CURRICULUM FOR BACHELOR’S PROGRAMME IN PHYSICS

BSc Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College ( Autonomous) , Ernakulam

Curriculum & Syllabus – 2014 admission Page 1

ST. TERESA’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)

ERNAKULAM

CURRICULUM FOR BACHELOR’S PROGRAMME IN

PHYSICS

Under Choice Based Credit & Semester System (2014 Admission as prescribed by Mahatma Gandhi

University)



REGULATIONS FOR UNDER GRADUATE PROGRAMMES UNDER

CHOICE BASED COURSE-CREDIT-SEMESTER SYSTEM AND GRADING,

2014.

Preamble

The committee of experts constituted by the Kerala State Higher Education Council

headed by Prof. B Hridayakumari, to study and make recommendations for the

improvement of the working of the Choice Based Credit and Semester System in

colleges affiliated to the Universities in the State had submitted a comprehensive

report. After reviewing the entire scenario this committee recommended to the

Higher Education Council that CBCSS may be maintained with some basic reforms.

The old system was lacking in innovativeness and in the capacity to come to grips

with fast changing global conditions. A few changes in the course and examination

pattern may improve the situation to some extent. The Performance Grading of the

learner shall be on the Seven Point Grading System. The absolute grading system of

07 points is the most popular grading system and has been accepted by the UNESCO,

the Committee suggested that the overall structure of the 07 point grading system

may be considered by all affiliating Universities of the State. It should be a simple

and clear method; easy for the teacher to operate and the student to understand.

There should be a clear distinction between letter grades so that the assessment is as

precise as possible and just to the student. If necessary for the final grading at the

end of the programme proper software could be devised to ensure exactitude as well

as speed of evaluation. Teachers should use the marking system for each question for

each course. Cumulative Grading will be done during the preparation of the final

mark list of the programme. It is not claimed that the Seven Point Range Indirect

Grading is the last word in grading, but it is a well thought out pattern for all the

affiliating Universities to consider, within the limits of the present system. The State

Government has accepted the recommendations of the Committee and the Syndicate

of the Mahatma Gandhi University has resolved to reform the existing CBCSS

regulations. Hence it becomes necessary to modify the existing CBCSS regulation as

following.



1. TITLE

1.1. These regulations shall be called “Regulations for Under Graduate

Programmes under Choice Based Course Credit Semester System and

Grading, 2013”

2. SCOPE

2.1 Applicable to all regular non-professional Under Graduate Programmes

conducted by the University with effect from 2013-14 admissions .

2.2 The courses conducted in distance/off-campus and private registration shall

not come under the purview of this regulation.

2.3 The provisions herein supersede all the existing regulations for the regular

non- professional undergraduate programmes to the extent herein prescribed.

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1.‘Academic Week’ is a unit of five working days in which distribution of work is organized from day-one today-five, with five contact hours of one hour duration on each day. A sequence of 18 such academic weeks constitutes a semester.

3.2.‘Additional Course’ is a course registered by a student over and above the minimum required courses.

3.3.‘Audit Course’ is a course for which no credits are awarded.

3.4.‘College Co-ordinator’ is a teacher nominated by the College Council to co-ordinate the continuous evaluation undertaken by various departments within the college. He/she shall be nominated to the college level monitoring committee.

3.5.‘Common Course I’ means a course that comes under the category of courses for English and ‘Common Course II’ means additional language, a selection of both is compulsory for all students undergoing undergraduate programmes.

3.6.‘Complementary Course’ means a course which would enrich the study of core courses.

3.7.‘Core course’ means a course in the subject of specialization within a degree programme.

3.8.‘Course’ means a complete unit of learning which will be taught and evaluated within a semester.

3.9.‘Credit’ is the numerical value assigned to a course according to the relative importance of the content of the syllabus of the programme.

3.10. ‘Department’ means any teaching department in a college.



3.11. ‘Department Co-ordinator’ is a teacher nominated by a Department Council to co-ordinate the continuous evaluation undertaken in that department.

3.12. ‘Department Council’ means the body of all teachers of a department in a college.

3.13. ‘Faculty Advisor’ means a teacher from the parent department nominated by the Department Council, who will advise the student in the choice of his/her courses and other academic matters.

3.14. Grace Marks shall be awarded to candidates as per the University Orders issued from time to time.

3.15. ‘Grade’ means a letter symbol (e.g., A, B, C, etc.), which indicates the broad level of performance of a student in a course/ semester/programme.

3.16. ‘Grade point’ (GP) is the numerical indicator of the percentage of marks awarded to a student in a course.

3.17. ‘Open course’ means a course outside the field of his/her specialization, which can be opted by a student.

3.18. ‘Parent Department’ means the department which offers core courses within a degree programme.

3.19. ‘Programme’ means a three/four year programme of study and examinations spread over six/eight semesters, according to the regulations of the respective programme, the successful completion of which would lead to the award of a degree

3.20. ‘Semester’ means a term consisting of a minimum of 450 contact hours distributed over 90 working days, inclusive of examination days, within 18 five-day academic weeks.

3.21. Words and expressions used and not defined in this regulation shall have the same meaning assigned to them in the Act and Statutes

4. ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION, AND RESERVATION OF SEATS

4.1. Eligibility of admission, Norms for admission, reservation of seats for

various Degree Programmes shall be according to the rules framed by the

University from time to time.

5. DURATION

5.1 The duration of U.G. programmes shall be 6/8 semesters (the semesters

defined under 3.20, above).

5.2 The duration of odd semesters shall be from June to October and that of

even semesters from November to March. There shall be three days

semester break after odd semesters and two months vacation during April

and May in every academic year.



5.3 A student may be permitted to complete the Programme, on valid reasons,

within a period of 12/16 continuous semesters from the date of

commencement of the first semester of the programme.

6. REGISTRATION

6.1 The strength of students for each course shall remain as per existing

regulations, except in case of open courses for which there shall be a

minimum of 15 and maximum of 75 students per batch, subject to a

marginal increase of 10.

6.2 Each student shall register for the courses in the prescribed registration

form in consultation with the Faculty Advisor within two weeks from the

commencement of each semester. Faculty Adviser shall permit registration

on the basis of the preferences of the student and availability of seats.

6.3 The number of courses/credits that a student can take in a semester is

governed by the provisions in these regulations pertaining to the minimum

and maximum number of credits permitted.

6.4 A student can opt out of a course/courses registered subject to the

minimum credits requirement, within seven days from the commencement

of the semester.

6.5 The college shall send a list of students registered for each programme in

each semester giving the details of courses registered including repeat

courses to the University in the prescribed form within 20 days from the

commencement of the Semester.

6.6 Those students who possess the required minimum attendance and progress

during an academic year/semester and could not register for the

annual/semester examination are permitted to apply for Notional

Registration to the examinations concerned enabling them to get promoted

to the next class.

7. SCHEME AND SYLLABUS

7.1. The U.G. programmes shall include (a) Common courses I & II, (b) Core

courses, (c) Complementary Courses, (d) Open Course.

7.2. Credit Transfer and Accumulation system can be adopted in the

programme. Transfer of Credit consists of acknowledging, recognizing and

accepting credits by an institution for programmes or courses completed at

another institution. The Credit Transfer Scheme shall allow students

pursuing a programme in one University to continue their education in

another University without break.



8. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

There shall be a maximum of three credits for the open course and remaining one credit should be shifted to choice based course or any other core course.

a Programme Duration 6 Semesters

b Total Credits required for successful completion of the programme

120

c Minimum credits required from common courses

38

d Minimum credits required from Core + complementary + vocational* courses including Project

79

e Minimum credits required from Open course 3

f Minimum attendance required 75%

*The credit distribution for vocational courses is to be decided separately.

9. EXAMINATIONS.

9.1 The evaluation of each course shall contain two parts:

(i) Internal or In-Semester Assessment (ISA) (ii) External or End-Semester Assessment (ESA The internal to external assessment ratio shall be 1:4, for both courses with

or without practical. There shall be a maximum of 80 marks for external

evaluation and maximum of 20 marks for internal evaluation. For all courses

(theory & practical), grades are given on a 07-point scale based on the total

percentage of marks. (ISA+ESA) as given below

Percentage of

Marks

Grade Grade

Point

90 and above A+ - Outstanding 10

80-89 A - Excellent 9

70-79 B - Very Good 8

60-69 C - Good 7

50-59 D - Satisfactory 6

40-49 E - Adequate 5

Below 40 F - Failure 4

Note: Decimal are to be rounded to the next whole number



10. CREDIT POINT AND CREDIT POINT AVERAGE

Credit Point (CP) of a course is calculated using the formula

CP = C x GP, where C = Credit; GP = Grade point

Credit Point Average (CPA) of a Semester/Programme is calculated using the

formula

CPA = TCP/TC, where TCP = Total Credit Point; TC = Total Credit

Grades for the different semesters and overall programme are given based on

the corresponding CPA as shown below:

CPA Grade

Above 9 A+ - Outstanding

Above 8, but below or equal to 9 A - Excellent

Above 7, but below or equal to 8 B -Very Good

Above 6, but below or equal to 7 C - Good

Above 5, but below or equal to 6 D - Satisfactory

Above 4, but below or equal to 5 E - Adequate

4 or below F - Failure

Note: A separate minimum of 30% marks each for internal and external (for both

theory and practical) and aggregate minimum of 40% are required for a pass for a

course. For a pass in a programme, a separate minimum of Grade E is required for

all the individual courses. If a candidate secures F Grade for any one of the courses

offered in a Semester/Programme only F grade will be awarded for that

Semester/Programme until he/she improves this to E grade or above within the

permitted period. Candidate who secures E grade and above will be eligible for

higher studies.

11. MARKS DISTRIBUTION FOR EXTERNAL EXAMINATION AND

INTERNAL EVALUATION

The external examination of all semesters shall be conducted by the College at

the end of each semester. Internal evaluation is to be done by continuous



assessment. Marks distribution for external and internal assessments and the

components for internal evaluation with their marks are shown below:

Components of the internal evaluation and their marks are as below.

11.1 For all courses without practical

a) Marks of external Examination : 80

b) Marks of internal evaluation : 20

All the three components of the internal assessment are mandatory. For

common course English in I Semester, internal oral examination shall be

conducted instead of test paper.

Components of Internal

Evaluation MARKS

Attendance 5

Assignment /Seminar/Viva 5

Test paper(s) (1 or 2)

(1x10=10; 2x5=10) 10

Total 20

11.2 For all courses with practical

a) Marks of theory –External Examination : 60

b) Marks of theory –Internal Evaluation : 10

Components of Theory –

Internal Evaluation

Marks

Attendance 3

Assignment/Seminar/Viva 2

Test paper(s) ( TI and T2)

( + )

5

Total 10

c) Marks of Practical –External Examination: 40



d) Marks of Practical- Internal Evaluation: 20

(odd and even semesters combined annually)

Components of Practical-

Internal evaluation

Marks

Attendance 4

Record* 10

Lab involvement 6

Total 20

*Marks awarded for Record should be related to number

of experiments recorded.

11.3 Project Evaluation: (Max. marks100)

Components of Project-Evaluation Marks

Internal Evaluation 20

Dissertation (External) 50

Viva-Voce (External) 30

Total 100

12. Attendance Evaluation

1) For all courses without practical

% of attendance Marks

90 and above 5

85 – 89 4

80-84 3

76-79 2

75 1

(Decimals are to be rounded to the next higher whole number)



2) For all courses with practical

% of

Attendance

Marks for

theory

% of Attendance

Marks for

practical

90 and above 3 90 and above 4

80--89 2 85--89 3

75--79 1 80--84 2

75--79 1

(Decimals are to be rounded to the next higher whole number)

13. ASSIGNMENTS

Assignments are to be done from 1st to 4th Semesters. At least one assignment

should be done in each semester.

14. SEMINAR/VIVA

A student shall present a seminar in the 5th semester and appear for Viva-voce in

the 6th semester.

15) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT TEST PAPERS

At least one internal test-paper is to be attended in each semester for each course.

The evaluations of all components are to be published and are to be

acknowledged by the candidates. All documents of internal assessments are to be

kept in the Controller of Examinations (COE ’s) office for two years and shall be

made available for verification. The responsibility of evaluating the internal

assessment is vested on the teacher(s), who teach the course.

15.1 Grievance Redressal Mechanism

Internal assessment shall not be used as a tool for personal or other type of

vengeance. A student has all rights to know, how the teacher arrived at the

marks. In order to address the grievance of students a three-level Grievance

Redressal mechanism is envisaged. A student can approach the upper level only

if grievance is not addressed at the lower level.

Level 1: Dept. Level: The department cell chaired by the Head; and Dept.



coordinator and teacher in-charge, as members.

Level 2: College level: A committee with the Principal as Chairman, COE, Dept.

Coordinator, HOD of concerned Department and a senior teacher nominated by

the College council as members.

The college council shall nominate a senior teacher as coordinator of internal

evaluations. This coordinator shall make arrangements for giving

awareness of the internal evaluation components to students immediately

after commencement of I semester

16. External examination

The external examination of all semesters shall be conducted by the College at

the end of each semester.

16.1 Students having a minimum of 75% average attendance for all the courses only

can register for the examination. Condonation of shortage of attendance to a

maximum of 10 days or 50 hours in a semester subject to a maximum of 2 times

during the whole period of the programme may be granted by the College on

valid grounds. This condonation shall not be counted for internal assessment.

Benefit of attendance may be granted to students attending University/College

union/Co-curricular activities by treating them as present for the days of absence,

on production of participation/attendance certificates, within one week, from

competent authorities and endorsed by the Head of the institution. This is limited

to a maximum of 10 days per semester and this benefit shall be considered for

internal assessment also.

Those students who are not eligible even with condonation of shortage of

attendance shall repeat the course along with the next batch.

16.2 All students are to do a project. This project can be done individually or as a

group of 3 students. The projects are to be identified during the II semester of the

programme with the help of the supervising teacher. The report of the project in

duplicate is to be submitted to the department at the sixth semester and are to be

produced before the examiners appointed by the College.

16.3There will be no supplementary exams. For reappearance/ improvement, the

students can appear along with the next batch.

16.4A student who registers his/her name for the external exam for a semester will be

eligible for promotion to the next semester.

16.5A student who has completed the entire curriculum requirement, but could not

register for the Semester examination can register notionally, for getting

eligibility for promotion to the next semester.



16.6A candidate who has not secured minimum marks in internal examinations can

re-do the same registering along with the End Semester Examination for the

same semester, subsequently.

17. PATTERN OF QUESTIONS

Questions shall be set to assess knowledge acquired, standard application of knowledge, application of knowledge in new situations, critical evaluation of knowledge and the ability to synthesize knowledge. The question setter shall ensure that questions covering all skills are set. He/She shall also submit a detailed scheme of evaluation along with the question paper.

A question paper shall be a judicious mix of objective type, short answer type, short essay type /problem solving type and long essay type questions.

Pattern of questions for external examination for theory paper without

practical.

TOTAL

Total no.

of

questions

Number of

questions

to be

answered

Marks of

each

question

Total

marks

10 10 1 10

12 8 2 16

9 6 4 24

4 2 15 30

35 26 x 80

Pattern of questions for external examination for theory papers with practical

TOTAL

Total no.

of

questions

Number of

questions

to be

answered

Marks of

each

question

Total

marks

8 8 1 8

10 6 2 12

6 4 4 16

4 2 12 24

28 20 x 60



17 There shall be 3 level monitoring committees for the successful conduct of the

scheme. They are -

1. Department Level Monitoring Committee (DLMC), comprising

HOD and two senior-most teachers as members.

2. College Level Monitoring Committee (CLMC), comprising Principal,

Dept. Co-ordinator and A.O/Superintendent as members.



DISTRIBUTION OF COURSES FOR BACHELERS

PROGRAMME IN PHYSICS S

emes

ter

Title of the Course

Num

ber

of

hour

s pe

r

Num

ber

of

cred

its

Tot

al C

redi

ts

Tot

al h

ours

pe

r S

emes

ter

Exa

m

Dur

atio

n

Total Marks

Ses

sio

nal

Fin

al

1

English I ( Common Course) ENG1CSE- Communication Skills in English

5 4 4 90

3 20

80

English II ( Common Course) ENG1RLE-Reading Literature in English

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

Second Language French FRE1FLCS - French Language & Communication Skills - I Hindi HIN1POAP - Prose And One Act Play Malayalam MAL1KN -Katha, Novel

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

Core Course PHY1MP -Methodology In Physics

Practical

2

2

2 *

2 72

3 10

*

60

*

Complementary I Mathematics MAT1DCT -Differential Calculus and Trigonometry

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

Complementary II Statistics STA1BS-Basic Statistics

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

English I ( Common 5 4 4 9 3 2 8



2

Course) ENG2CTAWP - Critical Thinking, Academic Writing and Presentation

0 0 0

English II ( Common Course) ENG2MVI - Musings on Vital Issues

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

Second Language French FRE2FLCS - French Language & Communication Skills - II Hindi HIN2TCA - Translation, Communication Skills and Applied Grammar Malayalam MAL2KAV - Kavitha

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

Core Course PHY2MPM - Mechanics And Properties of Matter

Practical

2

2

2 2

4 72

3 3

10

20

60

40

Complementary I Mathematics MAT2ICM -Integral Calculus and Matrices

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

Complementary II Statistics STA2TRV -Theory Of Random Variables

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

3

English ( Common Course) ENG3RISSE -Reflections On Indian Polity, Secularism & Sustainable Environment

5 4 4 90

3 20

80

Second Language French FRE3ACF -An Advanced Course in French I Hindi HIN3PF -Poetry and Fiction Malayalam

5 4 4 90

3 20

80



MAL3AP-Arangum Porulum Core Course PHY3ELE -Electronics

Practical

3

2

3 *

2 90

3 10

*

60

*

Complementary I Mathematics MAT3VDA -Vector Calculus , Differential Equations and Analytic Geometry

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

Complementary II Statistics STA3PD- Probability Distribution

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

4

English ( Common Course) ENG4EPS-Evolution of the Philosophy of Science:

5 4 4 90

3 20

80

Second Language French FRE4ACF - An Advanced Course in French – II Hindi HIN4CCI -Culture and Civilization of India Malayalam MAL4GRP -Gadyam, Rachana Parichayam

5 4 4 90

3 20

80

Core Course PHY4EE -Electricity And Electrodynamics

Practical

3

2

3 2

2 90

3 10

20

60

40

Complementary I Mathematics MAT4FDNA -Fourier Series, Differential Equations, Numerical Analysis and Abstract Algebra

4 3 3 72

3 20

80



Complementary II Statistics STA4SI -Statistical Inference

4 3 3 72

3 20

80

5

Core Course PHY5CQM -Classical And Quantum Mechanics

Practical

3

2

3 *

2 90

3 10

*

60

*

Core Course PHY5POP -Physical Optics And Photonics Practical

3

2

3 *

2 90

3 10

*

60

*

Core Course PHY5TSP -Thermal And Statistical Physics

Practical

3

2

3 *

2 90

3 10

*

60

*

Core Course PHY5DE -Digital Electronics

Practical

3

2

3 *

2 90

3 10

*

60

*

Project 1 * * * * * * Open Course 4 3 3 7

2 3 2

0 80

6

Core Course PHY6CP - Computational Physics.

Practical

3

2

3 2

2 90

3 10

20

60

40

Core Course PHY6NPP– Nuclear and Particle Physics

Practical

3

2

3 2

2 90

3 10

20

60

40

Core Course PHY6CMP– Condensed Matter Physics

3

3

2 90

3 10

60



Practical 2 2 20

40

Core Course PHY6RS– Relativity and Spectroscopy

Practical

3

2

3 2

2 90

3 10

20

60

40

Choice Based Course Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

4 4 4 72

20

80

Project 1 1 1 18

* 20

80



DETAILS OF COURSES OFFERED BY PHYSICS

DEPARTMENT

No. Course Subject Code

Title of paper Coursedetails (Core/ Comple/ Common/ Lang.

SEMESTER I

1 Physics Core theory

PHY1MP Methodology In Physics

Core Theory

2 *Physics Practical PHY2MPM(P1) Mechanics And

Properties Of

Matter

Core Practical

3 Complementary Physics

PHY1PMMFA Properties of Matter, Mechanics And Fourier Analysis

Complementary Physics for B.Sc Mathematics


PHY1PMMPP Properties of Matter, Mechanics And Particle Physics

Complementary

Physics for B.Sc

Chemistry

5 *Complementary Physics Practical

PHY2CP(P1) Complementary

Physics

Complementary

Practical(for B.Sc.

Mathematics/Chemi

stry)

*Practical exams only in even semesters

SEMESTER II

1 Physics

Core theory

PHY2MPM Mechanics And

Properties of Matter

Core Theory

2 Physics Practical PHY2MPM(P1) Mechanics And

Properties Of Matter

Core Practical


PHY2EMTSR Electric And

Magnetic

Phenomena,

Thermodynamics&

Special Theory Of

Relativity

Complementary

Theory ( for

B.Sc.

Mathematics)




PHY2EMTE Electric And

Magnetic

Phenomena,

Thermodynamics

&Elementary Solid

State Physics.

Complementary

Physics ( B.Sc

Chemistry)

5 Complementary Physics Practical

PHY2CP(P1) Complementary

Physics

Complementary

Practical(for

B.Sc.

Mathematics/C

hemistry)

SEMESTER III


PHY3ELE Electronics

Core Theory

2 *Physics Practical PHY4PC(P2) Physics Core

Practical

Core Practical


PHY3QSNBD Quantum Mechanics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics, Basic Electronics and Digital Electronics

Complementary (for

B.Sc. Mathematics)


PHY3QSNE Quantum Mechanics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics and Electronics

Complementary (for

B.Sc. Chemistry)

5 *Complementary Physics Practical

PHY4P(P2)

Physics

Complementary

Practical.

Complementary

Practical (for B.Sc

Mathematics/

Chemistry)




SEMESTER IV


PHY4EE

Electricity And

Electrodynamics Core Theory

2 Physics Practical PHY4PC(P2) Physics Core

Practical. Core Practical


PHY4PLA

Physical Optics,

Laser Physics And

Astrophysics

Complementary

Theory(for BSc.

Mathematics)


PHY4PLS

Physical Optics,

Laser Physics And

Superconductivity

Complementary (for

BSc. Chemistry)

4 Complementary Physics Practical

PHY4P(P2)

Physics

Complementary

Practical.

Complementary

Practical (for BSc

Mathematics/

Chemistry)

SEMESTER V


PHY5AA(O) Amateur Astronomy

Open Course


PHY5CQM Classical And

Quantum Mechanics Core Course


PHY5POP Physical Optics And

Photonics

Core Course

4 Physics theory PHY5TSP Thermal And

Statistical Physics

Core Course


PHY5DE Digital Electronics Core Course

6 *Physics practical

PHY6C(P3) Physics Core Practical- III

Core Practical


PHY6C(P4) Physics Core

Practical- IV

Core Practical





Practical- V

Core Practical



Practical-VI

Core Practical

10 Project PHY6(PD) Project/ Dissertation (No evaluation)

Project/ Dissertation


SEMESTER VI


PHY6NN(C) Nano Science and Nanotechnology

Choice based course


PHY6NPP Nuclear and Particle Physics

Core Course


PHY6CMP Condensed Matter Physics

Core Course


PHY6RS Relativity and Spectroscopy

Core Course


PHY6CP Computational Physics

Core Course

6 Physics practical

PHY6C(P3) Physics Core Practical- III

Core Practical

7 Physics practical


Practical- IV

Core Practical

8 Physics practical


Practical- V

Core Practical

9 Physics practical


Practical-VI

Core Practical

10 Project/ Dissertation

PHY6(PD) Project/ Dissertation Evaluation

Project/ Dissertation

evaluation



SEMESTER WISE DETAILS OF COURSES OFFERED BY DEPARTMENT

OF PHYSICS

No. Course

Su

bje

ct

Cod

e

Title of paper Coursedetails

(Core/ Comple/

Common/

Lang.

SEMESTER 1

1 English ENG1CSE Communication Skills in

English

Common

Course

2 English ENG1RLE Reading Literature in

English

Common

Course

3 French FRE1FLCS French Language &

Communication Skills - I

Addl. Lang

4 Hindi HIN1POAP Prose And One Act Play Language

5 Malayalam MAL1KN Katha, Novel

Language

6 Physics PHY1MP Methodology In Physics

Core

7 *Physics

Practical

PHY2MPM(P1) Mechanics And

Properties Of Matter

Core Practical

8 Mathematics MAT1DCT Differential Calculus and

Trigonometry

Complementary

theory

9 Statistics TB141390 Basic Statistics Complementary

theory


SEMESTER II

1 English ENG2CTAWP Critical Thinking,

Academic Writing and

Presentation

Common

Course

2 English

ENG2MVI Musings on Vital Issues Common

Course

3 French FRE2FLCS French Language &

Communicative Skills – II

Addl. Lang

4 Hindi HIN2TCA Translation,

Communication Skills and

Applied Grammar

Language



5 Malayalam MAL2KAV Kavitha Language

6 Physics PHY2MPM Mechanics And Properties

of Matter

Core Theory

7 Physics

Practical

PHY2MPM(P1) Mechanics And Properties

of Matter

Core Practical

8 Mathematics MAT2ICM Integral Calculus and

Matrices

Complementa

ry theory

9 Statistics STA2TRV Theory Of Random

Variables

Complementa

ry theory

SEMESTER III

1 English ENG3RISSE Reflections On Indian

Polity, Secularism &

Sustainable Environment

Common

Course

2 French FRE3ACF An Advanced Course in

French I

Addl. Lang

3 Hindi HIN3PF Poetry and Fiction Language

4 Malayalam MAL3AP Arangum Porulum Language

5 Physics PHY3ELE Electronics

Core Theory

6 *Physics

Practical

PHY4PC(P2) Physics Core Practical

Core Practical

7 Mathematics MAT3VDA Vector Calculus ,

Differential Equations

and Analytic Geometry

Complementary

theory

8 Statistics STA3BS Probability Distribution Complementary

theory


SEMESTER IV



1 English ENG4EPS Evolution of the Philosophy

of Science: Common

Course

2 French FRE4ACF An Advanced Course in

French – II

Addl. Lang

3 Hindi HIN4CCI Culture and Civilization

of India

Language

4 Malayalam MAL4GRP Gadyam, Rachana

Parichayam

Language

5 Physics PHY4EE

Electricity And

Electrodynamics Core Theory

6 Physics

Practical

PHY4PC(P2) Physics Core Practical Core Practical

7 Mathematics MAT4FDNA Fourier Series,

Differential Equations,

Numerical Analysis and

Abstract Algebra

Complementary

theory

8 Statistics STA4SI Statistical Inference

Complementary

theory

SEMESTER V


PHY5AA(O) Amateur Astronomy Open Course

2 Physics Core theory PHY5CQM

Classical And Quantum

Mechanics Core Course

3 Physics Core theory PHY5POP

Physical Optics And

Photonics

Core Course

4 Physics Core theory PHY5TSP

Thermal And Statistical

Physics

Core Course


PHY5DE Digital Electronics Core Course


PHY6C(P3) Physics Core Practical- III Core Practical


PHY6C(P4) Physics Core Practical- IV Core Practical




PHY6C(P5) Physics Core Practical- V Core Practical


PHY6C(P6) Physics Core Practical-VI Core Practical

10 Project PHY6(PD)

Project/Dissertation- (No

evaluation)

Core


SEMESTER VI


PHY6NN(C) Nano Science and Nanotechnology

Choice based

course


PHY6NPP Nuclear and Particle Physics

Core Course


PHY6CMP Condensed Matter Physics Core Course


PHY6RS Relativity and Spectroscopy

Core Course


PHY6CP Computational Physics Core Course

6 Physics practical

PHY6C(P3) Physics Core Practical- III Core Practical

7 Physics practical

PHY6C(P4) Physics Core Practical- IV Core Practical

8 Physics practical

PHY6C(P5) Physics Core Practical- V Core Practical

9 Physics practical

PHY6C(P6) Physics Core Practical-VI Core Practical

10 Project/ Dissertation

PHY6(PD) Project/ Dissertation Evaluation

Project/

Dissertation

evaluation



SYLLABI OF COURSES

CORE COURSES (Common for the Programme)

Semester I

PHY1MP – Methodology in Physics Credits – 3 (Theory 2+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 36 Scope : This course will be an introduction to the pursuit of Physics, its history and

methodology. The course also aims at emphasizing the importance of measurement

which is central to physics.

Prerequisites: This is an introductory course. Any student who opts to take

Physics as the core subject for B. Sc. should attend this course.

Module I Historical perspective on Physics and its method (12 hrs) Ancient perspectives on the universe - Geocentric model of Ptolemy - Copernican

revolution. Galileo, and his emphasis on experiments and observations. Kepler's

laws. Newton and the deterministic universe - Maxwell and the unification of

electricity, magnetism and optics.

Planck’s hypothesis of quantum. Quantum mechanics. Einstein and his theories of

relativity. Contributions by S. N. Bose, M. N. Saha, C. V. Raman and S.

Chandrasekhar. Emergence of modern physics and technology - Semiconductor

revolution - nanotechnology. Contemporary worldview - the expanding universe –

fundamental particles and the unification of all forces of nature. (All from a historical

perspective – details and derivations not required)

Physics, and its relation to other branches of Science. Hypotheses; theories and laws

in science- verification (proving), corroboration and falsification (disproving),

Revision of scientific theories and laws. Significance of Peer Review. Publications

and patents.

www.britannica.com. This online Encyclopedia is a good resource for

module I (See articles on Ptolemaic System, Copernican System, Galileo,

Johannes Kepler, James Clerk Maxwell, Electromagnetism, Max Planck,

Quantum Mechanics and Relativity.)



Vignettes in Physics – G. Venkataraman, Universities Press - this series

of books gives authentic accounts of contributions of Indian physicists

(See ‘Bose and his Statistics’, ‘Saha and his formula’, ‘Raman and his

effect’ and ‘Chandrasekhar and his limit’)

Module II

Measuring instruments (12 Hours) Measurement of time – water clocks – sun dials – pendulum clocks – digital clocks

– atomic clocks.

Length measurement – rulers – standard metre – micrometers – screw gauges-

travelling microscope – laser range finder- sonar – GPS.

Angle measurement – spectrometer verniers - scale and telescope - measurement of

stellar parallaxes .

Electrical measurement - Working principle of galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter

and digital multimeters.

Instrumentation Devices & Systems - C. S. Rangan, G. R. Sarma, V. S. V. Mani

McGraw-Hill

http://www.howstuffworks.com/ This site provides good information on

measuring instruments

Module III

Error Analysis (12 Hours) Basic ideas – uncertainties of measurement – importance of estimating errors –

dominant errors – random errors – systematic errors - rejection of spurious

measurements Estimating and reporting errors – errors with reading scales, errors of digital

instruments – number of significant digits –absolute and relative errors - standard

deviation – error bars and graphical representation. Propagation of errors – sum and differences – products and quotients – multiplying

by constants – powers Calibration – need for calibration – methods of calibration.

An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical

Measurements, John R. Taylor - Univ. Science Books

http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/ErrorAnalysis/

http://phys.columbia.edu/~tutorial/index.html



Reference 1. Gieryn, T.F. Cultural Boundaries of Science., Univ. Chicago Press, 1999.

2. Collins H. and T. Pinch. The Golem: What Everyone Should Know

About Science.,Cambridge Univ Press, 1993.

3. Hewitt, Paul G, Suzanne Lyons, John A. Suchocki & Jennifer Yeh,

Conceptual Integrated Science, Addison-Wesley, 2007

4. Newton RG. The Truth of Science : New Delhi, 2nd edition

5. Bass, Joel, E and et.al. Methods for Teaching Science as Inquiry, Allyn

& Bacon,2009

6. http://www.howstuffworks.com/

7. John R. Taylor. An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of

Uncertainties in Physical Measurements, Univ. Science Books

8. http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/ErrorAnalysis/

9. http://phys.columbia.edu/~tutorial/index.html

10. Scientific Endeavour J A lee Longman

BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark

8 questions

out of 8

2 Marks

6

questions

out of 10

4 Marks

4 questions out

of 6

12

Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total

60 marks

out of 100

Module I

Historical perspective

on Physics and its

method

12

3 3 2 1 29

Module II

Measuring instruments

12

3 4 2 2 43

Module III

Error Analysis

12

2 3 2 1 28



MODEL QUESTION PAPER

B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION.

B. Sc. PHYSICS – SECOND SEMESTER

CORE COURSE (PHYSICS)

PHY1MP –METHODOLOGY IN PHYSICS

(For Physics Model I)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 60 Marks

(Candidates can use Clark’s tables and scientific non-programmable calculators)

Part A

Answer all questions. (Each question carries 1 mark)

1. Define one second.

2. What are de Broglie waves?

3. Give any two applications of nanotechnology.

4. What is Laser Range Finder?

5. Express the distance from earth to sun in parsec and light year.

6. What do you mean by standard deviation?

7. Name the instrument which is used to measure current, resistance and

voltage.

8. Find the average of deviations in a set of measurements.

(8 x 1 = 8)

Part B

Answer 6 questions. (Each question carries 2 marks)

9. Explain Newton’s three laws of motion.

10. Briefly explain the general theory of relativity.

11. Write a short note on Fundamental particles.

12. Distinguish between FET and MOSFET.

13. Summarise the method of operation of GPS.

14. Describe the method of angle measurement using scale and telescope

arrangement.

15. Explain the working of a pivoted type galvanometer.

16. Explain the need for calibration.

17. The charge of an electron is (1.6021892 0.0000046) x 10-19 C .Express it

correct to 6 significant figures.

18. Distinguish between systematic error and random error.

(6 x 2 = 12)

P.T.O



Part C


19. Explain the Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetic theory.

20. Briefly explain the valuable contributions of S. Chandrasekhar on the

theoretical structure and evolution of stars.

21. Explain how RADAR can be used for measuring large distances.

22. A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 5Ω and it shows full-scale deflection

at a current of 15 mA. Calculate what resistance must be used to enable it to

read (a) 1.5A (b) 1.5 V

23. A rectangular board is measured with a scale having accuracy of 0.2 cm. The

length and breadth are measured as 35.4 cm and 18.5 cm respectively. Find

the relative error and percentage error of the area calculated.

24. The length, breadth and thickness of a rectangular sheet of metal are 4. 234

m, 1.005 m and 2.01 cm respectively. Give the area and volume of the sheet

to correct significant figures.

(4 x 4= 16)

Part D

Answer any two questions. (Each question carries 12 marks)

25. Explain Copernican model of the Universe. Contrast it with Ptolemic model.

How did Galileo’s observation support it?

26. Discuss the evolution of time measurement from water clocks to atomic

clocks.

27. (a) Explain how errors can be estimated?

(b) How does error propagate in different mathematical operations?

28. (a)What is stellar parallax? How can you measure the size of moon

using this method? The angular diameter of the sun is 30 minutes of

arc. If the distance of the sun from the earth is 1.5 x 1011m , find the

diameter of sun.(b) Describe any method to measure the angle of a prism

using spectrometer verniers.

(2 x 12 = 24)



SEMESTER II

PHY2MPM - Mechanics and Properties of Matter Credits – 3 (Theory 2+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 36 Scope: This course would empower the student to acquire engineering skills and

practical knowledge, which help the student in their everyday life. This syllabus

will cater the basic requirements for their higher studies. This course will provide a

theoretical basis for doing experiments in related areas. Prerequisites: Basic mechanics, reasoning power, initiative skills and calculus

Module I

Motion under gravity : 5 hrs Velocity- acceleration- force – acceleration due to gravity- weightlessness-

compound pendulum (symmetric and unsymmetric) radius of gyration- kater’s

pendulum- centripetal acceleration and force- centrifugal force Rotational mechanics : 6 hrs Angular velocity- angular acceleration- angular momentum- conservation- torque-

moment of inertia- Parallel and perpendicular axes theorem - calculation of moment

of inertia- (rod, ring, disc, cylinder, sphere) flywheel.

Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday and Resnik (John Wiley & sons);

Principles of Mechanics – John . L. Synge and Byron .A. Griffith (Mc-

graw Hills);

Mechanics – D.S.Mathur (S.Chand).

Advanced Physics–Materials and Mechanics – Tom Duncan (John

Murray London);

Classical Mechanics – Goldstein ; Classical mechanics – K.SankaraRao

(PHI);

Refresher course in Physics. Vol. 1 – C.L.Arora

Module II Oscillation and waves: 9 hrs SHM, equation of motion to SHM- theory of damped oscillation (over, under,

critical)- theory of forced oscillation- resonance- solution and equation to

progressive wave- energy of progressive wave- superposition of waves-theory of

beats- Doppler effect.

Vibration, waves and Acoustics – D. Chattopadhyay (Books and Allied

Pvt Ltd, Culcutta);



Text book of sound – Brijlal and Subrahmanniam (S.Chand);

Classical mechanics – K.SankaraRao (Prentice Hall of India);

Refresher course in Physics. Vol. 1 – C.L.Arora

Module III Elasticity: 8 hrs Stress- strain- Hooke’s law- elastic module- Poisson’s ratio- bending of beams-

bending moment- Young’s modulus (cantilever-mirror and telescope)- Young’s

modulus (uniform and non uniform bending-microscope) torsional oscillations-

rigidity modulus- static torsion(mirror and telescope )- I section girder. Surface tension: 4 hrs Molecular theory of surface tension- surface energy- excess pressure in a liquid drop-

transverse waves on the surface of a liquid- effect of gravity- effect of surface

tension- factors affecting surface tension- applications. Viscosity: 4 hrs Streamline and turbulent flow- critical velocity- derivation of Poiseuille’s

formula-derivation of - Stoke’s formula-Lubricants.

Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmaniam (S. Chand.); Refresher course in

Physics. Vol. 1 – C.L.Arora

Reference 1. Fundamentals of Physics - Halliday and Resnik (John Wiley) 2. Principles of Mechanics - John. L. Synge and Byron A Griffith (Mc- Graw Hill) 3. Advanced Physics - Materials and Mechanics - Tom Duncan (John Murray

London) 4. Mechanics - D.S.Mathur (S.Chand) 5. Classical Mechanics - Goldstein 6. Classical Mechanics - K. SankaraRao (Prentice. Hall of India- N.Delhi) 7. Text Book of Sound - Brijlal and Subramaniam (S.Chand) 8. Refresher Course in Physics - Vol1- C.L.Arora 9. Vibration, Waves and Acoustics - D.Chattopadhyay (Books and Allied Pvt Ltd) 10. Properties of Matter - Brijlal and Subramaniam (S.Chand) 11. Properties of Matter - -D.S.Mathur (S.Chand) 12. Mechanics- H.S.Hans andS.P.Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill)

13. Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. ChananCo.)



14. Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and Sons)

BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark

8 questions

out of 8

2 Marks

6

questions

out of 10

4 Marks

4 questions out

of 6

12

Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total

60 marks

out of 100

Module I

Motion under gravity

Rotational mechanics

11

3 4 2 1 31

Module II

Oscillation and waves

9

2 4 2 1 30

Module III

Elasticity

Surface tension

Viscosity

16

3 2 2 2 39




B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION,

B. Sc. PHYSICS – SECOND SEMESTER CORE COURSE (PHYSICS)

PHY2MPM – MECHANICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Time: 3 Hours Maximum: 60 Marks

Part A

Answer all questions. (Each question carries 1 mark)

1. What is meant by instantaneous velocity?

2. What is contact force?

3. State the law of conservation of angular momentum.

4. Plot the variation of potential and kinetic energy of a particle executing SHM

with displacement.

5. What is Doppler effect in sound?

6. What are lubricants?

7. What is neutral axis?

8. What do you mean by strain?

(8 1 = 8 marks)

Part B


9. Distinguish between linear velocity and angular velocity of a particle in uniform

circular motion.

10. Explain centripetal acceleration with formula.

11. You are given two circular discs of equal masses and thickness but made from

different metals. Which one will have a larger moment of inertia about its central

axis? Why?

12. Give the analogy between translatory motion and rotatory motion.

13. Distinguish between progressive wave and stationary wave.

14. The maximum speed of a particle executing SHM is 1 m/s and maximum

acceleration is

1.5 m/s2. Find the period.

15. State and explain principle of superposition of waves.

16. Does total energy remain constant in the case of damped harmonic oscillator?

Explain.

17. What is surface energy?

18. Why clouds appear floating in the sky?

(6 2 = 12 marks)

P.T.O.



Part C


19. A metallic disc of radius R with its plane vertical is made to swing about a

horizontal axis passing through any one of a number of holes drilled along the

diameter. Show that the minimum period of oscillation is given by

g

RT

414.12min .

20. Deduce the moment of inertia of a thin annular ring about an axis passing through

the center and perpendicular to its plane

21. A particle executes SHM with period 3.14s and amplitude 10 cm. Calculate its

maximum velocity and maximum acceleration.

22. A note produces 4 beats per second with a tuning fork of frequency 512Hz and

6beats per second with a fork of frequency 514Hz. Find the frequency of the

note.

23. A disc 0.1 m in radius and weighing 1 kg is suspended in a horizontal plane by a

vertical wire 1.5m long attached to its centre. The diameter of the wire is 310 m

and period of torsional oscillations of the disc is 5 sec. Find the rigidity modulus

of material of the wire.

24. A spherical ball of mass 1.34 x 10-4 kg and diameter 4.4 x 10-3 m takes 6.4s to

fall steadily through a height of 0.381m inside a large volume of oil of specific

gravity 0.943.Calculte the coefficient of viscosity of the oil.

(4 4 = 16 marks)

Part D

Answer any two questions. (Each question carries 12 marks)

25. What is a compound pendulum? Obtain an expression for its time period. Show

that the centre of suspension and centre of oscillations are interchangeable.

26. Set up the differential equation for a forced harmonic oscillator and obtain the

condition for resonance.

27. Deduce Poiseuille’s equation for the rate of flow of a liquid through a capillary

tube.

28. Derive the expression for bending moment. Use it to arrive at the equation for

the depression at the end of a cantilever.

(2 12 = 24 marks)



SEMESTER III

PHY3ELE Electronics

Credits – 4 (Theory 3+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54 Scope : We are living in a wonder world of Electronics. To know the physical

principles and applications of Electronics is most necessary for a Physics student.

This course is intended to provide this know-how.

Prerequisites: A basic knowledge of semiconductors, circuit fundamentals,

current laws, network theorems, passive elements etc is a must for the deeper

understanding of the topics.

Module-I

Basic concepts of semiconductors(15 Hours) P-N junction Diode-Diode Characteristics-Expression for Diode current

(Expression-without derivation)-Static and Dynamic resistances-Junction

capacitance-Equivalent circuit-Avalanche and Zener breakdown-PIV.

Rectifiers-Half wave-Centre tapped full wave and Bridge rectifiers-Derivation

of efficiency and ripple factor of half wave and full wave rectifiers

Filter circuits- Shunt capacitor filter-Series inductor filter-LC filter- π section filter-

Voltage regulation-Line regulation and load regulation- Zener diode shunt regulator-

Design of circuit-Optimum value of current limiting resistor.

Wave shaping circuits-Clipper-Positive, negative and biased clipping circuits-

Clampers-Biased clampers-Voltage multipliers- Doubler-Tripler &

Quadrupler.

A Text Book of Applied Electronics-R.S.Sedha: S.Chand Co. Multi

Colour Edn. Chapters-12,19,20 &33

Basic Electronics-B.L.Theraja: S.Chand Co. Chapters13&14

Module-II Transistors (18 Hours ) Transistors-Bipolar junction transistors-Mechanism of amplification in a transistor-

Common base, common emitter and common collector configurations and their

characteristics-Active, saturation and Cut-off regions-Current gain α , β , γ and

their relationships-Experiment to draw the characteristics of transistor in the CB



and CE modes-Leakage currents-Expressions for output currents in the three

modes-Thermal runaway-

Load line, Q-Point- Classification of amplifiers-Class A,B,AB and C amplifiers Need

for biasing-Stabilization-Transistor biasing-Fixed bias-Collector to base bias-Self

bias(emitter bias)-Voltage divider bias-Transistor as a switch.

AC equivalent circuit using h-parameters-Analysis of a transistor amplifier using

h-parameters-Performance of CE,CC and CC amplifiers

Basic ideas of FET & MOSFET

A Text Book of Applied Electronics-R.S.Sedha: Multi colour

Edn. S.Chand Co.Chapters-14, 15,16 &25

Basic Electronics-B.L.Theraja: S.Chand Co. Chapters 8,19, 20, 22&26.

Module-III

Amplifiers (19 Hours) Feedback amplifiers-Principle of feedback amplifiers-Positive and negative

feedback and its effects - Different types of feedback (Block diagrams only)-Emitter

follower. Sinusoidal oscillators-Principle of oscillators-Barkhausen criterion-Tuned

collector oscillator-Hartley and Colpitt’s Oscillators – RC Phase shift oscillators -

Crystal oscillator.

Operational amplifiers - Ideal Op-amp - Virtual ground and summing point-

Applications-Inverting amplifier - Non inverting amplifier-Unity follower -

Summing amplifier (adder).

Modulation and Demodulation -Types of modulation - Amplitude modulation-

Percentage modulation-modulation index - Analysis of AM wave – Sidebands –

bandwidth - Power in an AM wave-Modulating amplifier circuit.Frequency

modulation-Carrier swing-Modulation index-Deviation ratio-Percentage modulation

(Basics only)

Demodulation or detection-Diode detector circuit for AM signals

A Text Book of Applied Electronics-R.S.Sedha: Multi colour

Edn S.Chand Co.Chapter-29

Basic Electronics-B.L.Theraja: S.Chand Co. Chapters25,30&31 References: 1. Electronic Principles-Sahdev (Dhanpat Rai Co.) 2. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory-Robert L Boylestad&Louis



Nashelsky, PHI 3. Electronic Principles and Applications-Schuler(McGrawHill) 4. Foundations of Electronics-D Chattopadhyay,P.C.Rakshit,B

Saha,N.N.Purkait(New Age International Publishers) 5. Principles of Electronics-V.K.Mehta(S.Chand Co.) 6. Electronic Principles-A.P.Malvino 5th Edition(Tata McGrawHill) 7. Electronic Devices and Circuits-Sajeev Gupta(Dhanpat Rai Publications) 8. Basic Electronics and Linear Circuits-

N.N.Bhargava,D.C.Kulshreshtha&S.C.Gupta (Tata McGrawHill) 9. Introduction to Semiconductor Devices, Kevin, Brennan Cambridge Univ.

Press 10. Art of Electronics, Thomas C Hayes, Paul Horowitz, Cambridge Univ. Press

BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours 1 Mark

8 questions out of 8

2 Marks 6 questions out of 10

4 Marks 4

questions out of 6

12 Marks


Total 60 marks out of 100

Module 1

Basic concepts of semiconductors

17 Hr 4 4 2 1 32

Module 2

Transistors

18 Hr 3 5 2 1 33

Module 3

Amplifiers

19 Hr 1 1 2 2 35




B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION, B. Sc. PHYSICS –THIRD SEMESTER

CORE COURSE (PHYSICS) PHY3ELE - ELECTRONICS


Part A

Answer All questions. (Each question carries 1 mark).

1. Plot the potential function across the thickness of the pn junction diode and label

the potential barrier.

2. What is a varactor?

3. If you design a clipper using silicon diode, how much is the battery voltage

required to clip a sign wave at +3.6V?

4. Write down the diode equation and explain the symbols.

5. What is a field effect transistor?

6. Define stability factor of a transistor.

7. What are the advantages of Common Emitter amplifier over Common Base

amplifier?

8. List the characteristics of an ideal opamp.

(8 x 1 = 8 marks)

Part B

Answer any Six questions. (Each question carries 2 marks)

9. Explain the term switching time of diode.

10. Compare avalanche and zener breakdown.

11. Explain the working of a pi section filter.

12. Give the circuit diagram and explain the working of a voltage doubler.

13. Explain thermal runaway.

14. Draw the output characteristics of common emitter configuration and explain.

15. Describe the working of transistor as a switch.

16. Derive the Expression for current gain in terms of h parameters.

17. Compare Class A, Class B and Class C amplifiers.

18. Describe different types of negative feedback.

(6 x 2 = 12 marks)

( P.T.O )



Part C Answer any Four questions. (Each question carries 4 marks)

19. A 6.5V zener is used to regulate the voltage across a variable load. Input varies

between 10V and 20V and the current through the zener varies from 5mA to

50mA. Calculate the value of the series resistor used.

20. An ac signal in the form of Vi = 20 sin ωt is applied to a positive silicon diode

clamper. Draw the input and output waveforms.

21. A transistor carries a base current of 50 µA. It produces a collector to base

leakage current of 5µA. Determine the values of emitter current and collector

current of the transistor. Given α=0.98

22. When the gate source voltage of a FET changes from -4V to -4.2V, its drain

current changes from 1mA to 1.2 mA as its drain–source voltage is kept

constant. Calculate its trans-conductance.

23. An amplifier has a voltage gain 1000 and band width 30KHz. With negative

feedback its gain is reduced to 100. Calculate (i) feedback ratio (ii) feedback

factor (iii) sensitivity and (iv) band width with feedback

24. Derive the expressions for voltage gain, input and output resistances and CMRR

for a non inverting amplifier.

(4 x 4 = 16 marks)

Part D

Answer any Two questions. (Each question carries 12 marks)

25. Explain the working of a bridge rectifier and derive equations for ripple factor

and efficiency. How will the load regulation vary when we connect a capacitor

filter at the output?

26. Discuss the voltage divider bias for the transistor.

27. What is amplitude modulation? Mention different types of modulation. Discuss

amplitude modulation in detail, derive an expression for instantaneous amplitude

of AM wave ,explain the existence of side bands and power carried by it.

28. Distinguish between positive and negative feedbacks. Which one is used in

oscillator and explain the criterion for sustained oscillations. With neat diagrams

explain the working of Colpitt’s and Tuned collector oscillators.

(2 x 12 =24 marks)



SEMESTER IV

PHY4EE – Electricity and Electrodynamics

Credits – 4 (Theory 3+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54 Scope: Electricity and Electrodynamics have the key role in the development of

modern technological world. Without electric power and communication facilities,

life on earth stands still. A course in electricity and electrodynamics is thus an

essential component of physics programme at graduate level. This course is

expected to provide a sound foundation in electricity and electrodynamics. Prerequisites: Knowledge of Vector analysis, Vector calculus and fundamentals

of electricity and magnetism.

Module I

Varying Currents: (9 hrs) Growth and decay of current in an inductive circuit-charge and discharge of a

capacitor through a resistance - measurement of high resistance by capacitor leak

method- DC applied to LCR series circuit(charge case)-discharging of capacitor

through LR circuit(discharge case)- Theory of BG-measurement of K of BG using

standard capacitance.

Electricity and Magnetism- J.H.Fewkes & John Yarwood Chapters 3 & 5

Alternating currents & Circuit theory (10 hrs) RMS and peak values-AC through series LCR(acceptor circuit) and parallel LCR

circuit(rejecter circuit)-Q factor-power in AC-power factor-measurement of power in

AC circuit-AC watt meter- Distribution of three phase current: star connection – delta

connection -Ideal voltage and current sources-Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems-

Maximum power transfer theorem- Superposition Theorem

Electricity and Magnetism- J.H.Fewkes & John Yarwood chapter 6

Fundaments of Magnetism and Electricity D N Vasudeva Chapter 21 and 22.

Electrostatics- (13 hrs)



Electric field- Continuous charge distribution-Divergence and curl of electrostatic

fields, Gauss' Law-Applications Fields due to: Spherically symmetric charge

distribution, Uniformly charged spherical conductor, Line charge, Infinite plane sheet

of charge, Electric field at a point between two oppositely charged parallel plates.

Electric potential-Poisson’s equation and Laplace’s equation, The potential of a

localized charge distribution, Work and Energy in electrostatics-The work done to

move a charge - Energy of a point charge distribution and continuous charge

distribution, Conductors - Basic properties-induced charges, Surface charge and force

on a conductor-Capacitors. Introduction to Electrodynamics- David J Griffiths- PHI Chapter 2

Magnetostatics and Maxwell’s equations (12 hrs) Magnetic field of Steady currents - Comparison of magnetostatics and electrostatics

– Maxwell’s equations and magnetic charge - Maxwell’s equations inside matter

– Boundary conditions – Scalar and vector potentials –Poynting theorem.

Introduction to Electrodynamics- David J Griffiths- PHI Chapter 5,7 &8

Module III

Electromagnetic waves (10 hrs) Production and Detection of EM Waves- Hertz Experiment- The wave equation in

one dimension – Plane waves - Polarisation – Boundary conditions- Reflection and

transmission - Monochromatic plane waves in vacuum - Energy and momentum of

electromagnetic waves – Propagation through linear media –- Modified wave

equation in conductors - Monochromatic plane waves in conducting media.

Introduction to Electrodynamics- David J Griffiths- PHI Chapter 9 References 1. Electricity and Magnetism – J.H.Fewkes & John Yarwood -University

tutorial Press.

2. Fundaments of Magnetism and Electricity D N Vasudeva - S chand 3. Electricity and Magnetism A S Mahajan and AA Rangwala -TMH 4. Introduction to electrodynamics- David J Griffiths- PHI 5. Electromagnetics Matthew N Sadiku- Oxford 4th Edn 6. Electromagnetics with applications Kraus/Fleish 5th Edn – TMH 7. Electromagnetics J A Edminister 2nd Edn - TMH 8. Electromagnetic Fields TVS Arunmurthi – S. Chand



BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours 1 Mark


2 Marks 6 questions out of 10

4 Marks 4 questions

out of 6

12 Marks 2 questions

out of 4


Module 1 Varying Currents

Alternating currents & Circuit theory

19 Hr 3 4 3 1 35

Module II

Electrostatics

Magnetostatics and Maxwell’s equations

25 Hr 4 5 2 2 46

Module III

Electromagnetic waves

10 Hr 1 1 1 1 19




B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION, MARCH/APRIL, 2016 B. Sc. PHYSICS –FOURTH SEMESTER

CORE COURSE (PHYSICS) PHY4EE – ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODYNAMICS.


Part A


1. Prove that dimension of

.

2. Compare the properties of acceptor and rejecter circuits.

3. Define rms value of ac.

4. State Gauss’s law.

5. Mention some basic properties of electric conductors.

6. Define Farad.

7. Write down the equation for the speed of electromagnetic waves.

8. What is cyclotron radius?

(8 x 1 = 8 marks)

Part B


9. What is the difference ballistic galvanometer and ordinary galvanometer?

10. What are requirements for a voltage source to be ideal?

11. What is meant by quality factor? Derive the expression for it.

12. Describe the working of ac watt meter.

13. Write down Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations and explain applications of each.

14. Define work done and obtain the line integral to calculate the work done in

moving a point charge Q in an electric field E.

15. Derive the equation for the energy due to a continuous charge distribution.

16. Explain the concept of scalar and vector potentials.

17. Find the average electric field due to a conducting surface of charge density σ

and find the outward electrostatic pressure.

18. Obtain the relation between energy and momentum of Electromagnetic waves.

(6 x 2 = 12 marks)

( P.T.O )




19. A coil of resistance 1 ohm and inductance 1 henry is connected to a source of

emf 5 Volts Calculate the time constant and current after 0.2 sec.

20. Find the value of an inductance which should be connected in series with a

capacitor 0.5µF, a resistance of 10 ohm and a.c source of frequency 50Hz so that

the power factor of the circuit is unity.

21. State and prove Thevenin’s theorem.

22. Calculate the electric field 10 cm above the centre of a line charge 5 cm long

having 2μC.

23. A point charge of 20 nano Coulomb is situated at the origin and another point

charge of -10 nano Coulomb is located at the point (-2, -2, -2)m. Calculate

the potential at the point (0, 3, 3).

24. Find the boundary conditions when a plane wave is normally incident on a

boundary between two media which undergoes reflection and transmission?

(4 x 4 = 16 marks)

Part D


25. With a neat diagram, explain the principle and working of Ballistic

galvanometer.

26. State Gauss law in Electrostatics. Apply Gauss theorem to find the electric field

due to a uniformly charged spherical conductor.

27. State and prove Poynting’s theorem.

28. Derive the wave equations for the electromagnetic wave in a conducting

medium.

(2 x 12 =24 marks)



SEMESTER V

PHY5CQM – Classical and Quantum Mechanics

Credits – 4 (Theory 3+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54 Scope: This course is a prelude to advanced theoretical studies in Condensed Matter

Physics, Spectroscopy, Astrophysics, Electrodynamics and Nuclear Physics.

Prerequisites: Student should have essential knowledge of Algebra, Calculus

and Newtonian Mechanics.

Module – I Lagrange and Hamilton Equations (18 hours)

Constraints and degrees of freedom - Generalized coordinates – Classification

of a dynamical system – Principle of virtual work – D’Alemberts Principle -

Lagrange’s equations for general systems - Applications – one dimensional harmonic

oscillator – planetary motion – Hamilton’s equations of motion – Application - One

dimensional harmonic oscillator - Hamilton’s Principle for a conservative system –

Principle of least action – Calculus of variations - Lagrange’s equation from

Hamilton’s Principle Classical Mechanics – K. Sankara Rao, Prentice Hall of India. Chapter – 6

Module – II

Quantum Mechanics I. Emergence of quantum concepts (9 hours)

Black body radiation - Planck’s law - Particle nature of radiation –

Photoelectric effect - Compton effect - wave nature of matter – deBroglie hypothesis

– Davisson and Germer experiment - Uncertainty principle – probabilistic

interpretation of wave function.

Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Ajoy Ghatak, Macmillan India Ltd. Chapter– 3

II. Time dependent Schrodinger Equation (8 hours) The Schrodinger equation – Operators - The commutator - Physical Interpretation of

wave function – Normalisation probability current density- expectation value –

General eigen value equation – eigen value for momentum operator.

Applied Quantum Mechanics, A F J Levi, Cambridge Univ. Press



Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Ajoy Ghatak, Macmillan India Ltd.

Chapter– 4

Module – III

I. Propagation of wave packet (4 hours) General solution of one dimensional Schrodinger equation for a free particle – group

velocity and phase velocity.

Introduction to Quantum Mechanics – Ajoy Ghatak, Macmillan India Ltd. Chapter- 5

II. Time independent Schrodinger Equation (15 hours) Stationary state - Time independent Schrodinger equation – boundary and continuity

condition for wave functions – degeneracy – orthogonality of wave function –

particle in a box (one dimensional) – One dimensional harmonic oscillator – energy

eigen value and zero point energy – Orbital angular momentum – commutation

relations – Eigen values of L2, Lz - Energy eigen values of rigid rotator

Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Ajoy Ghatak, Macmillan India Ltd. Chapter– 9

Reference: 1. Classical Mechanics - 3rd Edition: Herbert Goldstein, Charles Poole &

John Safk, Pub. Pearson Education (Indian Edn.) 2. Mechanics, Hans & Puri, TMH 3. Classical Mechanics – Rana & Joag, TMH 4. Classical Mechanics – Greiner, Springer International Edn. 5. Classical Mechanics- Vimal Kumar Jain Ane Books Pvt. Ltd. 6. Quantum Physics – Stephen Gasirowicz Pub. Pearson Education (Indian

Edn.) 7. Quantum Mechanics - Greiner, 4th Edition, Springer International Edn. 8. Quantum Mechanics G. Aruldhas, Premtice Hall of India. 9. Concepts of Modern Physics - Arthur Beiser, Tata Mc Graw Hill. 10. Applied Quantum Mechanics, A F J Levi, Cambridge Univ. Press.



BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark 8

questions out of 8

2 Marks 6

questions out of 10

4 Marks 4

questions out of 6

12 Marks

2 questions out of

4


Module I Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Dynamics 18 3 3/5 3/2 1 33

Module II Origin of Quantum theory and Wave mechanical concepts

17 3/2 5/3 2/3 1 33/32

Module III General formalism of Quantum mechanics and the Energy eigen value problems

19 2/3 2 1 2 34/35




B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION B. Sc. PHYSICS –FIFTH SEMESTER

CORE COURSE (PHYSICS) PHY5CQM –– CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS


Part A

Answer all questions. Each question carries 1 mark

1. What are generalized co ordinates?

2. What is a holonomic system?

3. What is the degree of freedom of a rigid body?

4. Explain the postulates of Bohr model of hydrogen atom.

5. State and explain principle of superposition of waves.

6. What is meant by UV catastrophe in black body spectrum?

7. What is meant by wave function?

8. What is Hilbert space?

(8x1=8) Part B

Answer any six questions. Each question carries 2 marks

9. State and explain principle of virtual work?

10. Write down the Hamilton’s canonical equations of motion and explain the

symbols.

11. State and prove principle of least action.

12. State and explain Uncertainty principle.

13. Write a note on photoelectric effect.

14. Prove that the velocity of a particle and the velocity of the corresponding wave

packet are the same.

15. State and explain correspondence principle of Bohr.

16. Prove the nonexistence of electron in nucleus on the basis of uncertainity

principle.

P.T.O



17. State the postulates of quantum mechanics.

18. What is meant by commutator? Prove [x,p]= iђ

(6x2=12) Part C

Answer any four questions. Each question carries 4 marks

19. Use the Lagrangian method and obtain the equation of motion for planetary

motion.

20.Find the Hamilton’s variational principle for conservative systems.

21.Show that the path followed by a particle in sliding from one point A to another

point B, in the absence of friction and in the shortest time is a cycloid.

22. Derive the expression for ground state energy of hydrogen atom using uncertainty

principle.

23. An electron has a speed of 500 m/s with an accuracy of 0.004%. Calculate the

certainty with which we can locate the position of the electron.

24. If is a normalized wave function over the domain -∞ ≤ x ≤ ∞, what is

the value of normalization constant A.

(4x4=16) Part D

Answer any two questions. Each question carries 12 marks 25.From D’ Alemberts principle derive Lagrange’s equation of motion.

26.What is Compton effect? Explain its significance. Deduce the expression for

Compton shift in wavelength.

27. Derive the solution for angular part of Schrödinger equation for a particle

moving in a spherically symmetric potential.

28.Obtain the energy eigen values and eigen functions of a particle trapped in a

potential V, where V(x) = 0 for 0 ≤ x ≤ a

= ∞ for other values of x

What is zero point energy of the system? Explain.

(2x12=24)



SEMESTER V

PHY5POP – Physical Optics and Photonics

Credits – 4 (Theory 3+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54 Scope: This course aims to provide necessary foundation in optics and photonics

which prepare the students for an intensive study of advanced topics at a later stage. Prerequisites: Concepts of waves, basics in Mathematics.

Module I

Interference (11 hrs) Review of basic ideas of interference, (Coherent waves-Optical path and phase

change-superposition of waves, condition for bright and dark fringes).Thin films-

plane parallel film-interference due to reflected light-conditions for brightness and

darkness-interference due to transmitted light-Haidinger fringes-interference in

wedge shaped film-colours in thin films-Newton’s rings. Michelson

interferometer-construction-working and applications. Optics by Subramanayam, Brijlal, MN Avadhanalu, S.Chand Chapter 14

and15 Diffraction (11 hrs) Fresnel Diffraction – Huygens- Fresnel theory –zone plate –Difference between

zone plate and convex lens. Comparison between interference and diffraction –

diffraction pattern due to a straight edge, single silt. Fraunhoffer diffraction at a

single slit, double slit, N slits, theory of plane diffraction grating. Optics by Subramanayam, Brijlal, MN Avadhanalu, S.Chand Chapter 17

and 18 Module II

Polarization (10hrs) Concept of polarization – (plane of polarization)-polarization by reflection-

Brewster’s law-polarization by refraction-pile of plates. Polarization by double

refraction-(calcite crystal). Anisotropic crystals –optic axis –Double refraction-

Huygens explanation of double refraction. Positive and Negative crystals-

Electromagnetic theory of double refraction. Types of polarized light-Retarders or

wave plate- Quarter wave plate – Half wave plate- Production and Detection of

elliptically and circularly polarized light-Optical Activity-Fresnels Explanation of

Optical Rotation-(Analytical treatment not needed) – Specific Rotation-Laurents half

shade polarimeter



Optics by Subramanayam, Brijlal, MN Avadhanalu, S.Chand. Chapter – 20

Module-III Lasers (12hrs) Absorption and emission of light-Absorption-spontaneous emission and stimulated

emission-light amplification by stimulated emission. Einstein’s relations-condition

for light amplification –population inversion-pumping –pumping methods –optical

pumping – electrical pumping -direct conversion. Active medium-metastable states-

pumping schemes (two level, three level and four level) Optical resonator (theory not

required) Threshold condition. Types of lasers-ruby laser, He-Ne laser, semi-

conductor laser. Applications of lasers-Holography (principle, recording and

reconstruction) An introduction to lasers theory and applications.MN

Avadhanulu.S.ChandChapter-1 Fibre Optics and Optical Communication (10hrs) Optical fibre- Critical angle of propagation-modes of propagation- Acceptance

angle-Fractional refractive index change- Numerical Aperture- Types of Optical

fibers-Normalized Frequency- pulse dispersion Attenuation- Applications- Fibre

optic communication system- Advantages of Optical fibers.

Optics by Subramanayam, Brijlal, MN Avadhanalu, S.Chand Chapter 24. References 1. Optics 3rd edition- Ajoy Ghatak, TMH 2. Optical Electronics – Ajoy Ghatak and K Thyagarajan, Cambridge 3. Optics and Atomic Physics D P Khandelwal, Himalaya Pub. House 4. Optics S K Srivastava, CBS Pub. N Delhi 5. A Text book of Optics S L Kakani, K L Bhandari, S Chand.



BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark 8 questions

out of 8

2 Marks 6

questions out of 10

4 Marks 4

questions out of 6

12 Marks 2 questions

out of 4


Module I Interference, Diffraction 22 2 2 2 2 38

Module II Polarization 10 3 5 1 1 29

Module III Lasers , Fibre Optics and Optical Communication

22 3 3 3 1 33




B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION, B. Sc. PHYSICS –FIFTH SEMESTER

CORE COURSE (PHYSICS) PHY5POP – PHYSICAL OPTICS & PHOTONICS


Part A


1. Define optical path

2. Define grating element.

3. State Brewster’s Law

4. What is dichroism?

5. Write down the equation representing ratio of population in two energy levels

satisfying Boltzman’s equilibrium condition.

6. Give an example for a laser system with direct pumping.

7. Write down one advantage of optical fiber communication over radio wave

communication.

8. What is the order of magnitude the core of a step index optical fiber.

(8x1 =8)

Part B


9. Briefly discuss the condition for getting bright and dark interference pattern.

10. Deduce the expression for the radius of Newton’s rings.

11. Distinguish between Interference and diffraction.

12 Explain absent spectra in double slit fraunhoffer diffraction.

13. Distinguish between o-ray and e-ray.

14. Explain optical activity and give the Fresnel’s explanation of optical rotation.

15. Illustrate using suitable diagram, the three level pumping scheme.

16. Explain the structure of a semiconductor laser.

17. What is normalized frequency?

18. Describe angle hologram.

(6x2 =12)

P.T.O



Part C


19.A soap film 5x10-5 cm thick is viewed at an angle of 350 to the normal. Find the

wavelength of light in the visible spectrum which will be absent from the

reflected light. (=1.33)

20. Deduce the missing orders for a double slit Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern, if the

slit widths are 0.16 mm and they are 0.8 mm apart.

21. Plane polarized light passes through a calcite plate with its optic axis parallel to

the faces. Calculate the least thickness of the plate for which the emergent beam

will be plane polarized. Given 0=1.6584 , e= 1.4864 and wavelength of light is

5000A0

22. If the wavelength of emission of a laser is 6328 Å, calculate the coefficient of

stimulated emission. The life time of the upper laser level is 10 ms.

23. The length of a laser tube is 1.5 mm and the gain factor of the laser material is

0.00065/cm. if the reflectivity of one of the end mirrors is 1, what is the

required reflectance of the other resonator mirror?

19. An optical signal has lost 85% of its initial power after traversing 500 m of the

fiber. What is the loss in dB/km of this fiber?

(4x4 =16)

Part D

Answer any two questions. Each question carries 12 marks

25. Discuss the interference in wedge shaped film.

26. What is a zone plate? Give its theory. Show that a zone plate has multiple foci.

Compare the zone plate with a convex lens.

27. Discuss the production and detection of elliptically and circularly polarizedlight.

28. Describe pulse dispersion in optical fibers. What are intermodal and intramodal

dispersion?

(2x12 =24)



SEMESTER V

PH5B03U – Thermal and Statistical Physics

Credits – 4 (Theory 3+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54 Scope: This course is to develop a working knowledge of statistical mechanic and

to use this knowledge to explore various applications related to topics in material

science and the physics of condensed matter.

Prerequisites: Basics of calculus and quantum mechanics.

Module I

Thermal Physics (18 hrs) Laws of Thermodynamics: Zeroth law. First law- internal energy, Applications of

first law, Indicator diagram, Work done during isothermal and adiabatic process,

slopes, relation between them , cooling due to Adiabatic reversible processes .

Reversible and irreversible processes, Second law, Heat Engines, Carnot cycle and

theorem, Work done by the engine per cycle, efficiency, Otto Engine, Petrol engine,

Diesel Engine, Third law of thermodynamics -Unattainability of absolute zero

Thermodynamics and Statistical physics Brij Lal, N.Subrahmanyam and

P S Hemne (S. Chand &Co, Multi colour edition 2007) Chapters 4,5

Module II

Thermodynamic relations and Heat Transmission (18 hrs) Entropy, entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes, Entropy –

temperature diagrams and equations. Physical significance of entropy. Clausius

Clepeyron Equation. Thermodynamic potentials: Enthalpy, Gibbs and Helmholtz

functions, Maxwell’s relations and applications, Concepts of adiabatic and

isothermal elasticity

Modes of heat transfer, Searle’s & Lee’s experiment, black body radiation,

Stefan-Boltzmann Law, Wein’s displacement law, Rayleigh -Jean’s Law,

Planck’s law (no derivation).

Thermodynamics and Statistical physics Brij Lal, N.Subrahmanyam and

P S Hemne (S. Chand &Co, Multi colour edition 2007) Chapters 5,6,8,15

Module III Statistical Mechanics (18hrs) Micro and Macro states, thermodynamic probability, energy states, energy levels,

degenerate energy levels, degenerate gas, phase space, concept of entropy and



thermodynamic probability.

Classical Statistics: Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution law, thermodynamics of an

ideal monoatomic gas, Classical entropy expression, Gibbs’ paradox. Quantum Statistics:

Need of quantum statistics- Indistinguishability of particles- Spin and Statistics-

Ideas of Bose Einstein distribution law and its application to black body radiation,

Fermi Dirac Statistics and its application to electron gas

Thermodynamics and Statistical physics Brij Lal, N.Subrahmanyam and P S Hemne (S. Chand &Co, Multi colour edition 2007) Chapters 9,10,11,12

Reference: 1. Heat and Thermodynamics, Mark W Zemaskay and Richard H

Dittman, Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Co. (Special Indian

Edition) 2. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Greiner, Springer 3. Berkeley Physics Course Volume 5; Statistical Physics; Frederick Reif.

McGraw Hill. 4. A Treatise on Heat; Saha and Srivastava, The Indian Press, Allahabad. 5. Statistical Mechanics, R.K. Pathria, Pergamon press, Oxford



BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark 8

questions out of 8

2 Marks 6

questions out of

10

4 Marks 4

questions out of 6

12 Marks 2

questions out of 4


I Thermal Physics

18 3 5 2 1 33

II Thermodynamic

relations and Heat Transmission

18 3 2 1 2 35

III Statistical Mechanics 18 2 3 3 1 32




B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION

B. Sc. PHYSICS –FIFTH SEMESTER CORE COURSE (PHYSICS)

PHY5TSP–THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS


Part A


1.What is an indicator diagram? State its significance.

2.What is the change in internal energy, when an ideal gas is expanded isothermally

to double its volume?

3. A heat engine cannot attain 100% efficiency. Why?

4.What is meant by the principle of increase of entropy?

5.Explain thermal conductivity of a substance

6.Explain Wien’s displacement law?

7.What are bosons? Give an example.

8. Explain the term phase space.

(8x1 =8)

Part B


9. Show that work is a path dependent function. 10. State and explain Nernst heat theorem. 11. What is the relation between adiabatic and isothermal elasticities? 12. What is a reversible process? Give examples. 13. State and explain Carnot’s theorem. 14. Show that the Helmholtz free energy of a mechanically isolated system never increases during isothermal change

15. State and explain Plank’s law of heat radiation.

16. Explain macrostates and microstate with an example

17. Explain Gibb’s paradox.

18. Mention the main differences between classical and quantum statistics.

(6x2 =12)

Part C


25. A tube burst suddenly at 270C ..If the pressure of the tyre at bursting is 3

atmospheres. Calculate the final temperature

P.T.O



26. The heat absorbed by a Carnot engine from the source in each cycle is 500J and

the efficiency of the engine is 20%.Calculate the work done in each cycle.

21. Calculate the change in entropy when 1kg of water at 1000C is converted

into steam at the same temperature

22 Obtain a relation between entropy and thermodynamic probability.

23. Derive Planck’s law of radiation from Bose – Einstein statistics

24. What is a statistical ensemble? Explain the different types of ensembles.

(4x4 =16)

Part D


25. Explain the working of an Otto engine. Derive the expression for efficiency.

26. Establish Claustius –Clapeyron’equation from Maxwell’s thermo dynamical

relations and explain the effect of pressure on boiling point of a liquid and

melting point of a solid.

27. Describe Lee’s method for thermal conductivity.

28. Obtain the expression for the most probable distribution of particles among

the energy levels according to Maxwell – Boltzmann statistics.

(2x12 =24)



SEMESTER V

PHY5DE - Digital Electronics

Credits – 4 (Theory 3+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54 Scope: This course is expected to provide necessary back ground for applications

of electronics in mathematical computation.

Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of electronics and Mathematics

Module I Number systems (8 hrs) Digital and analog systems- Comparison, Different number systems- decimal,

binary, octal and hexadecimal-conversion between different systems- Binary

arithmetic-addition, subtraction and multiplication. Subtraction with 2’s complement

and 1’s complement- BCD code, ASCII code Digital design- M Morris Mano PHI Chapter 1

Module II

Boolean algebra (20 hrs) Binary logic- AND,OR and NOT operators- Logic symbol and truth table-Laws of

Boolean algebra- Demorgan’s theorem- Duality theorem- Boolean functions-

Complement of a function- Reducing Boolean expressions- Canonical and

standard form- Conversion between truth table, Boolean expressions and Logic

diagrams-Simplification of Boolean functions using Karnauh map(Two, three and

four variables) NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR gates- IC digital logic families (

Familiarization only). Digital design- M Morris Mano PHI Chapter 2 and 3

Module III

Combinational Logic (9 hrs) Adders- Half and Full adders- Subtractor- Four bit adder- Subtractor. Encoders,

Decoders, Multiplexers and Demultiplexers Sequential logic (17 hrs) Flip-flops, RS, Clocked RS, MSJK FF, DFF JK, T Flip-flop, Buffer registers- Shift



register-Counters- Binary ripple counter- BCD ripple counter- synchronous binary

counter-Decade counter. D/A converters (Ladder type), A/D Converter (Counter type).

Digital design- M Morris Mano PHI Ch. 4,5,6 and 7

Digital principles and applications 6th Edn. Malvino, Leach and Saha TMH Ch. 13

Reference: 1. Digital design- M Morris Mano PHI 2. Digital logic and computer design - M Morris Mano PHI 3. Digital Electronics- William H Gothmann PHI 4. Digital principles and applications 6th Edn. Malvino, Leach and Saha

TMH 5. Digital circuits and design- S Salivahanan and S Arivazhakan PHI 6. Digital Electronics- Sedha S Chand 7. Pulse, Digital and switching wave forms –Millam and Taub. 8. Digital computer electronics- Malvino, Brown TMH 9. Digital electronics- Tokheim(TMH)

BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark


2 Marks


4 Marks


12 Marks


Total 60

marks out of 100

Module I Number system 8 1 1 1 0 7

Module II Boolean algebra and digital design

20 3 4 2 2 43

Module III Combinational and sequential logic

26 4 5 3 2 50






PHY5DE -DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

PART A


1. Find the binary equivalent of the decimal 63.35.

2. What is Karnaugh map?

3. Write Boolean Laws.

4. Distinguish between Pairs and Quads.

5. Why do the letters R and S stand for in the term RS latch?

6. Why the NAND gate latch is considered active low?

7. What is the decade counter?

8. Differentiate between decoder and demultiplexer.

(8x1=8) PART B

Answer any six questions. Each question carries 2 marks 9. What is double dabble method. Explain with an example

10. Explain why NAND and NOR gates are called Universal gates.

11. Explain three variable Karnaugh map with examples.

12. Write on Product of Sum Method.

13. Draw logic symbol and truth tables of XOR and XNOR gates.

14. Describe the working of a decimal to BCD encoder and

15. Explain half adder system,

16. What is the primary difference between a JK and an RS Flip-flop?

17. Explain the operation of the Master-Slave Flip-flop?

18. Briefly explain Binary Ripple Counter?

(6x2=12) PART C


19. Convert the following hexa decimal numbers in to binary (i) 9123AD & (ii) 1256DE 20. Simplify the Boolean expression Y = + + + . 21. A three variable truth table has a high output for 000, 010,100 and 110

conditions. Draw its SOP circuit 22. Sketch a nibble multiplexer.

23. With suitable logic fig explain the functioning of a clocked D flip-flop. 24. Explain a Four-bit D/A ladder type converter?

(4x4=16) P.T.O



PART D Answer any two questions. Each question carries 12 marks

25 What are Boolean functions and its complement? Explain Duality theorem

with examples.

26. Explain methods of different methods of simplification of k map.

27.Write notes on the followings (i) 1 0f 16 decoders (ii) Full adder & (iii)

Four bit subtractor.

24. What is a Shift Register? Explain with the help of the waveform and logic

figure a Four- bit Serial In -Serial out Register to shift the number 0100 into

the Shift Register?

(2x12=24)



SEMESTER V

PHY5AA(O)- Amateur Astronomy Credits- 3 No. of contact hours:72

Scope: To help the students to comprehend the Cosmos and its origin and to develop

scientific aptitude.

Prerequisites: This course in intended mainly for the students of other disciplines.

So a secondary level knowledge of mathematics and physics is enough to study this

course. But an inquisitive mind and curiosity are essential from the part of a student.

Module 1 Observation of sky- 24 hrs

The tools of Astronomy- refractor and reflector- magnification. The advent of Radio

Astronomy. Hubble’s Telescope, The Worldwide Telescope (WWT), GMRT (India),

Telescopes of the future. Constellations (Ursa major, Crux, Orion). Equatorial

constellations- passage of sun through the zodiac. Classification of stars and galaxies.

Apparent and absolute magnitude.Celestial sphere- poles and equator- coordinate

systems- equatorial- equinoxes. Cosmic distance. Cepheids. Universe of galaxies.

Sidereal, apparent and mean solar time, seasons. Diurnal motion of sun- summer

solstice- winter solstice. Currently used calendars. International Date Line.

Architecture of the Universe (ch- 2, 5 & 12)- Necia H. Apfel & Allen

Hynek- The Benjamin Cummings publishing company, Inc.

Cosmic Vistas- A popular History of Astronomy (ch- 3)- Biman Basu- National Book Trust, India.

Joy of Starwatching (ch- 3, 8 &10)- Biman Basu- National Book Trust, India.

Module II Solar system and beyond – 24 hrs

The sun- solar atmosphere- sun spots- flares- prominences- coronal holes- solar

pulsations- the missing neutrinos. Earth- rotation- time keeping- revolution - orbital

changes. Moon- distance- Appolo misson-moon illusion- origin. Lunar and solar

eclipses. New moon and full moon.

Definition of a planet- terrestrial planets- mercury, venus, earth, mars. Giants of the



solar system- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Comparison of planets. Minor

members of solar system- Asteroids, comets. Distance to stars- parallax method.

Architecture of the Universe (ch- 2, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20)- Necia H.

Apfel & Allen Hynek- The Benjamin Cummings publishing company, Inc.

Module III Our universe – 24 hrs. Early models of universe- Earth at the centre- Aristotle- Ptolemy- a spinning earth-

unanswered questions- Sun at the centre- Copernican model. Planetary paths-

Kepler’s laws. Beyond the eye- Galileo and his observations - Starry messenger-

force of gravity. Milky Way- Cluster of galaxies.

Life cycle of a star- star clusters- stellar evolution- red giant- death of a

star-white dwarf- novae- super novae- neutron star- black hole. Doppler effect- radial

velocities of galaxies- expanding universe- age and size of universe. Big bang-

microwave radiation – detection of CMBR. Extraterrestrial Life, SETI (Search for

extra terrestrial intelligence).

Architecture of the Universe (ch- 3, 4, 8& 9)- Necia H. Apfel & Allen

Hynek- The Benjamin Cummings publishing company, Inc.

Chandrasekhar and his limit(ch- 2)- G. Venkataraman- Universities press.

Cosmic Vistas- A popular History of Astronomy(ch- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)- Biman Basu- National Book Trust, India.

References: 1. Astronomy: A Self-Teaching Guide, 7th Edition by

Dinah L. Moché. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. Astronomy: A Beginners Guide To The Universe, by Steve

Mcmillan Eric Chaisson. Publisher: Pearson Education.

3. 3Astronomy tutorial developed by Dept. Physics & Astronomy,

University of Tennessee, USA

4. URL: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/index.html

5. Understanding the Universe, James B. Seaborn, Springer

6. Elements of Cosmology, Jayant V. Narlikar, Universities Press

7. Introduction to Astrophysics. Baidyanath Basu:,Prentice-Hall of India

Pvt. Ltd

8. Astrophysics of the Solar System, K. D. Abhyankar ,Universities Press



9. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/

10. http://www.nineplanets.org/

For additional reading:

1. A Guide to the Night Sky - P. N. Shankar 2. Clusters Nebulae & Galaxies - P. N. Shankar 3. How to Build a Telescope - P. N. Shankar 4. Story of Astronomy - Uday Patil (All these books are available for free

download at the IUCAA website.URL: http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/~scipop/ebooks.html)

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Astronomy

BLUE PRINT

Module

Hours

72

1 Mark 10

questions

out of

10

2 Marks 8

questions

out of 12

4 Marks 6

questions

out of 9

15 Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total 80

marks

out of

130

I

Observation of

Sky

24 4 4 4 1 43

II

Solar system

and beyond

24 4 4 4 1 43

III

Our Universe 24 2 4 1 2 44





OPEN COURSE (PHYSICS)

PHY5AA(O) – AMATEUR ASTRONOMY


Part A


1. Define asterism.

2. Which are the minor members of the solar system?

3. Write a short note on solar flares?

4. Give an example for Novae.

5. What is meant by retrograde motion of planets?

6. What is a pulsar?

7. What are equinoxes?

8. What is International Date line?

9. What is the reason for the observation of different seasons in earth?

10. State Hubble’s law.

(10x1=10)

Part B

Answer any eight questions. Each question carries 2 marks.

11. Write short note on Hubble Space Telescope.

12. Explain the different types of constellations with examples.

13. Write short note on Cepheids.

14. What is the difference between a sidereal day and a solar day?

15. Distinguish between apparent and absolute magnitude.

16. Explain the term sunspots seen in the surface of the sun?

17. Why Venus is called the twin of earth?

18. What is Big Bang Theory? Give the evidences for the same.

19. Describe Kepler’s laws.

20. Write a note on expanding universe.

21. Explain star clusters.

22. Write on classification of stars.

(8x2=16)

P.T.O



Part C

Answer any six questions .Each question carries 4 marks

23. Write a short note on telescope.

24. Explain horizontal and equatorial co-ordinate systems.

25. Explain the observation of day and night and different seasons in earth?

26. Write short notes on solar and lunar eclipses.

27. “All planets except earth cannot have life in them”- Do you agree with the

statement? Justify your answer.

28. Discuss about the ring system in Saturn.

29. Discuss the internal structure of Sun. Also explain how energy is produced in

Sun.

30. Write a note on stellar evolution.

31. Explain celestial sphere?

(4x6=24)

Part D

Answer any two questions. Each question carries 15 marks.

32. Explain the classification of stars and galaxies.

33. Give a comparison of the eight planets in the solar system; emphasizing

atleast four of their features.

34. Discuss the features of Ptolemy’s model of the Universe and Copernican

model and their drawbacks.

35. Describe a) White dwarf b) Neutron Star c) Black hole.

(2x15=30)



SEMESTER V

PHYEES(O)– Open course

Energy and Environmental Studies Credits – 3 No. of contact hours – 72

Scope: The course creates concern among the students on energy conservation and

environmental protection.

Prerequisites: Basic knowledge in science.

Module I

Energy sources (14 hrs) World’s reserve of energy sources - various forms of energy - non- renewable energy

sources:- coal, oil, natural gas; merits and demerits - renewable energy sources:- solar

energy, biomass energy, biogas energy, wind energy, wave energy, tidal energy,

hydro energy, geothermal, fusion energy, hydrogen; merits and demerits - storage of

intermittently generated renewable energy (qualitative).

Renewable Energy sources; Their impact on Global Warming and Pollution, Tasneem Abbasi and S.A. Abbasi (PHI Pvt. Ltd)

Non- conventional energy resources D.S Chauhan and S.K Srivastava (New Age International)

Solar energy utilization (16 hrs) Sun as a source of energy - solar radiation - spectral distribution - flat plate collector-

solar water heating – different types of solar water heaters - solar pond - convective

and salt gradient types - optical concentrator - solar desalination - solar dryer – direct

and indirect type - solar cooker - direct and indirect type - solar heating of buildings -

solar green houses- solar photovoltaics - working principle.

Non-conventional Energy Sources- G.D. Rai (Khanna Publishers). Module II

Environmental pollution (20 hrs)

Basic concepts of ecology and environment - environmental pollution:-

primary and secondary pollutants, classification - environmental degradation (causes,

effects and control/treatment methods):- air pollution:- green house gases, global

warming, climatic effects, water pollution, soil pollution, groundwater pollution,

marine pollution, noise pollution, nuclear hazards - environmental pollution due to



environmental disasters.

Essential Environmental Studies S.P Misra, S.N Pandey (Ane Books Pvt Ltd)

Environmental Science: Principles and Practice- R.C. Das and D.K. Behera (PHI Pvt. Ltd)

Environmental chemistry and pollution control S.S Dara (S. Chand)

Module III

Environment impact assessment and control ( 8 hrs)

Basic ideas of environment impact assessment - environment ethics -

environmental laws and constitutional provisions to control pollutions in India:- the

general acts , water and air acts , environment protection acts.

Environmental Science: Principles and Practice- R.C. Das and D.K. Behera

(PHI Pvt. Ltd) Environmental Pollution - R K Khitoliya (S Chand) Essential Environmental Studies S.P Misra, S.N Pandey (Ane Books Pvt

Ltd) Waste management (14 hrs)

Waste minimization and resource conservation:- source reduction,

recycling , conservation and waste minimization - management of solid wastes

(management and handling):- hazardous solid waste, municipal solid wastes,

biomedical solid wastes - waste treatment and disposal methods:- physical, biological

and chemical process- biogas plant-moving dome type.

Environmental Science: Principles and Practice- R.C. Das and D.K. Behera (PHI Pvt. Ltd)

Environmental chemistry and pollution control S.S Dara (S. Chand) Biotechnology for waste and wastewater treatment- N.P. Cheremisinoff

(PHI Pvt. Ltd) Environmental management- B. Krishnamoorthy (PHI Pvt. Ltd)

References

1. Essential Environmental Studies S.P Misra, S.N Pandey (Ane Books Pvt Ltd)

2. Environmental Science G Tyler Miller (Cengage Learning) 3. Introduction to Environmental Science Y Anjaneyulu (B S Publications) 4. Introduction to Environmental engineering and science- G.M. Masters

and W.P. Ela(PHI Pvt. Ltd) 5. Environmental management- B. Krishnamoorthy (PHI Pvt. Ltd) 6. Solar energy- fundamentals and applications- H.P. Garg and J. Prakash

(Tata Mc Graw Hill). 7. Solar energy-fundamentals, design, modeling and applications- G.N.

Tiwari (Narosa Pub. House).



SEMESTER VI

PHY6CP - Computational Physics.

Credits – 4 (Theory 3+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54. Scope: This course is intended to give an insight to computer hardware

and computer applications.

Prerequisites: Basic mathematics and electronics

Module 1 Microprocessors (20 hrs ) Introduction to microprocessors- microprocessor operations (with relevance to

8085 microprocessor): 8085 bus organization-address bus- data bus- control bus,

internal data operations- 8085 registers- accumulator- flags- program counter-

stack pointer, externally initiated operations

The 8085 microprocessor architecture- pinout and signals- internal architecture of

8085 microprocessor

Machine language- assembly language- high level language.

Instruction cycle, machine cycle and T state- instruction format- addressing

modes. The 8085 instruction set- simple programmes for data transfer, addition

and subtraction.

Microprocessor architecture, programming and applications- Ramesh

S. Gaonkar (Penram Int. Pub.) Chapter.1,2,3,5,6,7

Module II Computer hardware (5 hrs) Characteristics of a computer- I/O devices- memory and storage devices- RAM, ROM, Primary and secondary memory

Fundamentals of Microprocessors and microcomputers- B. Ram (Dhanpat Rai Pub.),Chapter 1

Programming in C++ (17 hrs) Introduction- C++ programming basics- loops and decisions- basic ideas of

structures, arrays, functions, objects and classes

Object oriented programming in Turbo C++- Robert Lafore

(Galgotia Pub.) Chapter 1,2,3,4



Module III Numerical methods (12 hrs) Iteration principle- solution of algebraic and transcendental equations- bisection,

false position and Newton-Raphson methods- algorithms - numerical integration-

trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3 rule - algorithm- Numerical solution of

differential equation- Euler’s method and second order Runge-Kutta method-

algorithm. Computer oriented numerical methods using C++.

Computer oriented numerical methods. V Rajaraman 3rd Edn PHI,

Ch. 3,8&9

References

1. Microprocessor architecture, programming and applications-

Ramesh S. Gaonkar (Penram Int. Pub.)

2. Fundamentals of Microprocessors and microcomputers- B. Ram

(Dhanpat Rai Pub.)

3. Microcomputers and Microprocessors- John Uffenbeck (PHI Pub.)

4. Object oriented programming in Turbo C++ - Robert Lafore (Galgotia Pub.)

5. Programming with C++ - John R. Hubbard (Mc Graw Hill Pub.)

6. Numerical method- V. Rajaram (PHI Pub.)

7. Introductory methods of Numerical methods -S.S .Sastry (PHI Pub.)

8. Numerical method with computer programming in C++ - Ghosh (PHI Pub.)



BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark


2 Marks


4 Marks


12 Marks


Total 60

marks out of 100

Module I Microprocessor 20 3 4 3 1 35

Module II Programming in C++ 22 3 5 1 2 41

Module III Numerical Methods 12 2 1 2 1 24




B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION SEMESTER VI

CORE COURSE FOR PHYSICS PHY 6 CP – COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS


Part A


1.Explain the difference between a microprocessor and microcomputer.

2. What do you mean by cache memory?

3. Specify the two 8085 signals that are used to latch data in an output port.

4.What are keywords?

5. Give the fundamental data types in C+ +.

6. What are unitary operator?Give an example.

7. State Simpson’s rule for numerical integration.

8. Write an algorithm for Euler’s method.

(8x1 =8)

Part B


9.Explain dynamic debugging in 8085.

10. What are tri -state devices and why are they essential in a bus –oriented system.

11. Explain RAM.

12.What do you mean by multiplexed address/data bus?

13.What are escape sequence characters?

14. Explain the syntax of a switch statement.

15. State the difference between while and do-while loop.

16.What are library functions?

17. Write a C + + program to print the reverse of anumber.

18. Evaluate by Trapezoidal rule.

(6x2 =12)

Part C


19. Represent and explain the bus structure of microprocessor.

20. Show that the memory addressing capacity of a C P is given by 2n ,where n is the

number of address lines of the C P U.

21.What is meant by 2 address format,1 address format and 0 address format.

P.T.O



22. Differentiate array and a structure.

23. Find the real root of the equation f(x)=x3-x-1,using bisection method.

24. Using Runge-Kutta method of second order,find y(0.1) and y(0.2),given that.

-

= 1 + ,y(0)=2

(4x4 =16)

Part D


25. Explain 8085 microprocessor architecture with schematic diagram..

26. Explain the structure of a C++ program.

27. What do you mean by objects and classes?Write a program to illustrate the use of

objects.

28. By Newton –Raphson method obtain the solution for sinx-2x+1=0 .

(2x12 =24)



SEMESTER VI

PHY6NPP – Nuclear and Particle Physics

Credits – 4 (Theory 3+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54 Scope: This course intended to explore the interior of nucleus and interaction

between nucleons Prerequisites: Basic mathematics and quantum mechanics.

Module I

Nuclear structure & General properties of nuclei (15 hr) Classification of nuclei – Isotopes, Isobars, Isomers, Mirror nuclei. General

properties of nucleus – size, nuclear mass, density, charge, angular momentum,

nuclear magnetic dipole moments, electric quadrupole moment, Mass defect, B.E,

B.E. curve, packing fraction, nuclear stability. Theories of nuclear composition –

proton-electron hypothesis – proton-neutron hypothesis. Properties of Nuclear forces

– Meson theory of nuclear forces. Nuclear shell model. Determination of nuclear

mass by Bainbridge’s mass spectrograph. Detectors of nuclear radiations – ionisation

chamber - G.M Counter.

Modern Physics(Ch. 8)R. Murugeshan S.Chand Modern Physics(Ch.3)R. MurugeshanS.Chand Atomic and Nuclear Physics(Ch.2)S.N Ghoshal)S.Chand Modern Physics(Ch. 9)R. MurugeshanS.Chand

Module II Radioactivity (18 hr)

Natural radioactivity – Radioactive disintegration law – half life – Mean life

Radioactive series. Radioactive dating – Uranium dating & Carbon dating Range of

particles – range – energy relationship. Geiger – Nuttal law Alpha particle

disintegration energy Theory of - delay – Gamow’s theory β- decay - β ray energy

spectrum Neutrino hypothesis Positron emission, orbital electron capture (Basic

ideas only) γ decay – Internal conversion Electron positron pair production by γ

rays. Electron positron annihilation. Artificial radioactivity & Transuranic elements.

(Basic ideas only).

Atomic and Nuclear Physics (Ch.3) S.N Ghoshal S.chand.

Modern Physics (Ch. 11) R MurugesanS.Chand

Module III



Nuclear fission & Fusion (11 hr)

Discovery of nuclear fission – Fission products. Neutron emission in fission. Energy

release in fission. Nuclear fission on the basis of liquid drop model chain reaction –

Nuclear reactor – Breeder reactor Nuclear fusion Energy production in stars –

Proton-Proton cycle and Carbon - Nitrogen cycle Peaceful utilization fusion power

Controlled thermo nuclear reactions Toroidal confinement – Tokamak Nuclear waste

disposal and radiation hazards from nuclear explosion – radiation dosage.

Modern Physics (Ch. 13) R. Murugeshan.

Atomic and Nuclear Physics (Ch. 14) S.N Goshal

Elementary particles (10 hr)

Particles and antiparticles – Fundamental interactions in nature. Classification of

elementary particles according to nuclear interactions. Resonance particles

Elementary particle quantum numbers and conservation laws. The quark model –

compositions of hadron according to quark model. Cosmic rays – Primary and

secondary- lattitude effect- altitude effect- eastwest effect

Modern Physics (Ch. 18) S.N Ghoshal S.Chand

Atomic and Nuclear Physics (Ch. 15) R. Murugeshan S.Chand.

References:

1. Nuclear Physics Principles and Applications. Lilley, Pub. John. Wiley.

2. Nuclear and Particle Physics S L Kakani and Subhra Kakani -Viva

Books 2008.



BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark


2 Marks


4 Marks


12 Marks


Total 60

marks out of 100

Module I Nuclear structure & General Properties of Nuclei

15 1 3 2 1 27

Module II Radioactivity

18 3 3 2 1 29

Module III Nuclear Fission & Fusion

Elementary Particles

11

2 2 1 1 22

10

2 2 1 1 22





CORE COURSE FOR PHYSICS

PHY6NPP -NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

PART A


1. What are isotopes?

2. Give any four properties of β rays.

3. What is meant by activity of a radioactive sample?

4. What should be the minimum energy of a γ ray to produce pair production.

5. What is meant by radioactive tracer?

6. Define critical size.

7. What are hadrons?

8. What are gauge bosons?

(8x1=8)

PART B


9. What are magic numbers? Why are they called so?

10. What is GM counter?

11. Briefly explain angular momentum of nucleus.

12. State and Explain Geiger Nuttal law.

13. Mention different methods of interaction of γ rays with matter.

14. Explain the origin of continuous β ray spectrum.

15. What is Q value of a nuclear reaction?

16. Briefly explain toroidal confinement.

17. What are resonant particles?

18. What is meant by quark confinement?

(6x2=12)

PART C


19. Find the ratio of nuclear radii of Gold isotope (79Au197) and Silver isotope

(47Ag107).

20. Calculate the binding energy of α particle in MeV and in Joules.

P.T.O



21.0.5 g of a radioactive element disintegrates at the rate of 3.7×1010

disintegrations per second. Calculate its half life and mean life. Given the

atomic weight of the element is 226 g.

22. Calculate the weight in grams of one curie of Pb214 from its half life of 26.8

minutes.

23. Calculate the number of fissions required per second in Uranium to produce

1kW power assuming that the energy released per fission is 212 MeV.

24. Give the quark model of elementary particles.

(4x4=16)

PART D


25. Discuss the Shell model of nucleus.

26. Arrive at the law of successive radioactive decay. Hence obtain the condition

for transient equilibrium.

27. Bring out the nuclear radiation hazards and solutions.

28. Explain in detail the types of elementary particles.

(2x12=24)



SEMESTER VI

PHY6CMP –- Condensed Matter Physics

Credits – 4 (Theory 3+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54 Scope: This course is intended to provide an introduction to the physics of

Condensed Matter. This study attempts to explain various types of phenomena like

electro-magnetic properties, super-conductivity and super fluidity.

Prerequisites: Basics of Mathematics, quantum mechanics.

Module I

Crystal structure and Bonding (12 hrs)

Crystal Structure - Crystalline Matter - Bravias Lattice - Crystal Systems - Crystal

Planes - and Miller Indices - Lattice Constants - Reciprocal Lattice - Crystal

Structures - sc, bcc, fcc and hcp - Bragg’s Law - Experimental Methods of X-Ray

diffraction - Powder method.

Bonding in Solids - Ionic, Covalent, Van der Waal and Metallic Bonding

(qualitative) - Binding Energy in Crystals - Madelung Constant.

Free Electron Theory and Band Theory of Solids (15 hrs)

Free Electron theory in one dimension- Formation of Energy Bands-Bloch

Theorem (Statement) - Kronig Penney Model –Brillouin Zones (qualitative) –

Effective Mass-Carriers in Solids- Metals, Insulators and Semiconductors-Band

Structure-Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors- Electric Conductivity-

Temperature Dependence-Hall effect.

M. Elementary Solid State Physics: (Pearson) Chapter1,2,5&6,

Ali Omar

Solid State Physics, P.K. Palanisamy, Scitech publications

Chapter 1,2&6

Solid State Physics, S.Chand R.K Puri & V.K.Babber, Chapter

3&6.



Module II Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Solids (10Hrs) Review of Basic Equations - Dielectric Constant - Dipole Moment-Polarizability-

Clausius-Mosotti Relation- Ferrroelectricity - Classification of Magnetic Materials-

Langevin’s theory - Paramagmetism - Curie-Weiss Law- Curie temperature -

Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism – Magnetisation - Magnetic Domain

Structure – Spintronics - Spin Waves.

M. Elementary Solid State Physics: Ali Omar (Pearson)

Chapter 8& 9

Solid State Physics, P.K. Palanisamy, Scitech publications ,

Chapter 7&8

Solid State Physics, R.K Puri & V.K.Babber, S.Chand

Chapter8

Mircea.S.Rogalski & B.Palmer, Solid State Physics.

Chapter 8&9

Module III

Superconductivity (10 hr Zero resistance - Superconducting Phenomenon - Critical Temperature - Meissner

Effect-Type I& II Superconductors - BCS theory (qualitative) - London Equation -

Josephson Effect – SQUID - High Tc superconductors and applications.

Elementary Solid State Physics: Ali Omar (Pearson) Chapter 10

Solid State Physics, P.K. Palanisamy, Scitech publications , Chapter 10

Materials Science and Technology (7hrs) Amorphous Semiconductors - Liquid Crystals – Polymers - Thin films - Properties-

Crystalline Materials and Applications - Nanostructures and Nanometerials-

Applications.

Elementary Solid State Physics: Ali Omar (Pearson) Chapter 12 Thin film fundamentals, A.Goswami.New Age

International,2008. Chapter1

Nanostructures And Nanomaterials Synthesis, Properties, And

Applications, Guozhong Cao, Imperial College Press, 2004

Chapter 3 And 5



References:

1. Kittel, C. Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th edition (Wiley)

2. Ashcroft, N.W. & Mermin, N.D. Solid State Physics, TMH

3. Blakemore, J.S. Solid State Physics, 2nd edition (Cambridge)

4 C.L. Arora, Solid State Physics. S Chand.

5. S.O.Pillai, Solid State Physics. New Age International Pub.

6. Superconductivity, Superfluids and Condensate James F Annett Oxford

BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark


2 Marks


4 Marks


12 Marks


Total 60

marks out of 100

Module I Crystal structure and Bonding Free Electron Theory and Band Theory of Solids

12 2 2 1 1 22

15 2 3 2 1 28

Module II Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Solids

10 1 2 1 1 21

Module III Superconductivity Materials Science and Technology

10

1 2 1 1 21

7

2 1 1 - 8





CORE COURSE FOR PHYSICS

PHY6 CMP -CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

PART A


1. What is Bravais lattice?

2. Write a short note on Madelung constant.

3. Mention the major drawbacks of free electron model.

4. What is Hall effect?

5. Distinguish between ferromagnets and antiferromagnets.

6. What is Josephson effect?

7. What are liquid crystals?

8. Mention any two applications of nanomaterials.

(8x1=8)

PART B


9. What is a reciprocal lattice? Why is it called so?

10. State and explain Bragg’s law.

11. State Bloch theorem.

12. Explain how conductivity varies with temperature in metals and semiconductors.

13. Discuss the effect of temperature on Fermi – Dirac distribution function.

14. Obtain Gauss law in presence of a dielectric medium.

15. Explain the origin of diamagnetism.

16. Write a note on BCS theory of superconductivity.

17. Write down the London equations in superconductivity. What is their

significance?

18. State the properties of thin films.

(6x2=1)

PART C


19. A crystal plane makes intercepts : ,

,

. What are the Miller indices of the

plane?

P.T.O



20. The resistivity of a pure specimen of Ge at 300K is 0.47 ohm m and the electron

and hole mobilities are 0.38 and 0.18 m2/V –s. Calculate the number density of

temperature generated charge carriers.

21. An electric field of 100V/m is applied to a sample of semiconductor whose Hall

coefficient is 0.0125m3/coulomb. Determine the current density. Given the

electron mobility is 0.36m2/V -s

22. The dielectric constant of a medium is 4. The electric field in the dielectric is

106V/m. Calculate the electric displacement vector and polarization.

23. Lead in the superconducting state has critical temperature of 6.2k at zero

magnetic field and a critical field of 0.624 T at 0K. Determine the critical field at

4K.

24. What are liquid crystals? Discuss the different type of ordering in liquid crystals.

(4x4=16)

PART D


25. Explain the formation of ionic, covalent, metallic and van der Waal bonding.

26. Discuss the origin of energy bands in solids on the basis of Kronig – Penney

model. Hence distinguish between conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

27. What is paramagnetism? Discuss the Langevin’s theory of paramagnetism and

obtain the Curie’s law.

28. Discuss the effect of magnetic field of superconductors. Explain Meissner effect

and discuss how materials are classified based on this effect.

(2x12=24)



SEMESTER VI

PHY6RS - Relativity and Spectroscopy

Credits – 4 (Theory 3+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54 Scope: This course is intended to introduce principles of spectroscopy and special

theory of relativity.

Prerequisites: Basics courses in Mathematics and Quantum mechanics

Module I

Special Theory of Relativity.(18 hours) Inertial and non inertial frames of reference – Galilean transformation – Significance of Michelson – Morley experiment – postulates of STR- Lorentz transformation – spatial contraction - time dilation – composition of velocities – Mass of a moving particle – Equivalence of mass and energy – Introductory concepts of general theory of relativity

Concepts of modern Physics, Arthur Beiser

Classical Mechanics – K. Sankara Rao, Prentice Hall of India

Module II

Atomic spectroscopy (18 hours) Historical introduction. Electromagnetic spectrum. Types of spectra. Absorption and

emission of light by atoms- quantum theory- early atom models -Bohr model- –

electron spin and magnetic moment - Exclusion principle - Stern- Gerlach

experiment - Vector atom model - quantum numbers associated with vector atom

models- Total angular momentum and LS coupling– fine structure of Sodium D-

lines. Zeeman effect- quantum mechanical explanation for anomalous Zeeman effect

– Paschen– Back effect. NMR and ESR spectroscopy (qualitative ideas only) Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser; Tata McGraw-Hill Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, C. Banwell and E. Mccash;

TMH

Module III

Molecular Spectroscopy (18 hours) Molecular energy levels. Electronic, rotational and vibrational energies – rotational



spectra – explanation in terms of rigid rotator model – vibrational energy levels –

explanation in terms of harmonic oscillator.

Electronic energy levels of atoms – Fluorescence and phosphorescence - Raman

effect – experimental arrangement and results - classical theory and its failure –

quantum theory of Raman effect.

IR and Microwave spectroscopes.

Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, C. Banwell and E. Mccash; Tata McGraw-Hill

Molecular structure and Spectroscopy, G. Aruldhas, Prentice Hall of India

References:

1. Arthur Beiser; Concepts of modern Physics.

2. C. Banwell and E. Mccash; Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy.

3. G. Aruldhas; Molecular structure and Spectroscopy.

4. Classical Mechanics – K. Sankara Rao, Prentice Hall of India

BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark


2 Marks


4 Marks


12 Marks


Total 60

marks out of 100

Module I Special Theory of Relativity

18 2 4 3 1 34

Module II Atomic Spectroscopy

18 3 3 1 2 37

Module III Molecular Spectroscopy

18 3 3 2 1 29





B. Sc. PHYSICS –SIXTH SEMESTER


PHY6RS -RELATIVITY AND SPECTROSCOPY

PART A


1. Write the postulates of special theory of relativity.

2. Explain the relativity of simultaneity.

3. State Pauli’s Exclusion principle

4. What is Paschen Back effect?

5. Explain Phosphorescence.

6. What is NMR spectroscopy?

7. Give classification of molecules.

8. What are the components of Electromagnetic spectrum.

(8x1=8) PART B

Answer any six questions. Each question carries 2 marks)

9. Explain Mass energy equivalence.

10. Deduce the formula for relativistic variation of mass with velocity.

11. Derive Galilean transformation equations.

12. Write on addition of velocities.

13. Distinguish between L-S coupling and j-j coupling.

14. State and explain Larmor’s theorem.

15. Explain fine structure of Sodium D- lines

16. Why Classical description of Raman scattering is discarded.

17. Explain vibrational spectra for diatomic molecules.

18. How are the energy levels of Rotational Spectra distributed?

(6x2=12)

PART C Answer any four questions. Each question carries 4 marks

19. How fast a rocket have to go relative to an observer for its length to be

contracted to 99% of its length at rest? 20.A particle of rest mass m0 is moving with a velocity 0.9c. Calculate (a) its relativistic mass (b) its kinetic energy.

P.T.O



21. At what speed should a clock be moved so that it may appear to lose 1 minute in each hour? 22. Calculate the wave length separation between the unmodified line of wavelength 4000 A.U. and the modified lines when a magnetic induction of 2 Wbm-2 is applied , in Normal Zeeman effect 23.The first line in rotation spectrum of carbon monoxide has a frequency of 3.8424 cm-1 Calculate the rotational constant and hence the C-O bond length I n carbon monoxide. Avagadro number is 6.022x1023

. 24.In the near infra red spectrum of HCl molecule there is single intense band at

2885.9 cm-1. Assuming that it is due to the transition between vibrational levels, show that the force constant k is 480 Nm-1. Given MH= 1.68x10-27 Kg.

(4x4=16)

PART D

Answer any two questions. Each question carries 12 marks)

25. Derive Lorentz transformation equations. Explain Length contraction and time dilation.

26. Explain Vector Atom model.

27. Explain normal and anomalous Zeeman effect with quantum mechanical

explanation.

28. Explain Raman Scattering

(2x12=24)



SEMESTER VI

Choice Based Course

PHY6NN(C)– Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Credits – 4 No. of contact hours – 90 Scope: Today’s science and engineering disciplines are at a crossroad where they

can couple strongly with each other to give rise to new and emerging disciplines

such as, the field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. This field is truly

interdisciplinary in nature, and concerns with the fabrication and manipulations of

few atoms and molecules to form mesocpic structures with dimensions ranging

between 1-100 nm. In order to get a nano object to functions is necessary to

assemble the constituent atoms or molecules, perhaps into a large single molecule

such as a protein. These objects are of the size of a nanometer (10-9 m). The science

of nanometer scale objects is Nanoscience. The resulting technology is called

Nanotechnology. This introductory course is provided to get knowledge in

Nanoscience and nanotechnology. Prerequisites: Basics of Mathematics, quantum mechanics, semiconductor physics.

Module I

Basic Physical Properties of Nanostructures (11hrs) Structure - Size Dependence of Properties -Crystal Structures -Face-Centered Cubic

Nanoparticles -Tetrahedrally Bonded Semiconductor Structures -Lattice Vibrations -

Size Dependence of Properties -Energy Bands -Reciprocal Space-Effective Masses -

Fermi Surfaces -Insulators, Semiconductors, and Conductors -Energy Bands and

Gaps of Semiconductors -Localized Particles - Mobility –Excitons-Donors,

Acceptors, and Deep Traps.

Methods of Characterization (11hrs) Structure- Atomic Structures - Crystallography- Particle Size Determination- Surface

Structure-Microscopy-Transmission Electron Microscopy- Field Ion Microscopy-

Scanning Microscopy. Properties of Individual Nanoparticles (11hrs) Metal Nanoclusters -Magic Numbers -Geometric Structure -Electronic Structure -

Reactivity -Fluctuations -Magnetic Clusters -Bulk to Nanotransition-

Semiconducting Nanoparticles -Optical Properties -Photofragmentation -Coulombic

Explosion -Rare Gas and Molecular Clusters -Inert-Gas Clusters -Superfluid

Clusters -Molecular Clusters -Theoretical Modeling of Nanoparticles -Methods of

Synthesis -RF Plasma - Chemical Methods -Thermolysis -Pulsed Laser Methods.



Introduction to Nanotechnology, Charles P. Poole, Jr. and Frank J.

Owens, Wiley, 2003 Chapter 2,3 and 4

Module II Carbon Nanostructures (11hrs) Carbon Molecules -Nature of the Carbon Bond -New Carbon Structures-Carbon

Clusters -Small Carbon Clusters -Carbon Nanotubes -Fabrication -Structure -

Electrical Properties-Vibrational Properties-Mechanical Properties -Applications of Carbon

Nanotubes -Computers -Fuel Cells -Chemical Sensors-Catalysis -Mechanical

Reinforcement -Field Emission and Shielding.

Bulk Nanostructured Materials (11hrs) Solid Disordered Nanostructures -Methods of Synthesis -Failure Mechanisms of

Conventional Grain-Sized Materials -Mechanical Properties -Nanostructured

Multilayers -Electrical Properties-Porous Silicon -Metal Nanocluster Composite

Glasses -Nanostructured Crystals -Natural Nanocrystals -Crystals of Metal

Nanoparticles -Nanoparticle Lattices in Colloidal Suspensions -Photonic Crystals. Nanostructured Ferromagnetism (11hrs) Basics of Ferromagnetism -Dynamics of Nanomagnets -Nanopore Containment

of Magnetic Particles -Nanocarbon Ferromagnets -Ferrofluids -Effect of Bulk

Nanostructuring of Magnetic Properties -Giant and Colossal Magnetoresistance.

Introduction to Nanotechnology, Charles P. Poole, Jr. and Frank J.

Owens, Wiley, 2003 Chapter 5,6 and 7

Module III

Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots (12hrs) Preparation of Quantum Nanostructures -Size and Dimensionality Effects -Size

Effects -Potential Wells-Partial Confinement -Conduction Electrons and

Dimensionality -Fermi Gas and Density of States-properties Dependent on Density

of States -Excitons -Single-Electron Tunneling -Applications -Infrared Detectors -

Quantum Dot Lasers-Superconductivity. Nanomachines and Nanodevices (12hrs) Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMSs) -Nanoelectromechanical Systems

(NEMSs) -Fabrication Nanodevices and Nanomachines -Molecular and

Supramolecular Switches.

Introduction to Nanotechnology, Charles P. Poole, Jr. and Frank J. Owens, Wiley,2003 Chapter 9 and 13



References:

1. MEMS/NEMS ; micro electro mechanical systems/nano electro Mechanical systems Volume 1,Design Methods,, Cornelius T. Leondes, Springer, 2006.

2. Nano: the essentials, T. PRADEEP,TMH ,2007.

3. Nanoscale Materials ,Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Prashant V. Kamat,

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003

4. Nanoscience,Nanotechnologies and Nanophysics, C. Dupas, P.

Houdy and M. Lahmani,Springer-Verlag , 2007.

5. Nanotechnology 101, John Mongillo, Greenwood Press, 2007.

6. Semiconductor Nanostructure Optoelectronic Applications

Todd Steiner, ARTECH HOUSE, 200Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,

Victor E. Borisenko and Stefano Ossicini , WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2008.

8. Nanotechnology and Nano-Interface Controlled Electronic Devices,

Iwamoto,K. Kaneto,S. Mashiko Elsevier Science, Elsevier Science, 2003

9. S emiconductors for Micro and Nanotechnology—An Introduction for

Engineers Jan G. Korvink and Andreas Greiner, WILEY-VCH Verlag

,2002.



BLUE PRINT

Module

Hours

90

Marks

1

Marks

2

Marks

4

Marks

15

Total

80

10/10 8/12 6/10

2/4 80/134

I

33

3 2 2 2 45

II

33

5 5 4 1 46

III

24

2 3 3 1 35





B. Sc. PHYSICS –SIXTH SEMESTER

CHICE BASED COURSE (PHYSICS)

PHY6NN – NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY


Part A

Answer all questions (Each question carries 1 mark)

1. Define reciprocal lattice.

2. What are magic numbers in nano particle structure?

3. What are excitons?

4. Explain the nature of carbon bonds.

5. What are nanostructured multilayers?

6. What is ferromagnetism?

7. Write a method of synthesis of metal nanoprticles.

8. What are nanomagnets?

9. What is supramolecule?

10. Give an example of a property that depends on D(E).

(10x1=10)

Part B

Answer any eight questions (Each question carries 2 marks)

11. What are deep traps?

12. Write one method for fabrication of CNT.

13. What are ferrofluids?

14. Write down the features of carbon clusters.

15. What do you mean by nanopore containement of magnetism?

16. Draw the shape of absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles?

17. What is Fermi gas?

18. Write a note on superconducting nanostructures.

19. What is nanomedicine?

20. What is coulomb explosion?

21.

22.

(8x2=16)



P.T.O

Part C

Answer any six questions (Each question carries 4 marks)

23. Explain Fermi surface and Fermi energy.

24. Describe the modification in optical properties of semiconducting

nanoparticles compared to their bulk counterpart.

25. Explain how can CNT be used in fuel cell?

26. What is surface Plasmon?

27. Compare GMR and CMR.

28. Explain the features of porous silicon.

29. What are NEMS.

30. What are nanomachines?

31. What are Single Electron Transistors? Give an example of its application.

32.

(6x4=24)

Part D

Answer any two questions (Each question carries 15 marks)

33. Write an essay on the following synthesis methods for nano particles a)

RF Plasma b) Chemical methods c) Pulsed laser techniques.

34. Using suitable diagrams, illustrate a) TEM b) SEM c) Field Ion

microscopy.

35. Write an essay on electrical, mechanical and vibrational properties of

carbon nanotubes.

36. Compare Q-dots, Q-wires, Q-well and bulk semiconductors with respect

to their E-k diagrams, density of states and number of electrons per unit

cell. Write down two applications of Quantum confined structures.

(15x2=30)



SEMESTER VI

Choice Based course:

PHY6AA(C)– Astronomy and Astrophysics Credits –3 No. of contact hours – 90 Scope: A good introduction to the basics of astronomy and astrophysics will be

given in the course. It is expected that some of the students will opt for this

specialization for their post graduation. Prerequisites: This is a specialized course. Students are supposed to have attended

basic courses on thermal physics, statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics prior

to this course.

Module I Introduction to observational astronomy (30 hours) Celestial sphere. Constellations and nomenclature of stars. The cardinal points and

circles on the celestial sphere. Equatorial. ecliptic and galactic system of co-

ordinates. Aspects of sky from different places on the earth. Sidereal, Apparent and

Mean solar time and their relations. Equation of time. Ephemeris and Atomic Times.

Calendar. Julian date and heliocentric correction. Introduction to telescopes.

Amateur Refracting telescopes and their design. Newtonian reflectors, Cassegrain

telescopes. Telescope mounts - equatorial and alt-azimuth, telescope drives.

Distances of stars from parallaxes. Stellar motions. Magnitude scale and magnitude

systems. Black-body approximation to the continuous radiation and temperatures of

stars. Variable stars as distance indicators World Book Encyclopedia of Science, Volume. 1

Textbook of Astronomy and Astrophysics with Elements of

Cosmology, V. B. Bhatia, Narosa Publishing House.

Exploring the Night Sky with Binoculars, Patrick Moore, Cambridge

University Press.

Module II Stars (30 hours) Sun –internal structure and atmosphere- photosphere- sunspots - chromospheres –

corona –solar flares –prominences. Stellar structure - hydrostatic equilibrium-

structure equations - energy sources - energy transport. Types of stars –

classification and HR diagram.

Formation - Interstellar dust and gas – Jeans’ mass - formation of protostars –



evolution of planetary systems with special reference to Sun -Pre-main sequence

evolution; nuclear fusion. P-P chain and CNO cycle. Energy production in

massive stars. Evolution on the main sequence - Late stages of evolution. Fate of

massive stars, supernovae - White dwarfs - Chandrasekhar limit - Neutron stars –

Pulsars – Black holes Astrophysics: Stars and galaxies, K. D. Abhyankar, Tata McGraw Hill

The Physics of Stars, A.C. Philips, Wiley

Module III

Galaxies and the expanding Universe (30 hours) Galaxies-their morphology and classification. Cepheid variables and distance

measurements. Origin and evolution of Galaxies. Large scale structure of the

universe – isotropy and homogeneity. Expanding universe – Doppler effect – red

shift – distance scale –Hubble law. Standard Big bang theory , cosmic microwave

background and its discovery ; early universe – nucleosynthesis in early universe –

inflationary model of the universe – age of the universe and its determination.

Introduction to Cosmology, J. V. Narlikar, Cambridge

University Press. Particle Astrophysics, Donald Perkins,

Oxford

Astrophysics: Stars and galaxies, K. D. Abhyankar, Tata

McGraw Hill

References:

1. Baidyanath basu, An Introduction to Astrophysics. PHI

2. James B. Seaborn, Understanding the Universe, Springer

3. The Physical Universe – An Introduction to Astronomy – Frank H.

Shu-University

Science Books.

4. The First Three Minutes. Steven Weinberg



SEMESTER VI Choice Based Course

PHY6IT(C)– Information Technology

Credits – 3 No. of contact hours – 90 Scope: To learn about the fascinating world of information technology and to use the

tools available in Internet and the World Wide Web for a deep study of the subjects

related to physics in better way by the students themselves.

Prerequisites: Awareness of basic computer operations.

Module – I (32 hrs)

Information And Its Use : Information Technology – Quality of information –

Message transmission – Electronic Office – E mail – Document storage –

Computers in Industry – Different types – Graphical user interface

“Information Technology – The Breaking Wave”, D.Curtin, K.Sen and K.Morin, Tata

McGraw Hill, 1999. Chapter – 1, 2

Computer Networks: Importance of Networks. Components of Networks.

Classification of Networks: Broad cast networks-Switched networks. Switching

Techniques. Types of Networks – LAN – MAN – WAN. Networking Models – OSI

reference model – TCP/IP reference model-Comparison between the OSI and

TCP/IP models. Network Topology – Bus-Star-Ring-Tree-Mesh-Cellular. Network

Architecture – Client/Server, Peer-to-Peer

Computer Networks – A.S. Tanenbaum - Prentice Hall of

India, Chapter - 1

Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha 3rd Edn. BPB

Publications, Chapter – 17 THE INTERNET: Internet Protocols – Internet Protocol (IP)-Transmission Control

Protocol (TCP) -Internet Address – Structure of Internet Servers Address-Address

Space-Internet Infrastructure -Services on Internet – Domain Name System-SMTP

and Electronic mail – Http and World Wide Web-Usenet and News groups-FTP-

Telnet-Network Security – Ideas of secret key Algorithms and Public key



Algorithms-Digital Signature-E-mail Privacy-Internet Tools – Search Engines-Web

browsers- Internet explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox(Working

Knowledge) Computer Networks – A.S. Tanenbaum – PHI, Chapter – 5,6,7 Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha 3rd Edn. BPB Publications, Chapter

– 18

Module – II (32 hrs) THE HTML: What is HTML? Basic Tags of HTML – HTML-TITLE-BODY -

Starting an HTML document – The <!DOCTYPE>declaration-setting boundaries

with <HTML>-the HEAD element-the BODY element-the STYLE element and the

SCRIPT element. -Formatting of text– Headers-Formatting Tags-PRE tag-FONT

tag-Special Characters. Working with Images-META tag -Links – Anchor Tag -

Lists – Unordered Lists-Ordered Lists-Definition Lists -Tables – TABLE, TR and

TD Tags-Cell Spacing and Cell Padding-Colspan and Rowspan -Frames –

Frameset-FRAME Tag-NOFRAMES Tag - Forms – FORM and INPUT Tag-Text

Box-Radio Button-Checkbox-SELECT Tag and Pull Down Lists-Hidden-Submit

and Reset -Some Special Tags–COLGROUP-THREAD,TBODY-TFOOT-_blank-

_self,_parent-_top-IRFRAME-LABEL-Attribute for <SELECT>- TEXTAREA HTML4 – 2nd Edn. Rick Darnell, Techmedia, Chapter – 1, 2,3,4,5

Module – III (26 hrs) Basic Idea of DBMS: Need for Data Base – Database Systems versus File systems -

View of Data - Data Abstraction-Instances and Schemas - Data Models – ER Model-

Relational Model-Network Model-Hierarchical Model (general ideas) -Basic ideas

about Structured Query Language

Fundaments of Database System – Elmasri, Ramez and Navathe Shamkant B. 4th Edn. Person Education, India, 2004. Chapter – 1

MS – OFFICE/OPEN OFFICE (Working Knowledge): Word processors –

PowerPoint -

Spreadsheets – Databases

(No specific text book is preferred. MS office (97, 98, 2000, /Open Office which is

installed in the lab can be used. Working practice must be given) Reference:

1. “Information Technology – The Breaking Wave”, D.Curtin, K.Sen

and K.Morin, Tata McGraw Hill, 1999.

2. Computer Networks – A.S. Tanenbaum - Prentice Hall of India

3. Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha 3rd Edn. BPB Publications

4. Internet and World Wide Web – Deitel



5. HTML4 – 2nd Edn. Rick Darnell, Techmedia 6. Database System Concepts – Silberschatz-Korth-Sudarshan 4th

Edn – Tata Mac Graw Hill

7. “Information Technology and systems”, Green, B.C., Longman

Scientific & Technical Publishers, England, 1994.

8. Networks – Tirothy S. Ramteke – 2nd Edn. Pearson Edn – New Delhi, 2004

9. Data and Computer Communucation, William Stalling, PHI, New Delhi.

10. Mastering HTML4 – Ray D.S. and Ray E.J. – BPB

11. HTML – The Complete Reference – Tata Mc Graw Hill 12. Fundaments of Database System – Elmasri, Ramez and Navathe

Shamkant B. 4th Edn.v Pearson Education, India, 2004.



Choice Based Course

SEMESTER VI

PHY6RET(C)– Renewable Energy Technology. Credits – 3 No. of contact hours – 90 Scope: This course is designed to make the students aware of challenging energy

crisis and alternative energy solutions.

Prerequisites: Concepts of work- power- energy, heat energy- Modes of energy

transfer- Heat engines, Concepts of Physical optics, Fundamental of Electricity.

Module I

Introduction to Energy Sources (6 hours) Energy consumption as a measure of Prosperity – World energy futures – Energy

sources and their availability – New energy technologies – Renewable energy

sources

Non-conventional Sources of Energy - G D Rai Chapter 1 Solar Energy (20 hours) Solar radiation geometry – Solar radiation measurements – Principles of the

conversion of solar radiation in to heat – Flat plate collectors – Energy balance

equation and collector efficiency – Concentrating collector: Focusing type –

Performance analysis of a parabolic collector – Selective absorber coatings – Solar

energy storage systems – Solar pond – Principle of operation and extraction of

thermal energy – Solar heating and solar cooling of buildings – Solar electric power

generation: Solar photo-voltaic cells Non-conventional Sources of Energy - G D Rai Chapters 2,3,4&5

Module II

Wind Energy (14 hours) Basic principles of wind energy conversion – site selection considerations –

Classification of wind energy conversion systems – types of wind machines –

Performance analysis of wind machines – Schemes for electric generation –



Applications of wind energy – Environmental aspects. Non-conventional Sources of Energy - G D Rai Chapter 6

Geothermal Energy (14 hours) Nature of geothermal fields - Geothermal resources – Hot dry rock resources –

Magma resources – Geothermal exploration – Advantages and disadvantages of

geothermal energy – Applications of geothermal energy – Operational and

environmental problems. Non-conventional Sources of Energy - G D Rai Chapter 8

Energy from Biomass (11 hours) Biomass conversion technologies – Biomass as a source of energy – Energy plantation

– Methods for obtaining energy from biomass – Biogas generation – Biodegradation –

Biogas plants – Biogas from waste – Community biogas plants – Thermal gasification

of biomass.

Non-conventional Sources of Energy - G D Rai Chapter 7

Module III Energy from the Oceans (15 hours) Ocean thermal electric conversion (OTEC) – Introduction – Open cycle OTEC

system – Closed cycle OTEC system – Hybrid cycle – Prospects of OTEC in India.

Energy from Tides – Basic principle of tidal power – Operation methods of

utilization of tidal energy – Single cycle and double cycle systems – Advantages and

limitations of tidal power generation - Prospects of tidal energy in India.

Ocean waves – Energy and power from the waves – Wave energy conversion

devices - Advantages and limitations of wave energy.

Non-conventional Sources of Energy - G D Rai Chapter 9 Energy storage (10 hours) Fuel cells – Design and principle of operation of a fuel cell – Classification of fuel

cells– Conversion efficiency of fuel cells – Applications of fuel cells.

Non-conventional Sources of Energy - G D Rai Chapter 10 Hydrogen energy – Hydrogen production (Electrolysis, thermochemical methods)

– Hydrogen storage – hydrogen as an alternative fuel for motor vehicles.

Non-conventional Sources of Energy - G D Rai Chapter 11



References: 1. Non – Conventional Energy Sources: G D Rai (Khanna Publishers) 2. Renewable Energy Technologies : Solanki C S (Prentice-hall Of India Pvt Ltd) 3. Renewable Energy Sources & Their Environmetal Impact : Abbasi

(Prentice-hall of India Pvt Ltd) 4. Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable

Development N.S.Rathore N.L.Panwar (New India

Publishing Agency) 5. Renewable Energy : Ulrich Laumanns And Dieter Uh Dirk Abmann

(James & James Science Publishers) 6. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems : Volker Quaschning (James &

James Science Publishers) 7. Renewable Energy: Global Perspectives : Azmal Hussain (Icfai University

Press) 8. New And Renewable Energy Technologies For Sustainable Development :

Naim Hamdia Afgan, Da Graca Carvalho Maria, Maria Da Graca

Carvalho (Taylor & Francis Group) 9. Renewable Energy from the Ocean : Avery, William H.; Wu, Chih;

Craven, John P. (Oxford University Press) 10. Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Systems : Mukherjee D (New

Age International (p) Limited) 11. Renewable Energy Sources & Emerging Tech., : Kothari D P (Prentice-

hall Of India Pvt Ltd) 12. Energy From Biomass : Willeke Palz, D. Pirrwitz (Springer) 13. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems : Volker Quaschning (James &

James Science Publishers)

14. Ocean, Tidal, And Wave Energy: Power From The Sea : Lynn Peppas

(Crabtree Publishing Company) 15. Fuel Cells, Geothermal Energy And Tidal Power: Emerging Scenario In

Alternate Energy : Sameer A Zodgekar (Icfai University Press)



SEMESTER VI

Choice Based Course

PHY6OE(C)– Optoelectronics

Credits – 3 No. of contact hours – 90 Scope: This century is going to be the century of Optoelectronics or Photonics – the

light wave technology. Today we have optical technologies replacing electronic

memories, amplifiers etc. These enable high speed computing. Hence no Physics

student can avoid this latest field of science and technology.

Prerequisites: Basic concepts of Optics, Quantum Mechanics, Electronics and Solid

State Physics.

Module I

Optoelectronic Fundamentals Introduction to Photonics (12 hrs) Optical radiation and light- Luminescence and Radiation-Radiation source

parameters– Receiver parameters (1.1.1, 1.1.2,1.1.4 &1.1.5 of Ref.1)-Photometric

and Radiometric terms and units- Inverse square law – verification by photometer-

comparison of efficiency of light sources available in the market and recommended

values of illumination for various activities (General awareness)

Text book of Optics- Brijlal, Subramoniam, S Chand & Co Ch.6

Introduction to Photonics – electrons Vs photons – Electronics Vs Optics

Photonics (1.1 to 1.3 of Ref.3)- Photonics and light technology and applications-

introduction

Photonics, Ralf Menzel, Springer 1.2 to 1.5 Properties of Photons (2.1 of Ref.4)-

Photonics, Ralf Menzel, Springer 2.1 Gausian beams – beam characteristics and parameters

Photonics, Ralf Menzel, Springer 2.4 Light Characteristics – Power, energy, peak power, beam radius, intensity,

divergence, beam quality, brightness, brilliance, radiation pressure, optical levitation

Photonics, Ralf Menzel, Springer 2.7

Optical process in semiconductors (16 hrs)



Electron hole pair formation and recombination. Radiative and non radiative

recombination. Absorption in semiconductors – indirect transitions, exciton

absorption, donor- acceptor band impurity band absorption. Long wavelength

absorption. Franz Keldysh and Stark effect. Radiation in semiconductors. Stokes

shift in optical transitions. Deep level transitions, Auger recombination.

Semiconductor optoelectronic devices – Pallab Bhattacharya PHI Ch.3

Module II Optical Devices Radiation sources (12hrs) LED –Principle –characteristics (V-I & light – current)–materials-efficiencies-

LED structures- hetero junction and edge emitting LED-. Applications

&advantages.

Semiconductor lasers – Homo junction and hetero junction and Quantum well lasers

– Principle -Optical and carrier confinement Photodetectors (12hrs) Introduction- Classification of detectors- Qualitative idea of each type- Photo

detector parameters – Noise mechanisms

Optoelectronic Engineering S.N. Biswass, Dhanpat Rai Publications Ch.4, Photonics Elements and Devices, V. V. Rampal , Wheeler Publishing

Co Ch.5.3 Principle and operation of Photodiode, APD, Phototransistor, PIN photodiode- opto

isolators Solar cells (6 hrs) Principle-. V-I characteristics- Fill factor – conversion efficiency (Qualitative

study)-Hetero junction solar cells.

(Semiconductor optoelectronic devices – Pallab Bhattacharya PHI Ch.10 Optoelectronic Engineering S.N. Biswass, Dhanpat Rai Publications Ch.6

Module III

Optical Communication Introduction (5hrs) Introduction to Optical communication- Historical perspective- Advantages and

disadvantages of optical communication links in comparison with radio and

microwave system and with guided systems- measurement of information and the

capacity of telecommunication channel- Communication system architecture- basic

optical communication system – Definition of attenuation, pulse duration and band



width.

Optical communication system- John Gowar , Prentice Hall of India Ch. 1

Optical Modulation. (15hrs) Direct modulation of LED and diode laser. Digital and analog modulation of LED

and diode laser. External modulation. Birefringence, Pockel effect , phase

modulation. Wave guide modulators . Electro-optic , Magneto- optic and acousto-

optic modulators. Bipolar controller modulator.

Optoelectronic Engineering S.N. Biswass, Dhanpat Rai Publications Optoelectronics- Jasprit Singh

Optical Electronics – Ajoy Ghatak and K Thyagarajan Cambridge Fibre optic communication (12hrs) Introduction to Optical fibres and fibre optic communication

Optical fibres and fibre optic communication systems, Subir Kumar Sarkar, S.Chand & Co Ch.1

Fibre Optic Communication, D.C.Agarwal, Wheeler Publishing Ch.1.1

to1.3

Types of optical fibres- Numerical aperture- Fibre bundles, cables- strength-fibre

optical properties- Fibre materials – Classification of fibres – Step index and

graded index- mono mode and multi mode fibres –plastic fibres-latest developed

fibres - Fibre loses.

Optical fibres and fibre optic communication systems, Subir Kumar Sarkar, S.Chand & Co Ch.2,3

References:

1. Optoelectronic Engineering S.N. Biswass, Dhanpat Rai Publications 2. A Text book of Optics- Brijlal, Subramoniam, S Chand & Co 3. Photonics Elements and Devices, V. V. Rampal , Wheeler Publishing Co 4. Photonics, Ralf Menzel, Springer 5. Semiconductor optoelectronic devices – Pallab Bhattacharya PHI 6. Optoelectronics- Wilson and Hawkes 7. Optoelectronics- Jasprit Singh. 8. Semiconductor Physics and Devices – Donald A Neamen, Tata McGraw-

Hill 9. Optical communication system- John Gowar , Prentice Hall of India 10. Optical Electronics – Ajoy Ghatak and K Thyagarajan Cambridge 11. Optical fibres and fibre optic communication systems, Subir Kumar

Sarkar, S.Chand & Co 12. Semiconductor Physics and Optoelectronis, V. Rajendran et al, Vikas

Publishing House 13. Fibre Optic Communication, D.C.Agarwal, Wheeler Publishing 14. Physics of Semiconductor devices, Dilip K Roy, University Press. 15. Physics of Semiconductor devices, S M Sze, Wiley Eastern Limited.

BSc Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College ( Autonomous) , Ernakulam.


SYLLABUS FOR PRACTICAL – CORE COURSES I & II SEMESTER

A minimum of 8 experiments should be done in each practical course component

Practical exams will be conducted only in even semesters.

PAPER I

PHY2MPM(P1) – MECHANICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

SEMESTER I

Sl.No: Experiments 1.

Vernier Calipers- Volume of a cylinder, sphere and a hollocylinder

2. Screw gauge - Volume of a sphere and a glass plate 3. Spherometer- Thickness of a glass plate, radius of curvature of a

convex surface and a concave surface 4. Beam balance- Mass of a solid (sensibility method), radius

measurement of capillary tube using mercury 5. Travelling microscope - Radius of a capillary tube 6. Multimeter-Measurement of resistance, potential difference,

current 7. Multimeter-Checking of capacitor ,diode ,inductance and transistor 8. Identification of electronic components- Coil, capacitor,

resistor, transistor, triac, diac, I C’s 741,555 etc.

9. Viscosity of a liquid - Variable pressure head 10. Spectrometer- Angle of prism

SEMESTER II Sl.No: Experiments

1. Cantilever- pin & microscope –Determination of Young’s modulus

2. Carey Foster’s Bridge-Measurement of resistivity \

3. Symmetric Compound Pendulum-Determination of radius of

gyration(K) and Acceleration due to gravity (g)

4. Surface tension - Capillary rise method

5. Half wave rectifier with and without filter-ripple factor and load regulation

6. Conversion of Galvanometer into voltmeter

7. Viscosity-constant pressure head- coefficient of viscosity (η) of the liquid

8. Spectrometer- Refractive Index of material of Prism

9. Field along the axis of a coil-Variation of magnetic field along

the axis of a circular coil.

10. Electro chemical equivalent of copper



Scheme of valuation.

Division Maximum Marks- 40

Principle, formula with symbols explained, connection diagram, ray diagram, brief procedure etc.

12

Candidates skill in setting the apparatus and taking accurate readings 10

Presentation of data neatly in tables (with units) , number of repetitions, graphs etc

12

Correct substitutions and arriving at the correct answer, result with proper units. If no unit deduct 1 mark

6

Marks of divisions can be changed according to the decision of chairman.



ST.TERESA’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), ERNAKULAM

B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) PRACTICAL EXAMINATION.

B. Sc. PHYSICS – FIRST YEAR.

CORE PRACTICALS

PHY2MPM(P1) – MECHANICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER


Instructions:

1. Write the register number on the top of the additional sheet.

2. Copy the question marked X into the additional sheet.

3. No change in questions shall be allowed.

4. Write a brief procedure for the above question with necessary ( a) principle , formula, with symbols

explained ( b) connection diagrams, ray diagrams etc in cases where they are required

(c) rough sketch of graphs if required and show calculations if any required are done with the

help of graphs.

5. Return the additional sheet within 20 minutes.

6. Start doing the experiment after filling the details such as your register number in the main sheet

7. Ensures that examiners have checked your reading before you wind up the experiment. Record your

observations in ink.

8. Write the units of the quantities in the top row of tabular column.

9. Show neatly the substitutions and calculations.

10. After completing the experiment, write the result with unit.

1. Determine the Young’s modulus of the material of a cantilever by measuring the

depression at the loaded end using pin and microscope.

2. Find the current sensitivity and resistance of a given pointer type galvanometer. Convert

the galvanometer into a voltmeter to read 2 mV/ sd. And calibrate it using a standard

digital multimeter.

P.T.O



3. Determine the acceleration due to gravity at a place using symmetric compound

pendulum. Also find radius of gyration about its centre of gravity.


pendulum.

5. Using Carey Foster’s bridge determine the resistivity of the material of the given wire.

6. Determine the surface tension of the liquid by measuring its capillary rise and the radius

of the capillary tube using a microscope.

7. Graphically study the variation of magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil carrying

current using a compass box.

8. Find earth’s horizontal component of flux density at the place by studying the variation of

the magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current.

9. Construct a half wave rectifier using diodes with and without filter. Determine its ripple

factor and load regulation in both cases.

10. Determine the refractive index of the material of the given prism using spectrometer by

measuring angle of minimum deviation and angle of the prism.

11. Determine the radius of curvature of the given convex surface using spheremoter. Also

find the thickness of the given glass plate and verify it with screw gauge.

12. Find the sensibility of a balance and hence the mass of the given body correct to a

milligram.

13. Determine the viscosity of the given liquid using variable pressure head arrangement.

Measure the radius of the capillary tube using microscope.



III & IV SEMESTER



PAPER II

PHY4PC(P2) - PHYSICS PRACTICAL

SEMESTER III

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Cantilever – Scale and Telescope-Determination of Young’s modulus

2 Carey Foster’s Bridge-Temperature coefficient

3 Asymmetric Compound Pendulum-Determination of K and g

4 Spectrometer-refractive index of a liquid –Hollow prism 5 Diode Characteristics

6 Potentiometer-Measurement of resistivity

7 Transistor characteristics- CE configuration,

8 Gates AND,OR,NOT- Verification of Truth Table

9 Torsion pendulum - Rigidity modulus 10

Full wave rectifier using diode – Ripple factor and load regulation

SEMESTER IV

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Non-uniform bending- Pin and Microscope method

2 Thermal conductivity of bad conductor- Lee’s Disc

3 Bridge rectifier with filter and without filter- Ripple factor and

load regulation.

4 Spectrometer-prism- i-d curve

5 Potentiometer-Calibration of low range voltmeter

6 Searle’s Vibration Magnetometer-Magnetic moment

7 Transistor Characteristics - CB configuration

8 Diode clamper- Positive and negative

9 Study of UJT characteristics

10 Sweep generator using transistor






12



12


6






B. Sc. PHYSICS– SECOND YEAR

PHY4PC(P2) CORE PHYSICS PRACTICAL


Instructions:

i. Write the register number on the top of the additional sheet

ii. Copy the question marked X into the additional sheet.

iii. No change in questions shall be allowed.

iv. Write a brief procedure for the above question with necessary ( a) principle , formula, with symbols


v. rough sketch of graphs if required and show calculations if any required are done with the help of graphs

vi. Return the additional sheet within 20 minutes.

vii. Start doing the experiment after filling the details such as your register number in the main sheet

viii. Ensures that examiners have checked your reading before you wind up the experiment. Record your

observations in ink

ix. Write the units of the quantities in the top row of tabular column.

x. Show neatly the substitutions and calculations.

xi. After completing the experiment, write the result with unit

1. Determine the Young’s modulus of the material of the given bar by measuring the

depression at the free end of the bar, using it as a cantilever. Mirror, scale and telescope

are given.

2. Verify the relation between length and the depression the free end of the bar, using it as a

cantilever. Hence calculate the Young’s modulus of the material of the bar. Mirror, scale

and telescope are given.


elevation at the centre of the bar. Pin, scale and microscope are given.

4. Using the asymmetrical compound pendulum, determine the radius of gyration about the

centre of gravity of the bar. Hence calculate the acceleration due to gravity.



5. Determine acceleration due to gravity at the place using asymmetrical compound

pendulum

6. Determine the refractive index of the given liquid using spectrometer and hollow prism

by measuring the angle of minimum deviation and angle of the prism.

7. By measuring deviations for different angle of incidence, determine the refractive index

of the material of the prism using spectrometer.

8. Draw the V-I characteristics of the given pn junction diode and hence (i) calculate the

dynamic and static resistances (ii) determine the knee voltage.

9. Determine the resistance of the given wire using potentiometer by comparing it with a

known resistor and hence find out the resistivity of the material of the wire.

10. Compare the resistivities of two given wires using potentiometer.

11. Construct a diode full wave rectifier using diodes with and without filter. Determine its

ripple factor and load regulation in both the cases.

12. Construct a bridge rectifier using diodes with and without filter. Determine its ripple

factor and load regulation in both the cases.

13. Standardize the potentiometer for a fall of 0.1V/m using a Daniel cell and hence

calibrate the given low range voltmeter. Also draw the calibration graph.

14. Standardize the potentiometer using a Daniel cell and hence calibrate the given low

range voltmeter. Also draw the calibration graph.

15. Study the characteristics of the given transistor in common base configuration and

calculate its parameter.

16. Determine the rigidity modulus of the material of the given wire using torsion pendulum.

17. Verify the relation between the length and time period of the torsion pendulum and hence

determine the rigidity modulus of the material of the given wire.

18. Construct AND, OR and NOT gates and verify truth tables in each case.

19. Design a sweep generator off state and study the output waveform.

20. Design a sweep generator on state and study the output waveform.

21. Construct positive and negative clippers and compare input and output waveforms in

each case.

22. Determine the coefficient of conductivity of bad conductor using Lees Disc.



V & VI SEMESTER



PAPER III PHY4PC(P2) - PHYSICS PRACTICAL

SEMESTER V

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Fly Wheel – Moment of Inertia

2 Uniform bending – Young’s Modulus-Optic lever method

3 Static torsion- Rigidity modulus

4 Viscosity- Stoke’s method 5 Viscosity- Searle’s rotation viscometer method .

6 Thermal conductivity of rubber

7 Melde’s String – Measurement frequency

8 Sonometer – Verification of laws, Measurement of density of solid

9 A.C Sonometer- Frequency of a.c. 10 Liquid Lens- Refractive index of Liquid

SEMESTER VI

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Young’s Modulus –Koenig’s method

2 Torsion pendulum- n and I - using two identical masses

3 Spectrometer- Small angled prism-Refractive index of

material of prism (Supplementary angle method)

4 Field along the axis of circular coil-Moment of magnet (null method)

5 Kater’s pendulum-g

6 Kundt’s tube- Velocity of sound

7 Sp.heat of liquid –Newton’s law of cooling

8 Computer programming – Simple Pendulum –Calculation of ‘g’ from experimental data

9 Computer programming – Solving differential equation - Rungekutta method – II order.

10 Computer programming – Multiplication of any two matrices- (m x n) and (n x q)



Scheme of valuation for third year General Experiments



12



12


6

Electronic Experiment


Principle, formula with symbols explained, designing, connection diagram, brief procedure etc.

12

Candidates skill in fabricating circuit and taking accurate readings 12

Data & analysis 8

Result & conclusion 8

Computer Experiment


Algorithm/ flow chart 4

Writing the programme 20

Execution of the programme with the final result 12

Print out 4






B. Sc. PHYSICS– THIRD YEAR



Instructions:










observations in ink




1. Determine the moment of inertia of the flywheel.

2. Determine the Young’s modulus of the material of the bar by subjecting it to uniform

bending. Optic lever is supplied.

3. Using static torsion apparatus determine the rigidity modulus of the material of the bar.

4. Using Stoke’s method, determine the coefficient of viscosity of the given liquid.

5. Determine the coefficient of viscosity of the given liquid using Searle’s rotation viscometer.

6. Determine the thermal conductivity of rubber. Calorimeter supplied.

7. By Melde’s string arrangement, determine the frequency of the tuning fork. Use both

transverse and longitudinal modes of vibration.

8. Verify the first and second laws of transverse vibrations of a stretched string using a

sonometer. Also determine the density of the given solid.

9. Determine the frequency of the AC mains using an AC sonometer. Also find the mass of the

given body.

10. Determine the refractive index of the given liquid by finding the refractive index of water

using liquid lens arrangement. Mercury given.



11. Arrange a uniform bar to produce non uniform bending and determine the Young’s modulus

of the material by Koenig’s double mirror method.

12. Determine the rigidity modulus of the material of the wire of the torsion pendulum using two

identical masses.

13. Determine the refractive index of the material of the small angled prism using spectrometer

by measuring the angle of minimum deviation and angle of prism.

14. Determine the moment of a bar magnet by annulling the deflection produced in a compass

box kept along the axis of a current carrying circular coil.

15. Determine the acceleration due to gravity at the place using Kater’s pendulum.

16. Using Kundt’s tube apparatus, determine the velocity of sound in a rod. Velocity of sound in

air at 0oC = 331.3 m/s

17. Determine the specific heat capacity of the given liquid applying Newton’s law of cooling. A

liquid of known specific heat capacity is given.

18. Write and execute a C++ program to find the acceleration due to gravity from given data.

The periods of a simple pendulum for 8 lengths are given.

19. Write and execute a C++ program to solve the given differential equation by dividing the

interval into six equal parts, using Runga – Kutta method.

20. Write and execute a C++ program to multiply the given two matrices.



V & VI SEMESTER


Practical exams will be conducted only in even semesters

PAPER IV- PHY6PC(P4) CORE PHYSICS PRACTICAL.

SEMESTER V

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Spectrometer – Grating- wave length

2 Spectrometer- prism-Dispersive power

3 Liquid lens-Optical constants of a convex lens

4 Air wedge-Diameter of wire 5 Potentiometer-Calibration of low range ammeter

6 Potentiometer-Calibration of high range voltmeter.

7 Conversion of Galvanometer into ammeter

8 LCR circuit analysis-Series, parallel and Q-factor

9 Mirror Galvanometer-Figure of merit 10 B.G - charge sensitivity – Standard capacitor method

SEMESTER VI

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Universal gates IC – NAND,NOR-Realize basic gates from universal gates.

2 B.G. –Measurement of high resistance by leakage method

3 BCD to 7 segment decoder (IC)

4 Astable multivibrator – using transistor

5 Monostable multivibrator- using transistor

6 Monostable multivibrator – IC 555

7 8085 Microprocessor – sorting in ascending and descending order.

8 Computer programming –Conversion of temperature scale

9 Computer programming –sorting the numbers in ascending and

descending order C++

10 Computer programming – Solving a quadratic equation








Instructions:










observations in ink




1. Standardize the grating using the green line of the mercury spectrum and hence determine the

wavelength of the other prominent lines of mercury by normal incidence method.

2. Determine the dispersive power of the material of the given prism for yellow – blue and

green – violet lines of mercury spectrum using spectrometer.

3. Determine the optical constants of the given convex lens using liquid lens arrangement.

4. Determine the diameter of the given wire by observing interference fringes using air wedge

arrangement.

5. Standardise the given potentiometer using a Daniel cell and use it to calibrate the given

ammeter.

6. Calibrate the given high range voltmeter using potentiometer. Standardise the potentiometer

for a potential difference of 1.08 volts.

7. Convert the pointer type galvanometer into a milli ammeter to read 0.5mA/ division. Check

the conversion using a multimeter.



8. Study the frequency response of a series/ parallel LCR circuit and hence find the Q value of

the circuit.

9. Determine the figure of merits for current and voltage of the mirror galvanometer.

10. Determine the charge sensitivity of the B. G. using a standard capacitor.

11. Construct AND, OR and NOT gates from universal gates and verify their truth tables.

12. Determine the correct value of the given high resistance by the method of leakage. B. G. and

a standard condenser are given.

13. Construct a BCD to 7 segment decoder and verify the truth tables with the display.

14. Construct an astable multivibrator using transistors and study the waveforms obtained.

Compare the calculated and measured period for at least three sets of values of R or C. Trace

the wave forms.

15. Construct a monostable multivibrator using transistors. Plot the collector and base voltage of

both the transistors. Determine the time period and compare it with the calculated value.

Take two sets of measurements by varying R and C.

16. Construct a monostable multivibrator using IC 555 and study the waveforms obtained.

Compare the calculated and measured period for at least three sets of values of R or C. Trace

the wave forms.

17. Write and execute an assembly language program to sort hexadecimal numbers in ascending

order in an 8085 microprocessor. Modify and execute the program to sort in descending

order also.

18. Write and execute a CPP program to convert the temperature from Celsius to farenheit and

Kelvin scale in the range 0oC to 250oC with an interval of 25oC.

19. Write and execute a CPP program to sort the given set of numbers in ascending order. Take

printout.

20. Write and execute a CPP program to solve the given quadratic equations. Take printout.

a) x2 – 16 x + 48 = 0

b) x2 – 16x + 64 = 0

c) x2 – 16x + 70 = 0



V & VI SEMESTER



PAPER V-PHY6PC(P5) CORE PHYSICS PRACTICAL

SEMESTER V

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Characteristics of Zener diode.

2 Voltage regulation using Zener diode

3 Voltage multiplier- Doubler and Tripler.

4 Characteristics of FET 5 Regulated power supply using IC 741

6 Wave shaping R C circuits - Integrator and differentiator

7 Diode clipper- Positive, Negative and Biased

8 Hartley Oscillator –frequency

9 Colpitt’s oscillator –frequency 10 Phase shift oscillator- frequency

SEMESTER VI

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Thermistor – Temperature coefficient of resistance

2 Regulated power supply – Transistor and Zener diode

3 Regulated power supply –Using IC’s- LM 7805,7905, 7809, 7909, 7812, 7912

4 Construction and measurement of a dual Regulated power supply with filter

5 Op-Amp - Adder and Subtractor

6 R.C. Coupled amplifier - Gain

7 Amplitude modulation

8 Pulse width modulation

9 Ring counter using 74194 and 74151

10 Astable multivibrator – IC 555








Instructions:










observations in ink




1. Draw the V-I characteristics of Zener diode and calculate its dc and ac resistance. Obtain the knee voltage and breakdown voltage.

2. Construct a Zener voltage regulator and measure its line and load regulation.

3. Construct a voltage doubler and tripler. Compare its output voltage with the theoretical one for at least three trials.

4. Obtain the characteristics of the given FET and determine the transconductance, drain resistance and amplification factor.

5. Construct a regulated power supply with IC 741 and study its performance.

6. Construct an RC integrator and differentiator. Trace the output waveforms corresponding to an input square wave of frequency 1 KHz. Repeat the experiment for a higher frequency also.

7. Measure frequency of three different oscillations by constructing Colpitts oscillator and draw its output waveform.



8. Construct a Hartley oscillator and measure its frequency. Draw the output waveform.

9. Construct a transistor phase shift oscillator and measure its output frequency using C. R. O.

10. Construct positive, negative and biased clippers using diodes. Draw its corresponding input, output waveforms.

11. Construct an adder and subtractor circuits using IC 741.

12. Construct a regulated power supply with a transistor and zener diode and study its performance.

13. Measure the temperature coefficient of resistance for a thermistor.

14. Construct a dual regulated power supply and study its performance.

15. Construct regulated power supply using IC 7805 and IC 7905 and determine percentage of positive and negative line and load regulation.

16. Construct an RC coupled amplifier and plot the corresponding gain characteristics .Also find out the bandwidth.

17. Setup amplitude modulation using OPAMP and measure its output for at least four input voltage.

18. Setup the pulse width modulator using OPAMP and measure its duty cycles for at least four input voltage.

19. Construct a ring counter using 74194/ 74151

20. Construct an astable multivibrator using IC 555 and plot the waveforms. Repeat for two different values of R and C combination.



V & VI SEMESTER



PAPER VI

SEMESTER V

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Spectrometer – Grating- dispersive power

2 Spectrometer – Cauchy’s constants

3 Newton’s rings- Determination of wave length

4 Laser- Determination of wave length 5 Ultrasonic- Determination of velocity of ultrasonic waves

6 Single slit – Diffraction using Laser

7 Verification of Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorem

8 Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer- m & Bh

9 e/m – Thomson’s apparatus- Bar magnet/magnetic focusing 10 B.G - Measurement of capacitance

SEMESTER VI

Sl.No: Experiments

1 D/A Converter using IC

2 4 bit Shift register

3 Flip-Flop – R.S

4 J.K Flip-Flop

5 Schmitt trigger using 7414

6 Op- Amp – Inverter, non inverter and buffer

7 8085 Microprocessor - BCD addition and subtraction

8 8085 Microprocessor – multiplication of two eight bit numbers

with result 16 bit.

9 Computer programming – Solving a linear equation- Bisection method.

10 Computer programming – Solving a equation by Newton – Raphson method

11 Computer programming- Generation of Fibonacci series








Instructions:










observations in ink




1. Standardise the grating using green line of the mercury spectrum and hence determine the

dispersive power of the grating.

2. Determine the Cauchy’s constant of the given prism using spectrometer.

3. Determine the wavelength of the monochromatic source of light using reflected system of

Newton’s rings.

4. Determine the wavelength of the given laser source.

5. Determine the frequency of ultrasonic waves.

6. Determine the width of the single slit by diffraction method using the laser source.

7. Verify Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorem.

8. Determine the moment of the given bar magnet and the horizontal component of earth’s

magnetic field using deflection and vibration magnetometers.

9. Determine the ratio of charge to the mass of the electron by Thomson’s method.



10. Determine the capacitance of the given capacitor using B G.

11. Construct a Digital to analog converter and measure the output.

12. Construct a 4 bit shift register and study the output shift sequence.

13. Construct buffer, inverter and non inverter using op amp and measure the gain for each case.

14. Construct an SR Flip Flop and verify the truth table.

15. Construct a JK Flip Flop and verify the truth table.

16. Construct a Schmitt trigger using IC 7414 and study the output voltage for various input

voltages.

17. Write an assembly language program to add the two given numbers and execute it in an 8085

microprocessor. Modify the program to subtract two numbers.

18. Write an assembly language program to multiply the given two 8 bit numbers and execute it

in an 8085 microprocessor.

19. Write and execute a C++ program to solve the given linear equation by Bisection method.

20. Write and execute a C++ program to solve the given equation by Newton – Raphson method.

References:

1. Properties of Matter - D.S. Mathur

2. Optics - Subramanyan & Brijlal

3. Electricity &Magnetism - Sreevastava

4. Electronics Lab Manual (Vol.1) - K.A.Navas

5. Laboratory manual for electronic devices and circuits- David A Bell

6. Electronic Laboratory Primer- A design approach- S Poorna Chandra and B

Sasikala.

7. A text book of practical Physics _ Indu Prakash and Ramakrishnan.



COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS FOR MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

SEMESTER I

PHYPMMFA – Properties of Matter, Mechanics and Fourier analysis

Credits – 3 (Theory 2+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 36

Prerequisies: Basic knowledge of mechanics, electricity, magnetism, properties of matter and

mathematical tools.

Scope: The syllabus will cater into the basic requirements for his/her higher studies.

Module I

Elasticity (12 hrs)

Elastic moduli- Poisson’s ratio- twisting couple- determination of rigidity modulus- static and

dynamic methods- static torsion- torsion pendulum-bending of beams- cantilever-uniform and

non-uniform bending

Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill) Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.) Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and sons)

Module II

Rotational dynamics of rigid bodies (10 hrs)

Angular velocity- angular momentum- torque- conservation of angular momentum- angular acceleration- moment of inertia- parallel and perpendicular axes theorems- moment of inertia of rod, ring, disc, cylinder and sphere- flywheel

Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill) Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.) Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and sons)

Module III

Oscillations (9 hrs) Periodic and oscillatory motion- simple harmonic motion- differential equation- expression for

displacement, velocity and acceleration- graphical representation- energy of a particle executing

simple harmonic motion-damped oscillation- forced oscillation and resonance



Fourier analysis (5 hrs) Fourier’s theorem- evaluation of Fourier coefficients- analysis of square wave, saw tooth wave

and triangular wave

Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill) Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam(S.Chand and Co.) Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and sons) Mathematical methods for Physicists – G. B. Arfken and H.J. Weber (Academic press)

Reference:

1. Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill) 2. Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S.Chand andCo.) 3. Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and sons) 4. Mathematical methods for Physicists – G. B. Arfken and H.J. Weber

(Academic press)

BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark

8 questions

out of 8

2 Marks

6

questions

out of 10

4 Marks

4 questions out

of 6

12

Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total

60 marks

out of 100

Module I

Elasticity

12

3 3 2 1 29

Module II

Rotational dynamics of

rigid bodies

10

2 3 2 1 28

Module III

Oscillations

Fourier Analysis

9

5

2

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

43




B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION. B. Sc. PHYSICS –FIFTH SEMESTER

Complementary Course – PHYSICS

PHYPMMFA-Properties of Matter, Mechanics and Fourier Analysis

(For Mathematics Model I)


Part A


1. What are plastic bodies?

2. What do you mean by angle of shear?

3. What is meant by rigid body?

4. Define SHM with one example.

5. Define moment of inertia. Write the mathematical expression representing moment of

inertia.

6. Write an expression for total energy of a harmonic oscillator and explain its dependence

on parameters of SHM motion.

7. What are harmonics of a wave?

8. How many terms are required to represent a periodic function in Fourier series?

(8 × 1 = 8)

Part B


. 9. Explain neutral surface of a beam.

10. Why hollow cylinders are preferred over solid ones in shafts?

11. What is meant by elastic fatigue?

12. Define the following terms in SHM. (i) Amplitude (ii) Frequency (iii) Time period

(iv) Angular frequency.

13. Derive expressions for velocity and acceleration of a body executing SHM. Show their

variations with time.

14. Find the moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod about an axis passing through the centre

and perpendicular to its length. Also find the moment of inertia about an axis passing at

one end.

P.T.O



15. Derive the expression for angular momentum of rigid body.

16. State and prove parallel axes theorem.

17. What are Dirichlet’s conditions? Explain with an example.

18. What is Fourier series?

(6 × 2 = 12)

Part C Answer any four questions. Each question carries 4 marks.

19. A cantilever shows a depression of 1cm at the loaded end. What is the depression at its

midpoint?

20. A beam of width 0.026 m and thickness 0.005 m is supported horizontally on knife edges

0.7 m apart. It is loaded with weights 0.15 kg each from its ends which project 0.10 m

beyond the knife edges. If the centre of the beam is thereby elevated by 0.003 m,

calculate the Young’s modulus of its material.

21. Prove that projection of uniform circular motion on its diameter is simple harmonic.

22. A wheel of mass 5 kg and radius of gyration 40 cm is rotating at 210 rpm. Find the

moment of inertia and kinetic energy in MKS unit.

23. State and explain the Fourier theorem giving a description of the general method of

representation of a function f(t) = f(t+T) in Fourier series.

24. A square wave is represented as shown in figure below. Evaluate the Fourier coefficients

a0 and a1.

(4 × 4= 16)

0 T/2 T

a

y



Part D


25. What is meant by damped harmonic oscillator? Obtain the differential equation of

damped harmonic oscillator. Discuss different cases.

26. Derive expressions for moment of inertia of the following objects (i) Thin uniform wire

about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its length (ii) Hollow sphere

about its diameter.

27. Describe with necessary theory the determination of the rigidity modulus of the material

of a rod using static torsion apparatus.

28. State and explain the Fourier theorem. Explain how to evaluate the Fourier coefficients

and hence derive the Euler’s formulae.

(2 × 12 = 24)



SEMESTER II

PHY2EMTSR – Electric and Magnetic phenomena, Thermodynamics

and Special theory of Relativity

Credits – 3 (Theory 2+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 36 Scope: This syllabus will cater the basic requirements for their higher studies. Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of electricity, magnetism, heat, thermodynamics, mathematical tools.

Module I

Dielectric materials (7 hrs) Dielectrics- polar and non-polar dielectrics- polarization- sources of polarization- Gauss’s law

in dielectrics- permittivity- dielectric displacement vector- dielectric constant-susceptibility-

ferroelectricity

Magnetic Materials (7 hrs) Magnetization in materials- linear and non-linear materials- diamagnetism-paramagnetism-

ferromagnetism- hysteresis- ferromagnetic domains-antiferromagnetism- ferrimagnetism

Introduction of Electrodynamics- D.J. Griffiths (PHI Pvt. Ltd) Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V.K. Babbar (S. Chand and Co.)

Module II

Thermodynamics (12 hrs) Thermodynamic systems- thermodynamic equilibrium- thermodynamic processes- isothermal

process- adiabatic process- zeroth law of thermodynamics-first law of thermodynamics- heat

engine- the Carnot engine- refrigerator-concept of entropy- second law of thermodynamics-

third law of thermodynamics- Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations

Thermodynamics- Zemansky and Dittmann (Tata McGraw-Hill) Heat and Thermodynamics- Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S. Chand &Co)

Module III

Special theory of relativity (10 hrs) Introduction- Galilean transformation- Newtonian principle of relativity- special theory-

postulates- Lorentz transformation- length contraction- time dilation-relativity of simultaneity-



addition of velocities- relativistic mass transformation-mass energy relation

Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East

West press Pvt. Ltd)

Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.)

Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan (S. Chand and Co.)

Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub)

Reference: 1. Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated

East West press Pvt. Ltd)

2. Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.) 3. Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan (S. Chand and Co.) 4. Introduction of Electrodynamics- D.J. Griffiths (PHI Pvt. Ltd) 5. Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub) 6. Thermodynamics- Zemansky and Dittmann (Tata McGraw-Hill) 7. Heat and Thermodynamics- Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S. Chand &Co)



BLUE PRINT

Modules

Hours

1 Mark

8

questions

out of 8

2 Marks

6

questions

out of 10

4 Marks

4 questions

out of 6

12

Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total

60 marks

out of 100

Module I

Dielectric materials

Magnetic Materials

14

4

2

2

2

40

Module II

Thermodynamics

12

2 5 2 1 32

Module III

Special theory of

relativity

10

2 3 2 1 28





B. Sc. MATHEMATICS – SECOND SEMESTER

COMPLEMENTARY COURSE (PHYSICS)

PHY2EMPTSR – ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA, THERMODYNAMICS AND SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY


Part A


1. What is a dielectric material?

2. Mention two applications of ferroelectric materials.

3. How are the magnetic materials classified?

4. What are antiferromagnetic materials?

5. What is an indicator diagram?

6. During an adiabatic process, the system experiences a change in temperature. Why?

7. What is length contraction?

8. What is mass energy equivalence?

(8 1 = 8 marks)

Part B

Answer 6 questions. Each question carries 2 marks

9. State and explain Curie-Weiss law.

10. What is meant by a reversible process? What are the conditions required?

11. What is hysteresis?

12. Explain the second law of thermodynamics.

13. Distinguish between heat engine and refrigerator.

14. State and explain the principle of increase of entropy.

15. Show that adiabatics are steeper than isothermals.

16. What are the consequences of Lorentz transformation?

17. What is Newtonian principle of relativity?

18. What are the postulates of special theory of relativity?

(6 2 = 12 marks)

P.T.O



Part C


19. The relative permittivity of Argon at 0oC and one atmosphere is 1.000435, calculate the

polarizability of the atom.

20. An iron bar of cross sectional area 5 mm2 is kept parallel to a magnetic field of intensity 1000

A/m. If the pole strength acquired by the bar is 5 Am, calculate the magnetic susceptibility

and permeability of the material.

21. A Carnot’s engine whose source is at 127oC take in 4200J of heat in each cycle and gives out

2520J of heat to the condenser. Find the temperature of the condenser.

22. Calculate the change in entropy when 5 Kg of water at 100oC is converted in to steam at the

same temperature. Specific latent heat of steam = 2.26×106J/Kg.

23. The length of a rocket is 10m on ground. While on flight its length is observed to be 9.8 m

from ground. Calculate the speed of the rocket.

24. Calculate the energy of an electron moving at a speed of 0.99 c if its rest mass is 9 x 10-31 kg.

(4 4 = 16 marks)

Part D


25. Explain the different sources of polarizability in dielectrics.

26. Explain magnetizing field, magnetic induction, magnetization and magnetic permeability.

Explain how the magnetizing field is related to induction and bring out the difference

between the two.

27. Calculate the work done in a Carnot’s cycle of operations. Deduce the efficiency of a

Carnot’s engine in terms of the temperatures between which it works.

28. Derive Lorentz transformation equations.

(2 12 = 24 marks)



SEMESTER III

PHY3QSNBD– Quantum Mechanics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics,

Basic Electronics and Digital Electronics

Credits – 3 (Theory 2+ Practical 1)

No. of contact hours – 54

Module I

Elementary Quantum theory (12 hrs) Introduction- black body radiation and Planck’s quantum hypothesis-photoelectric effect-

Einstein’s explanation- de Broglie hypothesis- matter wave- Davisson-Germer experiment-

uncertainty principle (derivation not expected) -wave function- conditions-normalization-

Schroedinger equation-stationary states- non-normalizable wavefunctions- box normalization

Spectroscopy(12 hrs) Atom models- Thomson’s model-Rutherford’s nuclear atom model-Bohr atom model-

Somerfeld’s relativistic atom model- vector atom model- Fine structure of Hydrogen atom -

Rotational and vibrational spectra of rigid diatomic molecules- Raman effect-quantum theory

Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta(Affiliated East West press

Pvt. Ltd) Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser(Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.) Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub) Quantum Physics- S. Gasiorowicz ( John Wiley & Sons)

Module II

Atomic nucleus and radioactivity (10 hrs) Nuclear constituents- different nuclear types- properties of nuclei- size- mass-charge- density-

binding energy- packing fraction -nuclear stability -spin - magnetic dipole moment -electric

quadrupole moment -properties of nuclear forces -radioactivity- radiations -law of radioactive

decay - half life- mean life-radioactivity units -radio active series-radio active dating- carbon

dating-artificial radioactivity

Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East West press

Pvt. Ltd)



Module III

Basic electronics (13 hrs) Semiconductors- doping- band structure- PN junction- biasing- Diode equation (derivation not

expected) - diode characteristics- Zener diode- voltage regulation- diode circuits- rectification-

half wave, full wave and bridge rectifiers- transistors- different configurations- characteristics-

biasing-transistor amplifiers- feedback in amplifiers

Digital electronics (7 hrs) Different number systems – decimal, binary, octal, hexa decimal number systems- conversion

between different number systems- binary mathematics- addition and subtraction- basic

theorems of Boolean algebra- de Morgan’s theorems AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR

gates- truth tables- half adder- full adder

Basic electronics- B. L. Theraja (S. Chand and Co.)

Elements of electronics- M.K. Bagde, S.P. Sngh and K. Singh (S. Chand and Co.)

Digital principles and applications- A. P. Malvino and P.Leach

Reference:

1. Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta(AffiliatedEast West

press Pvt. Ltd)

2. Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta(Affiliated East West

press Pvt. Ltd)

3. Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.)

4. Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan (S. Chand and Co.)

5. Quantum Physics- S. Gasiorowicz ( John Wiley & Sons)

6. Basic electronics- B. L. Theraja (S. Chand and Co.)

7. Elements of electronics- M.K. Bagde, S.P. Sngh and K. Singh(S. Chand and Co.)

8. Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub)

9. Digital principles and applications- A. P. Malvino and P.Leach



BLUE PRINT.

Modules

Hours

1 Mark

8 questions

out of 8

2 Marks

6

questions

out of 10

4 Marks

4 questions out

of 6

12

Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total

60 marks

out of 100

Module I

Elementary Quantum

theory

Spectroscopy

24

4

4

2

2

44

Module II

Atomic nucleus and

radioactivity

10

1 2 1 1 21

Module III

Basic Electronics

Digital Electronics

13

7

2

1

3

1

2

1

1

0

28

7





B. Sc. MATHEMATICS –THIRD SEMESTER


PHY3QSNBD -QUANTUM MECHANICS, SPECTROSCOPY, NUCLEAR PHYSICS,

BASIC ELECTRONICS AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS


Part A


1. Mention the failures of Classical Mechanics.

2. Give the physical interpretation of wave function.

3. State Uncertainty principle.

4. Give the spectral lines in Hydrogen spectrum. 5. Define atomic mass unit.

6. Briefly explain the biasing in pn junction diodes.

7. Define Q point? Mention its importance.

8. What are de Morgan’s theorems of Boolean algebra?

(1 x 8 = 8)

Part B


9. State and explain Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation.

10. Briefly the features of vector atom model.

11. Give the selection rules governing the transition of electrons from one energy level to

another.

12. State the postulates of Bohr atom model.

13. Briefly explain nuclear quadrupole moment.

14. Explain binding energy of nucleus. How is it related to nuclear stability?

15. Distinguish between n type and p type semiconductor.

16. Obtain the relation between α and β for transistors?

P.T.O

17. Compare CB and CE transistor configurations.

18. Discuss the working of half adder circuit.

(6 x 2 = 12)



Part C Answer any four questions. Each question carries 4 marks

.

19. Determine the de Broglie wavelength associated with an electron having kinetic

energy 1eV.

20. Calculate the shortest wavelength occurring in the Balmer series. Given the

wavelength of Hα line as 6563A0.

21. Calculate the time required for 20% of an isotope of Thorium to disintegrate if its half

life is 1.2 × 1010 years.

22. A full wave rectifier uses two identical diodes of resistance 10Ω. The transformer provides an r.m.s value secondary voltage of 12 V between centre tap and one end. IF the load resistance of the rectifier is 1KΩ , calculate (a)Average dc current (b)average dc voltage and (c)PIV

23. A transistor is biased by voltage divider method. Vcc = 10 V, RE = 1kΩ, RL = 5.6 kΩ,

R1 = 39 kΩ and R2 = 10 kΩ. If VBE = 0.7V, calculate IC and IC saturation.

24. Show how three two-input NAND gates can be connected to get an OR gate. Establish

the truth table.

(4 x 4 = 16)

Part D


25. Obtain and solve the Schrodinger Equation for a particle in a box.

26. Describe in detail Raman effect on the basis of quantum theory.

27. State law of radioactive decay. Derive the expression for half life. Also discuss the

process of carbon dating.

28. Discuss and compare Centre tapped and Bridge Full Wave Rectifier.

(2 x 12 = 24)



SEMESTER IV

PHY4PLA– Physical Optics, Laser Physics and Astrophysics Credits – 3 (Theory 2+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 54

Module I Interference (12 hrs) Interference of light- Principle of superposition- conditions for maximum and minimum

intensities- coherent sources- Interference by division of wave front and division of amplitude-

Young’s double slit experiment (division of wave front) –Expression for fringe width-

Newton’s rings by reflected light (division of amplitude) - measurement of wavelength of

sodium light by Newton’s rings- interference in thin films

Diffraction (8 hrs) Introduction – Difference between Interference and diffraction- Fresnel and Fraunhofer

diffraction- Fresnel Diffraction at a straight edge- Theory of plane transmission grating-

Determination of wavelength (normal incidence) – resolving power- dispersive power

A Text book of Optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand

and Co.)

Optics- Satyaprakash (Ratan Prakash Mandir) Optics- A. Ghatak (Tata McGraw-Hill)

Module II

Polarization (15 hrs) Introduction- polarized and unpolarized light- plane of vibration –plane of polarization -

polarization by reflection- Brewster’s law- polarization by refraction through pile of plates –

law of Malus- uni-axial and biaxial crystals – double refraction- principal plane- polarization by

double refraction-polarization by selective absorption- polaroid- polarization by scattering-

elliptically and circularly polarized light- half wave and quarter wave plates

A text book of Optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand

and Co.)

Optics- Satyaprakash (Ratan prakash Mandir) Optics- A. Ghatak (Tata McGraw-Hill)

Module III

Laser Physics (10 hrs) Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter- stimulated absorption-spontaneous



emission- stimulated emission- principle of laser-population inversion- Einstein’s coefficients-

Types of lasers- Ruby laser-Neodymiun YAG laser- He-Ne laser- Properties of laser beams-

Application of laser beams

Astrophysics (9 hrs) Temperature and color of a star- brightness- size of a star- elements present in a stellar

atmosphere- mass of star- life time of a star- main sequence stars-HR diagram- evolution of

stars- white dwarf- supernova explosion- neutron star- black hole- (all topics to be treated

qualitatively)

Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta(Affiliated East West press Pvt. Ltd)

Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.) Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan (S. Chand and Co.) Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub) An introduction to Astrophysics- Baidyanath Basu

Reference: 1. Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East

West press Pvt. Ltd)



4. A text book of optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S.

Chand and Co.)

5. Optics- Satyaprakash (Ratan prakash Mandir)


7. An introduction to Astrophysics- Baidyanath Basu

8. Optics- A. Ghatak (Tata McGraw-Hill)



BLUE PRINT.

Modules

Hours

1 Mark

8 questions

out of 8

2 Marks

6

questions

out of 10

4 Marks

4 questions out

of 6

12

Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total

60 marks

out of 100

Module I

Interference

Diffraction

12

8

2

2

2

2

1

2

1

1

22

26

Module II

Polarization

15

2

3

1

1

24

Module III

Laser Physics

Astrophysics

10

9

2

1

3

2

1

1

1

0

24

9



MODEL QUESTION PAPER B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION.

B. Sc. MATHEMATICS –FOURTH SEMESTER


PHY4PLA - PHYSICSL OPTICS, LASER PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS

Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 60

Part A


1. What are coherent sources?

2. State the principle of Superposition of waves?

3. What do you mean by diffraction of light?

4. Define planes of polarization and vibration of a polarized light.

5. What is meant by dichorism? 6. Write three applications of Laser beam.

7. Why does a three level laser produce pulsed output?

8. What are the elements present on stellar atmosphere?

(8 x 1 = 8)

Part B


9. Thick films illuminated by white light do not exhibit any color in reflected light.

Why?

10. Write the condition for the film to appear bright and dark.

11. Distinguish between Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction.

12. Discuss Biot’s polariscope.

13. State and prove law of Malus.

14. What is population inversion? How can it be achieved?

15. Draw the energy level diagram of He – Ne laser

16. What is meant by coherence of laser beam?

17. Sketch the H – R diagram and locate the main sequence stars, white dwarfs and the

sun.

18. How can we measure the distances of stars using parallax method?

(6 x 2 = 12)

P.T.O



Part C


19. With a Newton’s ring arrangement it is seen that the mth dark ring for light of

wavelength λ1 coincides with the (m+1)th dark ring of wavelength λ2. If the radius of

curvature of the convex surface is 90 cm, find the diameter of the mth dark ring for λ1.

Given λ1= 6000Å and λ2 = 4500Å

20. The separation of Sodium lines of mean wavelength 5893 Ǻ in the second order

spectrum of a diffraction grating containing 5000 lines cm-1 is 2.5 minutes for normal

incidence. What is the difference in wavelength between the two lines?

21. Calculate the thickness of calcite plate which would convert plane polarized light into

circularly polarized light. Wavelength of the light used is 5890 Ǻ.

Given nE = 1.486 and nO = 1.658.

22. A ray of light is incident on a glass surface at the polarizing angle. Calculate the angle

of refraction of the ray. Refractive index of the glass is 1.732.

23. Show that the probabilities of stimulated and spontaneous emission are the same.

24. Explain the terms (i) white dwarf (ii) Neutron star and (iii) black hole

(4 x 4 = 16)

Part D

Answer any two questions. Each question carries 12 marks 25. Explain the formation of Newton’s rings. With necessary theory give the experiment

to determine the wavelength of a monochromatic light by Newton’s ring method.

26. Give the theory of diffraction at a straight edge and discuss its intensity distribution.

27. Discuss the production of elliptically and circularly polarized light.

28. Describe the fabrication, working and theory of a ruby laser.

(2 x 12 = 24)



COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS FOR CHEMISTRY AND GEOLOGY

SEMESTER I

PHYPMMPP –Properties of Matter, Mechanics and Particle Physics

Credits – 3 (Theory 2+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 36

Scope: This syllabus will cater the basic requirements for their higher studies. This course will

provide a theoretical basis for doing experiments in related areas.

Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of mechanics, properties of matter, mathematical tools.

Module I

Elasticity (12 hrs)

Elastic moduli- Poisson’s ratio- twisting couple- determination of rigidity modulus- static and

dynamic methods- static torsion- torsion pendulum-bending of beams- cantilever-uniform and

non-uniform bending

Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri.(Tata McGraw-Hill) Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.) Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and sons)

Module II

Rotational dynamics of rigid bodies (10 hrs) Angular velocity- angular momentum- torque- conservation of angular momentum- angular

acceleration- moment of inertia- parallel and perpendicular axes theorems- moment of inertia of

rod, ring, disc, cylinder and sphere- flywheel

Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri.(Tata McGraw-Hill) Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.) Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya(Ram Prasad and sons)

Module III

Oscillations (9 hrs) Periodic and oscillatory motion- simple harmonic motion- differential equation-expression for

displacement, velocity and acceleration- graphical representation- energy of a particle executing

simple harmonic motion-damped oscillation- forced oscillation and resonance



Particle Physics (5 hrs) Fundamental interactions in nature- gauge particles- classification of particles-antiparticles-

elementary particle quantum numbers- conservation laws- quark model (qualitative)

Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan (S. Chand and Co.)

Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and sons) References:

1. Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri.(Tata McGraw-Hill) 2. Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.) 3. Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.)

BLUE PRINT.

Modules

Hours

1 Mark

8

questions

out of 8

2 Marks

6

questions

out of 10

4 Marks

4

questions

out of 6

12

Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total

60 marks

out of 100

Module I

Elasticity

12

3 3 2 1 29

Module II

Rotational dynamics of

rigid bodies

10

2 3 2 1 28

Module III

Oscillations

Particle Physics

9

5

2

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

43




B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION B. Sc. PHYSICS –FIEST SEMESTER Complementary Course – PHYSICS

PHYPMMPP-Properties of Matter, Mechanics and Particle Physics

(For Chemistry Model I)


Part A


1. What is meant by rigid body?

2. Define SHM with one example.

3. Define moment of inertia. Write the expression for it.

4. What are plastic bodies?

5. What do you mean by angle of shear?

6. What is Poisson’s ratio?

7. What is the antiparticle of electron?

8. Write the expression for total energy of a harmonic oscillator and explain its dependence on

parameters of SHM motion.

( 8 x 1 = 8 marks )

Part B


9. Define the following terms in SHM, (i) Amplitude (ii) Frequency (iii) Time period and

(iv)Angular frequency.

10. Derive expressions for velocity and acceleration. Show their variations with time

11. Explain neutral surface of a beam.

12. Find the moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod about an axis passing through the centre

and perpendicular to its length.

13. Why hollow cylinders are preferred over solid ones in shafts?

14. State the conservation of CPT.

15. State the characteristic features of an electromagnetic force.

16. Derive the expression for angular momentum of rigid body.

17. What is meant by elastic fatigue?

18. State and prove parallel axes theorem.

( 6 x 2 = 12 marks )

P.T.O



Part C


19. Prove that projection of uniform circular motion on its diameter is simple harmonic.

20. A wheel of mass 5Kg and radius of gyration 40cm is rotating at 210rpm. Find the moment

of inertia and kinetic energy in MKS unit.

21. The sun rotates round itself once in 27 days. What will be the period of revolution if the

sun were to expand to twice its present size. Consider the sun to be a sphere of uniform

density.

22. A cantilever shows a depression of 1cm at the loaded end. What is the depression at its

midpoint?

23. A beam of width 0.026m and thickness 0.005m is supported horizontally on knife edges

0.7m apart. It is loaded with weights 0.15kg each from its ends which project 0.10m beyond

the knife edges. If the centre of the beam is thereby elevated by 0.003m.Calculate the

Young’s modulus of its material.

24. Check whether the following reactions are allowed or not based on baryon conservation

law.

( 4 x 4 = 16 marks)

Part D


25. What is meant by damped harmonic oscillator? Obtain the differential equation of damped

harmonic oscillator. Discuss different cases.

26. Explain in detail the fundamental interactions.

27. Describe with necessary theory the determination of the rigidity modulus of the material of a

rod using static torsion apparatus.

28. Derive expressions for moment of inertia of the following objects (i) Annular ring about an

axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane(ii) Hollow sphere about its

diameter.

( 2 x 12 =24 marks )

p+ + n p+ + p¯ + p-

p+ + n 2p+ + p¯ + n



SEMESTER II

PHY2EMTE – Electric and Magnetic Phenomena, Thermodynamics

and Elementary Solid State Physics

Credits – 3 (Theory 2+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours – 36 Scope : This syllabus will cater the basic requirements for their higher studies.

Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of electricity, magnetism, heat thermodynamics, mathematical tools.

Module I

Dielectric materials (7 hrs) Dielectrics- polar and non-polar dielectrics- polarization- sources of polarization-Gauss’s law in

dielectrics- permittivity- dielectric displacement vector- dielectric constant-susceptibility- ferro

electricity

Magnetic materials (7 hrs) Magnetization in materials- linear and non-linear materials- diamagnetism-paramagnetism-

ferromagnetism- hysteresis- ferromagnetic domains-antiferromagnetism- ferrimagnetism

Introduction of Electrodynamics- D.J. Griffiths (PHI Pvt. Ltd) Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V.K. Babbar (S. Chand and Co

Module II Crystalline solids (10 hrs)

Crystalline and amorphous solids- crystal lattice- basis- unit cell- lattice parameters- crystal

systems- crystal planes and directions- miller indices- simple cubic- fcc -bcc hcp structures-

packing fraction- NaCl structure- crystal diffraction- Bragg’s law

Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V.K. Babbar (S. Chand and Co.)

Introduction to Solid State Physics- C. Kittel ( John Wiley & Sons, 7th Edn.)

Module III

Thermodynamics (12 hrs) Thermodynamic systems- thermodynamic equilibrium- thermodynamic processes- isothermal



process- adiabatic process- zeroth law of thermodynamics- first law of thermodynamics- heat

engine- the Carnot engine-refrigerator- concept of entropy- second law of thermodynamics-

third law of thermodynamics- Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations

Thermodynamics- Zemansky and Dittmann (Tata McGraw-Hill)

Heat and Thermodynamics- Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S. Chand &Co)

References:

1. Thermodynamics- Zemansky and Dittmann (Tata McGraw-Hill) 2. Heat and Thermodynamics- Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S. Chand &Co)

BLUE PRINT.

Modules

Hours

1 Mark

8

questions

out of 8

2 Marks

6

questions

out of 10

4 Marks

4

questions

out of 6

12

Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total

60 marks

out of 100

Module I

Dielectric materials

Magnetic Materials

14

3

4

2

2

43

Module II

Crystalline solids

10 3 3 2 1 29

Module III

Thermodynamics

12

2

3

2

1

28





B. Sc. CHEMISTRY – SECOND SEMESTER


PHY2EMTE – ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA, THERMODYNAMICS

AND ELEMENTARY SOLID STATE PHYSICS.


Part A

Answer All questions. Each question carries 1mark

1. Define polarization of a dielectric material.

2. Write the relation between dielectric constant and relative permittivity of a material.

3. Define retentivity.

4. Differentiate between reversible and irreversible process.

5. What are the characteristics of Carnot engine?

6. State third law of thermodynamics.

7. What is a unit cell?

8. Define packing fraction of a crystal.

(8 1 = 8 marks)

Part B

Answer Any Six questions. Each question carries 2 marks

9. Derive the relation between electric displacement vector, polarization vector and electric

field in a dielectric.

10. Briefly discuss ferroelectricity of a material.

11. Establish the relation between magnetizing field and flux density inside a magnetic

material.

P.T.O



12. Compare the properties of soft iron and steel on the basis of hysteresis curve. Which one

is preferred for permanent magnet? Why?

13. Derive the expression for the work done in an isothermal process.

14. Establish the relation between efficiency of Carnot engine and coefficient of performance

of refrigerator.

15. Prove that entropy during adiabatic process remains constant.

16. Briefly explain Miller indices.

17. Distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solids.

18. Calculate the number of atoms in a unit cell of a body centered crystal structure.

(6 2 = 12 marks)

Part C

Answer Any Four questions. (Each question carries 4 marks)

19. Find the polarization in a dielectric materials having εr = 3 and D = 3.5 10-7 Cm-2.

20. Explain magnetic hysteresis and Draw B-H and M-H curve.

21. An inventor claims to have developed an engine working between 600 K and 333 K

capable of having an efficiency of 50%. Comment on his claim.

22. Derive the equation of adiabatic process connecting volume and temperature.

23. In the powder method to obtain the crystal structure, an X-ray of wavelength 2.6 A0 gives

rise to first order reflection by (322) planes at an angle 560. Find the lattice constant of

the unit cell.

24. Find the glancing angle on the (110) plane of a cubic rock salt with spacing 2.814 A0

corresponding to second order diffraction maximum for X-rays of wavelength 0.71 A0.

(4 4 = 16 marks)



SEMESTER III

PHY3QSNE – Quantum mechanics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics

and Electronics Credits – 3 (Theory 2+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours –54

Scope: This syllabus will cater the basic requirements for their higher studies. Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of electricity, modern physics, mathematical tools.

Module I

Elementary Quantum theory (12 hrs) Introduction- black body radiation and Planck’s quantum hypothesis-photoelectric effect-

Einstein’s explanation- de Broglie hypothesis- matter wave- Davisson-Germer experiment-

uncertainty principle (derivation not expected) -wave function- conditions-normalization-

Schroedinger equation-stationary states- non-normalizable wavefunctions- box normalization

Spectroscopy (12 hrs)

Atom models- Thomson’s model-Rutherford’s nuclear atom model-Bohr atom model-

Somerfeld’s relativistic atom model- vector atom model- Fine structure of Hydrogen atom -

Rotational and vibrational spectra of rigid diatomic molecules- Raman effect-quantum theory

Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.) Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan (S. Chand and Co.) Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub)

Module II

Atomic nucleus and radioactivity (10 hrs) Nuclear constituents- different nuclear types- properties of nuclei- size- mass-charge- density-

binding energy- packing fraction -nuclear stability -spin - magnetic dipole moment -electric

quadrupole moment -properties of nuclear forces -radioactivity- radiations -law of radioactive

decay - half life- mean life-radioactivity units -radioactive series-radioactive dating- carbon

dating-artificial radioactivity

Nuclear fission and fusion (7 hrs) Nuclear fission- energy release in fission reactions- liquid drop model of fission-chain reaction-

nuclear reactor- power and breeder reactor- atom bomb-nuclear fusion- energy production in

stars- thermo nuclear reactions in sun- p-p chain - C-N cycle



Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.) Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan (S. Chand and Co.) Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub)

Module III

Basic electronics (13 hrs) Semiconductors- doping- band structure- PN junction- biasing- Diode equation (derivation not

expected) - diode characteristics- Zener diode- voltage regulation- diode circuits- rectification-

half wave, full wave and bridge rectifiers- transistors- different configurations- characteristics-

biasing-transistor amplifiers- feedback in amplifiers

Basic Electronics- B. L. Theraja (S. Chand and Co.) Elements of Electronics- M.K. Bagde, S.P. Sngh and K. Singh (S. Chand and Co.)

References:

1. Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East West press

Pvt. Ltd)

2. Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.) 3. Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan (S. Chand and Co.) 4. Quantum Physics- S. Gasiorowicz ( John Wiley & Sons) 5. Basic Electronics- B. L. Theraja (S. Chand and Co.) 6. Elements of electronics- M.K. Bagde, S.P. Sngh and K. Singh (S. Chand and Co.) 7. Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub)



BLUE PRINT.

Modules

Hours

1 Mark

8 questions

out of 8

2 Marks

6

questions

out of 10

4 Marks

4

questions

out of 6

12

Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total

60 marks

out of 100

Module I

Elementary Quantum

theory

Spectroscopy

24 3 4 3 2 47

Module II

Atomic nucleus and

radioactivity

Nuclear fission and

fusion.

17 3 3 2 1 29

Module III

Basic Electronics

13 2 3 1 1 24




B.Sc. DEGREE (CBSS) EXAMINATION.

THIRD SEMESTER – COMPLEMENTARY COURSE. (PHYSICS)

FOR CHEMISTRY

PHY3QSNE – QUANTUM MECHANICS, SPECTROSCOPY, NUCLEAR PHYSICS

& ELECTRONICS

Time:3 Hours Maximum Marks: 60

PART A

Answer All questions. ( Each question carries 1 mark)

1. State and explain the uncertainity principle.

2. Write down Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation in three dimensions and explain

the symbols.

3. Write down the features of Sommerfeld’s Relativistic Atom Model.

4. Define the terms packing fraction and binding energy.

5. Prove that nucleus is in a highly compressed state.

6. Write Carbon – Nitrogen chain reaction.

7. Define Q point. What is its importance?

8. List out the minority and majority charge carriers in p-type and n-type semiconductors.

(8 x 1 = 8 marks)

PART B


9. Obtain the expression for de Broglie wavelength. Mention the significance of the symbols.

10. Distinguish between group velocity and wave velocity.

11. Describe the Hydrogen spectrum.

12. Discuss the features of Vector Atom Model.

13. Compare the properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays.

14. Describe the features of nuclear forces.

15. Define Q value of a nuclear reaction and derive the expression for it.

16. Explain the voltage-divider method of biasing of a transistor.

17. Discuss the effects of biasing in a pn junction diode

18. Give an account of semiconductors.

(6 x 2 = 12 marks)

( P.T.O )



PART C

Answer any Four questions. (Each question carries 4 marks)

19. The photoelectric threshold for a metal is 3000 A0. Find the kinetic energy of an electron

ejected from it by radiation of wavelength 1200A0.

20. Derive Schrodinger’s time dependent equation.

21. The first member of Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum has a wavelength of 656.3nm.

Compute the wavelength of the second member of Paschen series.

22. Estimate the age of earth on the basis of abundance of U 235 and U 238.

23. Calculate the energy released in the following fission reaction +

→

+

+ 3 + .

24. A full wave rectifier using four diodes of constant forward resistance of 1.5Ω is used to

rectify an ac voltage of rms voltage 12V. If the load resistance is 167Ω , calculate the

maximum and mean load current.

(4 x 4 = 16 marks)

Part D

Answer any Two questions.( Each question carries 12 marks)

25. A particle is in a cubical box. Obtain its energy value and wave function.

26. What is Raman Effect. Give the Quantum theory explanation of this effect.

27. What is meant by chain reaction. With a neat diagram, describe the construction and

working of breeder nuclear reactor.

28. Distinguish between the half wave and full wave rectifier.

(2 x 12 =24 marks)



SEMESTER IV

PHY4PLS – Physical Optics, Laser Physics and Superconductivity

Credits – 3 (Theory 2+ Practical 1) No. of contact hours –54

Scope: This syllabus will cater the basic requirements for their higher studies.

Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of optics, Properties of matter, mathematical

tools.

Module I

Interference (12 hrs)

Interference of light- Principle of superposition- conditions for maximum and minimum

intensities- coherent sources- Interference by division of wave front and division of

amplitude- Young’s double slit experiment (division of wave front) –Expression for fringe

width- Newton’s rings by reflected light (division of amplitude) - measurement of

wavelength of sodium light by Newton’s rings-interference in thin films

Diffraction (8 hrs)

Introduction – Difference between Interference and diffraction- Fresnel and Fraunhofer

diffraction- Fresnel Diffraction at a straight edge- Theory of plane transmission grating-

Determination of wavelength (normal incidence) – resolving power- dispersive power

A text book of Optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand

and Co.)


Module II

Polarization (15 hrs) Introduction- polarized and unpolarized light- plane of vibration –plane of polarization -

polarization by reflection- Brewster’s law- polarization by refraction through pile of plates –



law of Malus- uni-axial and biaxial crystals – double refraction- principal plane-

polarization by double refraction-polarization by selective absorption- polaroid- polarization

by scattering-elliptically and circularly polarized light- half wave and quarter wave plates

A text book of optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand and

Co.)


Module III

Laser Physics (10 hrs)

Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter- stimulated absorption-spontaneous

emission- stimulated emission- principle of laser-population inversion- Einstein’s

coefficients- Types of lasers- Ruby laser-Neodymiun YAG laser- He-Ne laser- Properties of

laser beams- Application of laser beams

Superconductivity (9 hrs)

Super conducting phenomenon- Occurrence- BCS theory (qualitative) Meissner Effect-

Type I and Type II superconductors- Josephson effects- High temperature superconductors-

Applications of Superconductivity

Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V.K. Babbar (S. Chand and Co.)

Reference:

1. Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East West

press Pvt. Ltd)




5. Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V.K. Babbar (S. Chand and Co.)



BLUE PRINT.

Modules

Hours

1 Mark

8

questions

out of 8

2 Marks

6

questions

out of 10

4 Marks

4

questions

out of 6

12

Marks

2

questions

out of 4

Total

60 marks

out of 100

Module I

Interference

Diffraction

12

8

3

3

2

2

41

Module II

Polarization

15

2

3

2

1

28

Module III

Laser Physics

Superconductivity

10

9

3

4

2

1

31




B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) EXAMINATION. B. Sc. CHEMISTRY –FOURTH SEMESTER

COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS FOR CHEMISTRY

PHY4PLS - PHYSICAL OPTICS, LASER PHYSICS AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 60

Part A


1. State the principle of superposition of waves.

2. What are the conditions for two light sources to be coherent?

3. What is meant by resolving power of a grating?

4. Define Brewster’s angle.

5. What is dichroism?

6. What is meant by population inversion?

7. Mention four applications of laser.

8. Give applications of superconductivity

(8 x 1 = 8 marks)

Part B


9. Explain phase change on reflection.

10. Why the centre of the Newton’s rings system seen in reflected light is dark?

11. Distinguish between interference and diffraction.

12. Explain optic axis and principal section of a crystal.

13. What is a Polaroid? Mention some uses of polaroids.

14. Write a note on pile of plate.

15. What are the components of laser? Briefly explain each.

16. Distinguish between stimulated emission and spontaneous emission.

17. Briefly explain Meissner effect.

18. Distinguish between type 1 and type 2 superconductors.

(6 x 2 = 12 marks)

( P.T.O )




19. A plano convex lens of radius of curvature 3m is placed on an optically plane glass plate

and is illuminated with monochromatic light. The diameter of the 8th dark ring in the

transmitted system is 0.72 cm. Find the wavelength of light used.

20. A monochromatic light of wavelength 6.56× 10-5cm is incident on a plane transmission

grating of width 2cm. If the first order is formed at 18°14l, find the total number of lines in

the grating.

21. A ray of light is incident on the surface of a plate of glass of refractive index 1.655 at the

polarizing angle. Calculate the angle of refraction.

22. An equilateral quartz prism is cut with its faces parallel to the optic axis. Calculate the

angles of minimum deviation for light of a given wavelength for ordinary and extra ordinary

rays. Given n0 = 1.5422 and nE = 1.5533.

23. Derive the necessary condition for light amplification.

24. Prove that probability for stimulated absorption is same as that for stimulated emission.

(4 x 4 = 16 marks)

Part D


25. Discuss the formation of interference fringes on a screen due to the monochromatic light

passing through two parallel slits on an opaque screen. Also arrive at the expression for

fringe width.

26. Give the theory of a plane transmission grating and describe how it is used to determine the

wavelength of light, using grating at normal incidence.

27. Describe the phenomenon of double refraction in uniaxial crystals. How this phenomenon is

explained using Huygen’s theory.

28. With a neat diagram, explain the principle and working of Helium Neon laser.

(2 x 12 =24 marks)



SYLLABUS FOR PRACTICAL – COMPLEMENTORY COURSES (for Mathematics & Chemistry.)

I & II SEMESTER A minimum of 8 experiments should be done in each practical course component


PAPER I

PHY2CP(P1)- COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS PRACTICAL

SEMESTER I

Sl.No: Experiments 1.

Vernier Calipers- Volume of a cylinder, sphere and a hollocylinder

2. Screw gauge - Volume of a sphere and a glass plate 3. Density of a liquid - U-Tube and Hare’s apparatus 4. Beam balance- Mass of a solid (sensibility method) 5. Travelling microscope - Radius of a capillary tube 6. Surface Tension – Capillary rise method 7. Cantilever - Pin & Microscope – Determination of Young’s

Modulus 8 Symmetric Compound Pendulum-Determination of radius of

gyration(K) and Acceleration due to gravity (g

8. Viscosity of a liquid - Variable pressure head 9. Spectrometer- Angle of prism

SEMESTER II Sl.No: Experiments

1 Cantilever – Scale and Telescope-Determination of Young’s modulus

2 Torsion pendulum - Rigidity modulus 3 Asymmetric Compound Pendulum-Determination of K and g 4 Characteristics of Zener diode 5 Half wave rectifier with and without filter-ripple factor and load

regulation 6 Mirror Galvanometer – Figure of merit 7 Viscosity-constant pressure head- coefficient of viscosity (η) of

the liquid 8 Spectrometer- Refractive Index of material of Prism 9 Liquid lens - Refractive Index of glass using liquid of known

refractive index 10 Potentiometer-Calibration of low range voltmeter




Division Maximum Marks


12



12


6





B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) PRACTICAL EXAMINATION, MARCH/APRIL, 2015

B. Sc. PHYSICS– FIRST YEAR

PHY2CP(P1)-COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS PRACTICAL


Instructions:

11. Write the register number on the top of the additional sheet.






help of graphs.









depression at the free end of the bar, using it as a cantilever. Mirror, scale and

telescope are given.

2. Verify the relation between length and the depression the free end of the bar, using it

as a cantilever. Hence calculate the Young’s modulus of the material of the bar.

Mirror, scale and telescope are given.

3. Using the asymmetrical compound pendulum, determine the radius of gyration about

the centre of gravity of the bar. Hence calculate the acceleration due to gravity.

4. Determine acceleration due to gravity at the place using asymmetrical compound

pendulum




pendulum.

6. Using the symmetrical compound pendulum, determine the radius of gyration about

the centre of gravity of the bar. Hence calculate the acceleration due to gravity.

7. Determine the coefficient of viscosity of a liquid by Poseuille’s capillary flow method

using variable pressure head arrangement. Measure the radius of capillary tube using

microscope.

8. Determine the surface tension of the liquid by capillary rise method. Measure the

radius of the capillary tube using microscope.

9. Determine the refractive index of the material of the prism using spectrometer by

measuring the angle of minimum deviation and angle of the prism.

10. Determine the optical constants of the given convex lens using liquid lens

arrangement. Refractive index of liquid = 1.33.

11. Construct a half wave rectifier using diodes with and without filter. Determine its

ripple factor and load regulation in both the cases.

12. Standardize the potentiometer using a Daniel cell and hence calibrate the given low

range voltmeter. Also draw the calibration graph.

13. Find the sensibility of a balance and hence the mass of the given body correct to a

milligram.

14. Draw the V-I characteristics of the given zener diode and hence (i) calculate the

dynamic and static resistances (ii) determine the break down and knee voltages.

15. Determine the rigidity modulus of the material of the given wire using torsion

pendulum.



III & IV SEMESTER



PAPER II

PHY4P(P2) - COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS PRACTICAL

SEMESTER III

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Non-uniform bending-Young’s modulus - Pin and Microscope method

2 Field along the axis of circular coil- Variation of magnetic field and determination of BH

3 Construction of regulated power supply using Zener diode

4 Carey Foster’s Bridge - Measurement of resistivity 5 Liquid lens - Refractive index of liquid

6 Searle’s vibration Magnetometer-Magnetic moment

7 Tangent Galvanometer – Ammeter calibration

8 Spectrometer – Prism – Dispersive power

9 Potentiometer-Calibration of low range ammeter. 10 Construction of full wave rectifier with and without filter –

Ripple factor and Load regulation

SEMESTER IV

Sl.No: Experiments

1 Uniform bending –Young’s modulus- Optic lever method.

2 Torsion pendulum (Equal mass method) - Rigidity modulus

and Moment of Inertia

3 Fly wheel - Moment of Inertia 4 Static Torsion - Rigidity modulus

5 Spectrometer - Grating Dispersive power

6 Newton’s rings - Wave length

7 Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer- m & Bh

8 Conversion of Galvanometer into voltmeter

9 Transistor characteristics- CE configuration

10 Gates – AND , OR, NOT- verification of truth table 11 Construction of CE amplifier – gain




Division Maximum Marks


12



12


6




ST.TERESA’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), ERNAKULAM B. Sc. DEGREE (C.B.C.S.S) PRACTICAL EXAMINATION, APRIL 2016

B. Sc. PHYSICS– SECOND YEAR

PHY4P(P2) COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS PRACTICAL

Duration: 3 hrs Total Marks: 40

Instructions: 21. Write the register number on the top of the additional sheet.






help of graphs.








1. Find the Young’s Modulus of the material of the given bar by uniform bending using an

optic lever for measuring the elevation at the centre of the bar.

2. Find the rigidity modulus of the material of the wire using torsion pendulum by equal

mass method.

3. Find the moment of inertia of the fly wheel.

4. Using static torsion apparatus find the rigidity modulus of the given rod.

5. Find the dipole moment of a bar magnet and the horizontal component of the earth’s flux

density at the place using vibration and deflection magnetometer in tan B position.

6. Standardise the grating using the green line of mercury spectrum and hence find the

wavelength of other prominent lines of mercury by normal incidence method. Also find

the dispersive power of grating.

7. Determine the refractive index of the given liquid using liquid lens arrangement.



8. Determine the dispersive power of the material of the prism for different pairs of the

mercury spectrum.

9. Construct and verify the truth table of AND, OR and NOT gates.

10. Standardise the potentiometer and hence calibrate a low range ammeter using

potentiometer.

11. Calibrate the given ammeter using tangent galvanometer.

12. Construct a full wave center tap rectifier with and without a shunt capacitor filter and

measure its ripple factor and load regulation. Compare the variation of d.c output voltage

with resistance in both cases graphically.

13. Construct a zener voltage regulator and study its line and load regulations.

Documents

CURRICULUM FOR BACHELOR’S PROGRAMME IN PHYSICS