Curriculum Research

De La Salle University - Dasmariñas

CRITIQUINGTHE K-12 BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM

BASED ON TYLER’S QUESTIONS

A Final Output& Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Course

GREM 206 CURRICULUM ORGANIZATION & DEVELOPMENT

Submitted to: Albert E. Lupisan, EdD

Professor

Submitted by:Lolita R. VisitacionMAEd-Educ Mgmt.

September 28, 2013


INTRODUCTION:

Philippine education is moving forward with the Enhanced Basic

Education Act of 2013, according to the Department of Education (DepED). The

buzzword this year is the K to 12 Program which covers Kindergarten and 12

years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior

High School, and two years of Senior High School). In fact, the program has

been rolling since SY 2011-12 when the Universal Kindergarten began. The

enhanced curriculum for Grade 1 and Grade 7 (1st Year Junior High School) is

rolled out this school year and will be progressively introduced in the other grade

levels in succeeding school years. Grade 11 will be introduced in SY 2016-2017

and Grade 12 in SY 2017-2018. The first batch of high school students to go

through K to 12 will graduate in March 2018.

The current administration sees K to 12 as one of its legacies since

reforming the education system took 88 years before coming into fruition. It was

proposed in 1925 when Manuel L. Quezon was Senate President and Leonard

Wood was the Civil Governor.

On hindsight, there is a reason to celebrate since the Philippines is the

last country in Asia, and one of only three countries worldwide (together with

Angola and Djibouti), with a 10-year pre-university cycle.

One of the major reforms in basic education is the addition of Senior High

School or Grades 11 and 12. It is the two years of specialized upper secondary

education “students may choose as specialization based on attitude, interests,

and school capacity.”

Sen. Edgardo J. Angara in his article on Sunday Bulletin “Global

Competitiveness: Sustaining the rise said, government has already undertaken

key reforms to rectify our educational system’s persistent inability to produce


fresh Science and Technology talent. Changes under K-12 Enhanced Basic

Education Program include a new curriculum aimed at generating a deeper

appreciation, not rote memorization, of key scientific concepts. Biology,

Chemistry, Physics, and other natural sciences will now be taught every year of

high school instead of separately. Our experts hope that with such a “spiral”

approach, students will be better able to grasp not just pieces of information but

underlying scientific principles. Like most other , countries

A good education is no longer just a pathway to opportunity, it is a pre-

requisite. – President Barack Obama.

...This modest and almost rudimentary education would be enough to

awaken in the pupils ideas of education and progress... La Instruccion by Jose Rizal.


What is the Purpose of the K-12 program? (objective)

Streamline the curriculum to improve mastery of basic

competencies.

To enhance the curriculum of the Enhanced K to 12 Basic Education To

Program as the central focus. The curriculum enhancement will be

designed in line with the desired competencies and skills of a K-12 graduate. The

Department of Education will constitute a body to review the basic education

curriculum and detail the implementation plan.

Ensure seamlessness of primary, secondary, and post-secondary

education.

To develop tracks based on different competencies and and/or student

interest as an integral component of the program. Basic education program

should develop tracks based on competencies to meet the countries varied

human capital requirements, and to prepare students for productive endeavour.

The SHS Curriculum will offer areas of specialization or electives.

Improve teaching and learning outcomes through the use of

enhanced pedagogies.


Enhance the basic education curriculum being undertaken hand in hand

with vigorous efforts to ensure adequacy of inputs as part of the bigger basic

education reform, expanding the education program (additional years of

schooling will be pursued mindful of the need to address the input shortages –

teachers, classrooms, desks, water and sanitation, and quality textbook. DepEd

already included a provision for substantial physical requirements for 2011 and is

looking to introduce in subsequent years a budget that will constitute a significant

increase not just in nominal terms but in real terms.

To alter change in two-fold: Curriculum Enhancement and Transition

Management.

The intention of K-12 is not merely to add two years of schooling but more

importantly, to enhance the basic education curriculum. Expand job opportunities

for both graduates and school leavers alike by reducing the mismatch between

acquired skills and available jobs, and provide stronger foundation for higher

learning.

According to the age map, Senior High is composed of 16-17 years old

students. The seven Learning Areas under the Core Curriculum are Languages,

Literature, Communication, Mathematics, Philosophy, Natural Sciences, and

Social Sciences.

Senior High students will choose among three tracks: Academic:

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic track


includes three strands: Business, Accountancy, Management; Humanities,

Education, Social Sciences (HESS); and Science, Technology, Engineering,

Mathematics.

In October 2011, a group called the Technical Panel on General

Education (TPGE) submitted a report on the College Readiness Standards

(CRS). The standards cover the following subject areas: Science (Chemistry,

Physics, Biology, and Earth Science); Mathematics (including Statistics); English;

Filipino; Literature; Humanities; and, Social Studies. The Subject areas were

divided into two aspects: Content and Performance.

Among the five members of the TPGE, Dr. Isagani R. Cruz took charge of

the standards for English, Filipino, and Literature. Dr. Cruz, a former

undersecretary of Education, stressed on significant points in the CRS document.

In the Content part of the subject area of Filipino, he said that, “after 12 years of

pre-university education, a student wishing to enter college should know” among

others: the number of languages in the Philippines; the 10 major languages of

the Philippines; and the different levels of discourse in Filipino. After graduating

from Senior High, a student is required to know “the general concepts in the

linguistic and metalinguistic study of Filipino, such as language, dialect, idiolect,

variety, variation, register, domain, and repertoire.”


1. How can these experiences be effectively organized? (Methods)

2. How can we determine when the purposes are met? (Evaluation)

A. Creation of Task Force. To jumpstart the program, a task force

Will be refine and detail the k-12 implementation model. The Task Force will be

chaired by DepEd.

B. Stakeholder Consultations. Regional consultations leading to

A national summit on enhanced Basic Education will be conducted to solicit

inputs and feedback on the proposed model. Consultations will cover all

stakeholders (PTAs, Public and Private Elementary, and High School,

Legislators, Government Agencies, Business Sector, Education Experts, Teacher

Associations, Students and Education Associations) and all regions.

C. Financial Study. In parallel, a study will be undertaken to

The financial implications (government, implied costs to households and private

education) and the options for the financing of the K-12 Basic Education model

that will be adopted.

D. Curriculum Review and Enhancement. This will start with the

Development, validation, and nationwide implementation of the Enhance Basic

Curriculum for grade I and high school I. Senior High School curriculum shall be


developed and validated, along with the development of appropriate learning

resources.

E. Teacher Training. The training of Grade I and High School I

Teachers using the Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum have already started

last SY 2011.

F. Legislation. DepEd will work for the passage of all necessary

And related legislations on the K-12 Basic Education Program.

G. K-12 Information, Education and Communication. All

Stakeholders shall be consulted. A massive public information campaign based

on the 12 year design model and implementation scheme will be implemented.

From the aforementioned view of the proposed k-12 education system.

More specifically, this study will seek to answer the following problems:

1. What is the profile of the respondents according to:

1.1 gender

1.2 age

1.3 status


1.4 educational attainment

1.5 present position

1.6 years in the present position

2. What is the level of beliefs of the respondents on employee’s

commitment?

3. Are there significant differences in the level of beliefs on employee’s

commitment when the respondents are grouped according to gender,

status, age, educational attainment, present position and years in the

service within the supervision of the present principal?

Significance of the Study

The results of the study would prove beneficial to the following:


Definition of terms

For the purpose of clarity, the following terms are herby defined to have a

better understanding of the study.

Below is a description of the leadership and commitment terms that were used in

this research:


Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains the information about reading that was

gathered by the researcher from books, journals, unpublished materials

and other sources. The information presented provided the researcher

with deeper insight about the topic under study.

Conceptual Literature


Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method to be used in undertaking this study. It

also includes the main data-gathering instrument, the respondents and the

statistical tools that will be used in interpreting data gathering.

Research Method

This study will use the descriptive method of research where

survey questionnaires will be used in the study. The data will be interpreted with

the use of mean, percentage and ranking.

Population and Sampling

There are 97 Teachers in Pintong Gubat Elementary School

during 2013-2014. Complete enumeration or 100% will be the respondents of

the study.

Research Instruments

A survey questionnaire was used in this study. It was adopted from the

questionnaire of Bass & Avolio (1995). It covers the Employee Opinion Survey

using a 5-pointLikert scale; each belief will be assessed and scored from 1,2,3,4

and 5 depending of the belief of the respondents on employee’s commitment.

The scores will be gauged on the following arbitrary scale.


Data Gathering Procedure

The following steps will be taken up:

1. The researchers requested permission from the Schools Division

Superintendent to conduct the study in the said school.

2. After obtaining permission from the Schools Division Superintendent, this

will be forwarded to the District Supervisor who will endorsed the request

to the school principal concerned.

3. After the endorsement, the researchers will administer the survey test to

the 97 teachers find out their beliefs on employee’s commitment.

4. After determining their beliefs on employee’s commitment , the

researchers then will proceed for the an appropriate intervention program

and information to improve working environment of teachers that can be

used in the whole school.

Statistical Treatment of Data

StronglyDisagree

Disagree Neither Agree Nor Disagree

Agree StronglyAgree

1 2 3 4 5

1.00-1.49 1.50-2.49 2.50-3.49 3.50-4.49 4.50-5.00


The following descriptive measures will be used:

1. Percentage

This statistical treatment was used to apportion the degree of the belief

on employee’s commitment of the respondents

2. Mean

This statistical tool was used to determine the respondents’ degree of

belief.


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