CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF LEAD-BASED PAINTS AND PIGMENTS: AN EXAMPLE OF JAPAN Satoshi MURAO National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF LEAD-BASED PAINTS AND PIGMENTS: LEAD-BASED PAINTS AND PIGMENTS:

AN EXAMPLE OF JAPAN AN EXAMPLE OF JAPAN

Satoshi MURAO

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Second Meeting of the Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint July 9-11, Siam City Hotel, Bangkok

murao

Good afternoon.My name is Satoshi Murao. I am from the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan. I belong to the geo-environmental risk reseach group.Last month UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific asked my institute to review the status of lead-based paints in the Region. That is why I am here.Today I am going to talk about the current status and future of the said paints focusing on information from Japan.

Risk assessment of leadRisk assessment of leadhttp://unit.aist.go.jp/riss/crm/mainmenu/e_1-13.html

murao

Already we have basic information on hazard and risk of lead. For example, in 2007, my institute published a 404-page report which includes both human health risk and ecological risk assessment. The authors mean human general population and ecology acuatic organism in public water.You can download the file free from our website. But please be minded that the risks among workers through exposure in plants where lead is routinly used were excluded in this study.

Actions taken by Japanese paint industryActions taken by Japanese paint industry

• In July 1992, Japan Paint Manufactures Association (JPMA) declared for “Risk Reduction on Lead“.

• This declaration was in response to the OECD’s chemical risk reduction project in 1990, with lead as one of the top five candidates for reduction efforts.

• JPMA decided to promote risk reduction for lead voluntarily and not to use lead for (1) products to which infants and expecting mothers may be exposed ; and (2) products which may contact with water and food.

• JPMA adopted a volunteer standard JISK5674 (lead and chromium free anticorrosive paint) in November 2003.

• In 2007, JPMA Standard Paint Colors Version D excluded all lead-based paints. Japan

murao

Ladies and gentlemen, now I will turn to the issue in Japan.We have so many regulations for lead, such as

Green Purchasing Law enforced Green Purchasing Law enforced in April 2001in April 2001

• 国等による環境物品等の調達の推進等に関する法律

• Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services by the State and Other Entities

• Primer (under coat) should be lead-free.

Japan

http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/Law+Concerning+the+Promotion+of+Procurement+of+Eco-Friendly+Goods+and+Services+by+the+State+and+Other+Entities



Major lead compounds for paints and pigmentsMajor lead compounds for paints and pigments

• Chrome yellow: PbCrO4

• Molybdenum red (chrome vermilion):

PbCrO4 ・ nPbMoO4 ・ mPbSO4 ・ x Al(OH)3

• Red lead: Pb3O4

• Litharge: PbO

• White lead: 2PbCO3 ・ Pb(OH)2

Use of lead for pigments and compoundsUse of lead for pigments and compounds

(International Lead and Zinc Study Group, 2008)

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

India 13,100 11,500 11,800 12,700 13,500 1,2800

Korea 21,400 10,500 20,300 21,200 4,100 3,300 ,3000

Korea (pigment*)

9,452 4,638 8,966 9,363 1,811 1,458 1,325

Thailand 15,400 14,300 18,200 19,600 19,400 18,100

* Propotional distribution but for 2006

India, Korea, Thailand

murao

Let us study the values from India, Korea and Thailand. I have two rows for Korea, one for the lead use for pigment plus compounds and the other for only pigments. The lower row was determined by the proportional calculation of the upper row using an information in 2006.While Asia-Pacific is generally viewed as one combined region, we must remember that it is not a homogenous world.With respect to the paint consumption, at least, we can distinguish two groups. One is the countries of continuos decrease in consumption and the other of stable consumption.We should add information from China later for better analysis because China has experienced the most significant growth.

Lead used to produce pigments in Japan (t)Lead used to produce pigments in Japan (t)

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Chemicals

[1]38,30

029,30

020,10

020,60

025,70

019,40

0Industrial inorganic chemicals

[2]

27,18620,61

022,08

522,97

215,67

111,94

010,38

95,7425,4514,610

Pigments and paints*

1,8211,381

[3]1,4801,5391,050 800 696 385 365 309

* Proportional distribution based on the data in 2002[1] ILZSG (2008)[2] Kouzan (2011) Vol.64, No.7, p.94.[3] Japan Inorganic Chemical Industry Assoc. (2002)

Japan

murao

Let us turn to the observation in Japan. In order to estimate the use in Japan, we need a proportional calculation based on the data from 2002. We found paint and pigment information of Japan only for the fiscal year 2002. So we took a ratio between the total consumption and the use for paints and pigments, and applied the ratio to the value in other years.

Current and future trend of lead-based paint Current and future trend of lead-based paint (production and waste) in Japan(production and waste) in Japan

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Pb a

mou

nt [t

]

Production

Production (estimated)

Released as waste (estimated)

murao

Japan shows a drastic decrease in lead consumption. Then a new question may be raised from the floor: what will happen to the waste?Let me give you an answer.This figure shows a time-series variation in the lead production and waste for Japan. This result was obtained by the calculation of substance flow analysis SFA.

• Indian Paint Association

• Indonesian Paint Manufacturers' Association

• Korea Paint & Printing-Ink Industry Cooperative

• Singapore Paint Manufacturers Association

• Sri-Lanka Paint Manufacturers Association

• Thai Paint Manufacturers Association

• Taiwan Paint Industry Association

• China National Coatings Industry Association

• Japan Paint Manufacturers Association

• Malaysian Paint Manufacturers' Association

• Pakistan Paint Manufacturers' Association

• Bangladesh Paint Manufacturers Association

• Philippine Association of Paint Manufacturers

• Vietnam Paint and Printing Ink Association

• Australian Paint Manufacturers' Federation

Information from the Asian Paint Industry CouncilInformation from the Asian Paint Industry Council

murao

We need to obtain such information from Asia and the Pacific. I understand that the study on children's exposure to lead is important and we need information of crayon and toys.But I feel it difficult because in the Region, the information is dispersed and not many are diclosed.We do have Asian Paint Industry Council but through my two-week investigation, I could not find any datum which was presented at APIC meetings. I wonder where the country papers submitted at the conferences are archived.Ladies and gentlemen, Asia is leading the production and economy in terms of paint industry. Our close cooperation is necessary to achieve the sustainable development of the Region.

From 2002 to 2007, the global coatings market grew by over 30 percent. This is in stark contrast to the 2008-2009 timeframe, where the market actually contracted by nearly three percent.

The Asia-Pacific region has dramatically outperformed the global market in terms of both volume and value growth. From 2004 to 2009, the Asia-Pacific coatings segment grew by 60 percent in volume and value. Due to its rapid growth over the past five years, the Asia-Pacific region has become the largest market for paint and coatings in the world.

Scott Detiveaux and Allen Tsaur (2011). The Asia-Pacific Paint and Coatings Market.Retrieved July 5, 2012, from http://www.coatingsworld.com/issues/2011-08/view_features/the-asia-pacific-paint-and-coatings-market/

One of the bright spots in the coatings market One of the bright spots in the coatings market has been the Asia-Pacific. has been the Asia-Pacific.

murao

This presentation is just a preliminary one based on the two-week investigation. My final report will be submitted by the end of November.I hope the report will be reflected to the discussion on the safe use and governance of lead-based paints in Asia-Pacific.

Documents

CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF LEAD-BASED PAINTS AND PIGMENTS: AN EXAMPLE OF JAPAN Satoshi MURAO National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology