded cap. It can be any colour.
Some Sudanese Muslims wrap the imma (turban) around the cap.
Markoob is a traditional Sudanese shoe for men. It is made of
leather.
Slide 9
Traditional clothing for Sudanese women: Sudanese woman wears a
traditional thawb. "Thawb" means "garment" in Arabic, and the thawb
itself is the traditional clothes for Sudanese women. Thawb is a
long and wrapped around the body. And it has different colours and
textures.
Slide 10
Food in Daily Life: The day usually begins with a cup of tea.
Breakfast is eaten in the mid- to late morning, generally
consisting of beans, salad, and bread. Millet is the staple food in
some areas, and it is prepared in as a porridge called asida or
kisra. Vegetables are prepared in stews or salads. A dish of broad
beans ful is common in Sudan.
Slide 11
Nomads in the north rely on dairy products and meat from
camels. In general, meat is expensive and not often consumed. Sheep
are killed for feasts or to honour or a special guest. The
intestines, lungs, and liver of the animal are prepared with chilli
pepper in a special dish called marara. Sometimes cooking is done
in the courtyards outside the house on a tin grill called a kanoon,
which uses charcoal as fuel. Tea and coffee are both very popular
drinks. Coffee beans are fried, and then ground with cloves and
spices. Then the liquid is Poured into sieve and served in tiny
cups.
Slide 12
Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions: At the Eid al-Adha, the
Feast of the Great Sacrifice, it is customary to kill a sheep, and
to give part of the meat to people who cannot afford it themselves.
At Eid al_Adha Sudanese people prepare a large family meal of sheep
meet with chilli and other dishes.The Eid al-Fitr, or Breaking of
the Ramadan Fast is another joyous occasion, and it also involves a
large family meal. The birthday of the Prophet Muhammad is
primarily a children's holiday, celebrated with special desserts:
pink sugar dolls and sticky sweets made from nuts and sesame
seeds.
Slide 13
Sudanese henna: Henna is a beautiful Sudanese tradition. Henna
is a paste that is made from the leaves of the Henna bush. The
leaves are picked and made into a powder. Then water is added to
the powder until it gets pasty. The paste is put into a cone that
can be made of a sturdy plastic bag, and then it is used like a pen
to draw beautiful drawings on the hands or feet. It is left to dry,
then washed off.
Slide 14
Henna is a beautiful Sudanese tradition. Henna is a paste that
is made from the leaves of the Henna bush. The leaves are picked
and made into a powder. Then water is added to the powder until it
gets pasty. The paste is put into a cone that can be made of a
sturdy plastic bag, and then it is used like a pen to draw
beautiful drawings on the hands or feet. It is left to dry, then
washed off.
Slide 15
If you are careful, your henna can last for over three weeks
before fading away! Traditional designs are mostly of roses and
flowers. Theyre very popular and mostly done on the hands and
feet.
Slide 16
Men also use henna.They put it on their hands and feet for
their weddings! In the groom's "Henna party" right before the
wedding, his mother, sisters, and aunts get together, sit him on a
decorated bed, and put henna on his feet and his hands (not
drawing). Meanwhile, all his female relatives are singing and
dancing, and his brothers and guy friends all get one hand
"hennaed"! Henna has been used for over 5000 years in many
countries around the world to decorate women's hands and feet, and
especially married women and brides. Some make it light orange,
some make it red, but Sudanese like to make it BLACK and shiny
!
Slide 17
Wedding in Sudan: Wedding is one of the most important
occasions in Sudan. It reflects the culture and hospitality of the
Sudanese people. The arrangement of it begins before two months
when the bridegroom family comes to the bride family to give them
ALSHAILA which is a big group of clothes, creams and perfumes for
the bride. It also includes the money that called goltalkhair.
Slide 18
About two days before the wedding the bride invites her friends
for El Henna. On this day Al_hannana comes to decorate the hands
and legs of the bride with henna and also her girlfriends. Then
they dance and sing and spend a happy day together. That night the
groom also has his Henna night with his friends and relatives. The
groom doesn't decorate his legs, only his fingertips and bottom of
feet. This is done for him by his mother or one of his female
relatives. All his male friends do the same on their hands.
Slide 19
Slide 20
The wedding party "Al-Dukhla" takes place in houses, large
tents, in the streets or in clubs. The bride's family gets a singer
or DJ. There's a lot of music and dancing and a beautiful dinner is
served. Everyone is invited and everyone is happy. The bride wears
a white wedding gown and the groom wears a black tuxedo. On the
first day of the marriage, Al Subhia, the bride's mother invites
all the women of the family and the girlfriends of the bride. Only
certain men can attend the Subhiya : the bride's father, brothers,
uncles, and the groom. The bride dances three or four dances for
her audience, changing dresses for each dance. A woman sings and
drums on the "dallooka" songs that all the girls know, and they all
sing along, clap and have a great time! After she finishes dancing,
it's time for the final ritual called the "Jirtig". It has special
traditions, and a special red and yellow tray with pottery to put
the perfumes and bakhoor in.
Slide 21
The bride wears a red tobe and the bridegroom wears a white
jallabia with red and golden strips on it.
Slide 22
They sit on a bed with a beautiful decorated red and gold sheet
called milayat aljirtig. All the elder women around them. And one
of the older women comes and wishes the happy couple wealth, health
and the blessing of children upon them. She sings aladeel walzain
while perfuming them, and ties alhareera and "hilaal" around the
groom's head, and the "sibha" around his neck.
Slide 23
After that the groom cuts alrahat which is a robe that tied
around the bottom of the bride and there are some dates and sweets.
After cutting it the groom throws it into the single ladies. In
Sudanese traditions when a lady catches alrahat that means she will
marry soon. The groom gets up and sprays the audience with perfume.
Then the woman offers them a cup of milk. They both take a drink
and spray it over each other as a sign of love, peace and hope for
a clean, pure life together- pure as milk.ts tied on it.
Slide 24
Ramadan: Manifestations of the social and religious
celebrations in the Sudan are varied. Ramadan is one of the
religious customs in Sudan.it is the ninth month of the Islamic
calendar, which lasts 29 or 30 days. It is the Islamic month of
fasting, in which participating Muslims refrain from eating,
drinking and smoking. Villagers, who work in different Sudanese
towns and abroad, return to their villages ahead of Ramadan. Those
include employees, workers and also students. The mosques are
crowded with worshippers all the day.people have religious programs
throughout the day including Koran recitations between midday and
afternoon prayers.
Slide 25
Exhibitions of religious books are also displayed within the
mosque courtyard. Men and women throng apart to perform the
Taraweeh (the nightly prayers), which are performed only during
Ramadan. During the Taraweeh, one chapter of the 30 chapters is
recited; winding up the whole holy book by the end of Ramadan, and
each Taraweeh is concluded with invocations and poems on the
Prophet Mohammad.
Slide 26
The worshippers intensify their worshipping activities at the
last ten days of Ramadan. They remain in the mosque till dawn, in
the hope of witnessing Laylat al-Qadr (the night which God respond
the pray). The Program of Khalwah (a room where students are
secluded to memorize the Holy Koran) is run throughout the year,
including the fasting month of Ramadan, except that, during
Ramadan, the Koran students are distributed in groups to families
of the village to share the sunset breakfast.
Slide 27
Sudanese Good habits during Ramadan: Drinking Water: A
remarkable habit in the Sudanese villages during Ramadan is that
people get together in large numbers on the main streets for the
sunset breakfast; a group of the elders stand at the cross-roads to
insistently invite passersby to join in and they never allow
anybody to pass by without accepting the invitation to share the
breakfast. They even force the drivers to stop by placing stones on
the road minutes before the breakfast time and drivers will have no
alternative other than park and get down for the breakfast.
Slide 28
Carpets and prayer rugs are stretched for people to have
breakfast and perform prayers on after the meal. Usually, those
carpets are kept in a certain house and are taken out only during
Ramadan. Men and boys of neighbouring houses usually have the
sunset breakfast together. Well before the Azan (call for prayers)
the men sit down on the carpets while the young men bring in from
the houses trays full of a variety of delicious foods and juices
and immediately after the Azan, every one sits down to eat and
drink, starting with a date as a must like what Mohammad the
Prophet used to do, from the nearest tray, not necessarily the one
brought from his house, signifying solidarity and equality between
the poor and rich.
Slide 29
Ramadan Tray: Ramadan tray contains genuine Sudanese foods and
drinks, particularly asida (porridge made from sorghum), hilu-mur
(sweet-bitter, a drink made from sorghum and all kinds of spices)
and kerkede drink, aradaib,tabalde, lemon and various kinds of
fruit and juices. After eating dates and drinking, all worshippers
line up behind the imam to say sunset prayers and immediately after
that they all assault the trays to squash thirst and defeat
hunger.
Slide 30
Ramadan Food: Ramadan is regarded a return to the original
Sudanese kitchen and housewives call in their long experience and
prepare genuine delicious Sudanese dishes and foods, including
kisra which is made from sorghum, gurrasah which is made from wheat
flour, salads and other kinds of highly nutrient and delicious
foods.
Slide 31
AL-Eid: The Moslems have two Eids.The first one is Ramadan
Eid(Eid alfitr) and the second one is the Eid of Sacrifice, or the
Eid of Haj (Eid aladha). Eid alfitr: when The holy month of Ramadan
is about to finish families are preoccupied with preparations for
the Eid alfitr as was the case before the advent of Ramadan.
Slide 32
Sudanese like other Muslims across the globe they prepare for
the Eid, most gracious feast and beautiful in Islam. In the Eid The
markets and shops are full of people despite the increasing of
prices. people buy new clothes, bed sheets, redecorating their
houses, some event are replacing old furniture with new one, all
types of sweets, etc In the past, there used to be different types
and shapes of cakes. The traditional shapes like (soft cake,
biscuits, bidebford and alghariba), but today there are new shapes
and names of cakes. many women are frequenting beauty shops to come
out in their attractive look during the Eid days.
Slide 33
Eid aladha: Eid al_Adha the feast of the great sacrifice, it is
customary to kill a sheep, and to give a part of meat to people who
cannot afford it themselves. Al eid al-kabir (the greater aid) also
called Eid al- Adha is one of the two most important Islamic
festivals, Eid al-Adha begins on the 10th day of Dhu'l-Hijja, the
last month of the Islamic calendar. Lasting for three days, it
occurs at the conclusion of the annual Hajj, or pilgrimage to
Mecca. Muslims all over the world celebrate Eid al-Adha, not simply
those undertaking the hajj, which for most Muslims is a
once-a-lifetime occurrence.
Slide 34
Slide 35
OUR TEAM: Malaz Zakaria Sara Omer Rawia Mirghani Sara Osman
Solafa Ali