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CurrentAffairsWebinar

23-08-17to29-08-17

1. India’sExclusiveRightstoExplorePolymetallicNodulesExtended

India’sexclusiverightstoexplorepolymetallicnodulesfromseabedinCentralIndianOceanBasin(CIOB)havebeenextendedbyfiveyears.Thishasbeenapprovedunanimouslyinthe23rdsessionofInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)concludedrecentlyatKingston,Jamaica.

Keyfacts:§ Therightsextendedareover75000sq.kmofareaininternationalwatersallocatedby

InternationalSeabedAuthorityfordevelopmentalactivitiesforpolymetallicnodules.§ Theestimatedpolymetallicnoduleresourcepotentialinthisregionis380million

tonnes,containing4.7milliontonnesofnickel,4.29milliontonnesofcopperand0.55milliontonnesofcobaltand92.59milliontonnesofmanganese.

WhatarePolymetallicnodules?

§ Polymetallicnodules(alsoknownasmanganesenodules)arepotato-shaped,largelyporousnodulesfoundinabundancecarpetingtheseafloorofworldoceansindeepsea.

§ Besidesmanganeseandiron,theycontainnickel,copper,cobalt,lead,molybdenum,cadmium,vanadium,titanium,ofwhichnickel,cobaltandcopperareconsideredtobeofeconomicandstrategicimportance.

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Occurrence:

§ PenrhynBasinnearwithintheCookIslands.§ NorthcentralPacificOceaninaregioncalledtheClarionClippertonZone(CCZ)

roughlymidwaybetweenHawaiiandClippertonIslands§ PeruBasininthesoutheastPacific,and§ SoutherntropicalIndianOceaninaregiontermedtheIndianOceanNoduleField

(IONF)roughly500kmSEofDiegoGarciaIsland

§ ThelargestofthesedepositsintermsofnoduleabundanceandmetalconcentrationoccurintheClarionClippertonZoneonvastabyssalplainsinthedeepoceanbetween4,000and6,000m(13,000and20,000ft).

§ AllofthesedepositsareininternationalwatersapartfromthePenrhynBasin,whichlieswithintheexclusiveeconomiczoneoftheCookIslands.

Background:

§ Indiaisthefirstcountrytohavereceivedthestatusofapioneerinvestorin1987

andwasallocatedanexclusiveareainCentralIndianOceanBasinbyUnitedNations(UN)forexplorationandutilizationofnodules.

§ Indiaisoneamongthetop8-countries/contractorsandisimplementingalong–termprogrammeonexplorationandutilizationofPolymetallicNodulesthroughMinistryofEarthSciences.Thisincludessurveyandexploration,environmentalstudies,technologydevelopmentinminingandextractivemetallurgy,inwhichsignificantcontributionshavebeenmade.

AboutISA:

§ InternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)isaUNorganization(Observerstatus)

establishedbytheLawoftheSeaConvention(UNCLOS)toregulatetheexplorationandexploitationofmarinenon-livingresourcesofoceansininternationalwaters.

§ ItisanintergovernmentalbodybasedinKingston,Jamaicaanditseekstoorganize,regulateandcontrolallmineral-relatedactivitiesintheinternationalseabedareabeyondthelimitsofnationaljurisdiction

§ IndiaactivelycontributestotheworkofInternationalSeabedAuthority.Lastyear,Indiawasre-electedasamemberofCouncilofISA.

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2. Cloud-seedingprojectofKarnatakatakesoff

Karnatakahaslaunchedthemuch-toutedcloudseedingproject-namedVarshadhare.

HowdoesCloudSeedingwork?Cloud-seedingisatechniqueemployedtoincreaseprecipitationinclouds.Expertssayprecipitationincloudshasbeenaffectedrecentlyduetoincreaseinparticulatematterintheatmosphere,amongotherfactors.§ Cloud-seedingaimsatcatalysingtheprocessofprecipitation,sothatrainfallcouldbe

increasedby15-20%indrought-affectedareasoftheState§ Amongtheproblemsforsuccessfulprecipitationinrain-bearingcloudsarethatwater

dropletsformedinthecloudsaremuchsmaller.Dropletsformedinthecloudsareblownawayinthewindevenbeforetheyhavethetimetoreachearth.Moreover,smalldropletsdonothavetheenergytocollideandformlargedropletsthatcancomedownasrain.

§ ByintroducingimpuritiessuchasSilverIodide,PotassiumChlorideandothers,theobjectiveistoensurethatthesizeofthedropletsislargeenoughtofalldownasrain.

3. RebootingIndia-Nepalties

Context

• Indian interventionism inNepal havingbackfired, the visit ofNepal’snewlyanointedPrimeMinister,SherBahadurDeubaisanopportunitytoraisethelevelofbilateralties.

• India’s interest is to secure its ownneighbourhood and that can only be achieved byletting national politics and governance of the smaller neighbours evolve withoutinterference.

India’sNepalpolicy

• India played a valuable role in ending theMaoist insurgency in 2006, but the periodthereafterwasmarkedbyescalatingmicro-meddlinginNepal’sinternalaffairs.

• All mainstream political parties in Nepal raised question on India’s commitment tofacilitatingtheprocessofwritinganewconstitutioninNepal,despitethefactthatIndiahadplayedacrucialroleinensuringthesuccessofNepal’sdemocracymovement

• InConstitution-writing, therewereattempts todefine thenewprovincialboundariesaccordingtoIndiandictates

• IndiahasraiseditsreservationovernewlypassedNepaliconstitutionandcriticiseditfornotaddressingconcernsofMadhesisandothermarginalisedsection.

• The presence of India’s heavy hand contributed to the distortion of consensualgovernanceneededintransitionaltimes.

• India‘noted’ratherthanwelcomedtheConstitution.

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• AsocietytryingtoemergefromtheApril2015GreatEarthquakewasslappedwiththepunitiveGreatBlockade

• While keeping silent for years on Nepal’s post-conflict transitional justice process, in2015India’srepresentativeinGenevautilisedtheforumoftheHumanRightsCounciltoinfluencegovernmentchangeinKathmandu.

• IndianinterlocutorspushedtheNepaliCongresstorenegeonitspromisetocontinueincoalitionwiththemainstreamleftCommunistPartyofNepal(UnifiedMarxist-Leninist)

• IndianstrategistsareseekingwaystogetKathmandutoallowtheconstructionofhighdamsanddeepreservoirsonNepal’srivers—forfloodcontrol,navigation,urbanuseandirrigationinBiharandUttarPradesh.

• NewDelhimadedeep inroads intoNepal’spoliticalclass,but it reliesprimarilyontheMadhesiparties

• TheGreatBlockadeforcedtheKathmandutoreachouttoBeijingandsignaslewoftrade,transitandinfrastructuralagreementswithit.

• NepalistodaybetterconnectedbyairtoChinesecitiesthantoIndia.

Matterspending:

• NepalandIndiahavetoconcentrateonthenumerousmattersthatneedconcentrationandresolution

• Openborder-WhileitisNepal’sLeftthathastraditionallydemandedrestrictionsontheborder,thecallnowrisesfromtheIndiansecurityestablishment.

• MassivefloodsinNepalplainshavealsoaffecteddownstreamareasacrosstheborder.A permanent bilateral mechanism is required to save the plains population of Nepalfromsufferingo The Kosi Barrageand attendant embankments have the possibility of wreaking

havocbecausesiltationofsixdecadeshasraisedtheriverbedwithintheleveesfarabovetheoutlyingtracts

o TheeasyanswerfortheIndiaistodemandahighdaminthehillsofNepalevenasalternatives are not studied, such as redistribution of waters into various olderchannelsoftheKosiinBihar.

• TherightsofmigrantIndianlabourinNepalandNepali labourinIndia isatopicthatrarelycomesup

• Borderdisputespendingbetweenthetwocountries—atSusta,Kalapaniandthe‘tri-junction’ofLipulekh

• NepalhasplannedtosellelectricitytoIndiaonceithasahydropowersurplus.• ButIndiangovernmentdirectivethatitwillnotallowimportofelectricityotherthan

frompowercompanieswithmorethan51%Indianequity.• Thearbitraryblockagesandgo-slowatIndianCustomsatborderpoints,theselective

use of quarantine for the export of Nepali agricultural produce, the increasing high-handednessoftheSashastraSeemaBalindealingwithNepaliscrossingover.

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4. FinancialStabilityandDevelopmentCouncil(FSDC)

The17thMeetingoftheFinancialStabilityandDevelopmentCouncil(FSDC)wasrecentlyheldinNewDelhiundertheChairmanshipoftheUnionMinisterofFinance,ShriArunJaitley.§ TheCouncildiscussedtheissuesandchallengesfacingtheIndianeconomyand

Membersagreedontheneedtokeepconstantvigilandbeinastateofpreparednessofmanaginganyexternalandinternalvulnerabilities

§ FSDCtooknoteofthedevelopmentsandprogressmadeinsettingupofComputerEmergencyResponseTeamintheFinancialSector(CERT-Fin)andFinancialDataManagementCentreanddiscussedmeasuresfortimeboundimplementationoftheinstitutionbuildinginitiative.

StructureandMandate:

§ FSDCisanapex-levelbodyconstitutedbythegovernmentofIndiatofunctionasasuper-regulatorybodyinthefinancialsector

§ FSDCisnotastatutorybody§ Theglobaleconomicmeltdownof2009putpressureongovernmentsand

institutionsacrosstheglobetoregulatetheireconomicassets.ThiscouncilisseenasIndia'sinitiativetobebetterconditionedtopreventsuchincidentsinfuture.

§ Itsaimistostrengthenandmaintainfinancialstabilitywithoutdilutingtheautonomyofindividualregulators.

CompositionoftheCouncil:

Chairperson:TheUnionFinanceMinisterofIndia

Members:

§ GovernorofReserveBankofIndia(Vice-ChairpersonofFSDC)§ FinanceSecretaryand/orSecretary,DepartmentofEconomicAffairs(DEA),§ Secretary,DepartmentofFinancialServices(DFS),§ ChiefEconomicAdvisor,MinistryofFinance,§ Chairman,SecuritiesandExchangeBoardofIndia(SEBI),§ Chairman,InsuranceRegulatoryandDevelopmentAuthority(IRDA),§ Chairman,PensionFundRegulatoryandDevelopmentAuthority(PFRDA),§ Chairman,ForwardMarketsCommission(FMC),

RecentlyForwardMarketsCommission(FMC)hasbeenmergedintoSEBI.Responsibilities:

§ EnsureFinancialStability§ EncourageFinancialSectorDevelopment§ Inter-RegulatoryCoordination§ FinancialLiteracy

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§ FinancialInclusion§ Macroprudentialsupervisionoftheeconomyincludingthefunctioningoflarge

financialconglomerates§ CoordinatingIndia'sinternationalinterfacewithfinancialsectorbodieslike

theFinancialActionTaskForce(FATF),FinancialStabilityBoard(FSB)andanysuchbodyasmaybedecidedbytheFinanceMinisterfromtimetotime.

5. NITIAayogtolaunch“MentorIndia”Campaign

NITI Aayog is all set to launch the Mentor India Campaign,a strategic nation buildinginitiative to engage leaderswho can guide andmentor students atmore than 900AtalTinkeringLabs,establishedacrossthecountryasapartoftheAtalInnovationMission.

AboutMentorIndiacampaign:

§ MentorIndiaisaimedatmaximizingtheimpactofAtalTinkeringLabs,possiblythebiggestdisruptioninformaleducationglobally.

§ The idea is to engage leaders who will nurture and guide students in the AtalTinkering Labs. These labs are non-prescriptive by nature, and mentors areexpectedtobeenablersratherthaninstructors.

§ NITI Aayog is looking for leaders who can spend anywhere between one to twohourseveryweekinoneormoresuchlabstoenablestudentsexperience,learnandpracticefutureskillssuchasdesignandcomputationalthinking.

Background:

§ NITIAayog’sAtalInnovationMissionisamongoneoftheflagshipprogramsoftheGovernmentof India topromote innovationandentrepreneurship in thecountrytosetuptheAtalTinkeringLabsacrossthecountry.

§ TheMissionhas/isintheprocessofsettingup900+labsacrossIndiaandaimstohave2,000suchlabsbyendof2017.

§ Atal Tinkering Labsare dedicatedworks spaceswhere students fromClass 6th toClass 12th learn innovation skills and develop ideas thatwill go on to transformIndia.

§ Thelabsarepoweredtoacquaintstudentswithstate-of-the-artequipmentsuchas3Dprinters,robotics&electronicsdevelopmenttools,Internetofthings&sensorsetc.

§ Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) including Self-Employment and Talent Utilization(SETU)isGovernmentofIndia’sendeavourtopromoteacultureofinnovationandentrepreneurship.

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§ Itsobjectiveistoserveasaplatformforpromotionofworld-classInnovationHubs,Grand Challenges, Start-up businesses and other self-employment activities,particularlyintechnologydrivenareas.

6. N.Bhupathi,afrogwiththefaceofapig

Innews:

Nasikabatrachusbhupathi,afrogwiththefaceofapig

• Indian scientistshavediscoveredanewspeciesof frog thathasa snout-shapednose,justlikeapig’s.

• The soil-dwelling species, discovered by scientists from the Centre for Cellular andMolecular Biology (CCMB) in Hyderabad, has been named after the IndianherpetologistBhupathi.

• Location:The purple frog inhabits the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, neartheSrivilliputhurGrizzledGiantSquirrelWildlifeSanctuaryinTamilNadu.

EvidenceinfavourofContinentalDriftTheory:

• Thediscoveryissignificantasitconstitutesadditionalevidenceinfavourofthetheoryofcontinentaldrift.

• ThePurplefrogisan inhabitantofSeychelles,andthediscoveryofBhupathi’spurplefrog in Indiasuggeststhatthe Indiansubcontinentwaspartoftheancient landmassofGondwanabeforesplittingfromSeychelles65millionyearsago.

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7. CommissiontoexaminetheSub-CategorizationwithinOBCs

TheUnionCabinethasapprovedaproposalforsettingupofaCommissionunderArticle340oftheConstitutiontoexaminetheissueofsub-categorizationoftheOtherBackwardClasses(OBCs).§ TheCommissionshallsubmititsreportwithin12weeksfromthedateofappointment

oftheChairpersonoftheCommission.TheCommissionshallbeknownastheCommissiontoexaminethesub-categorizationofOtherBackwardClasses.

TermsofreferencesoftheCommissionareasfollows:§ Toexaminetheextentofinequitabledistributionofbenefitsofreservationamong

thecastes/communitiesincludedinthebroadcategoryofOBCs,withreferencetotheOBCsincludedintheCentrallist.

§ Toworkoutthemechanism,criteria,normsandparameters,inascientificapproach,forsub-categorizationwithinsuchOBCs.

§ Totakeuptheexerciseofidentifyingtherespectivecastes/communities/sub-castes/synonymsintheCentralListofOBCsandclassifyingthemintotheirrespectivesub-categories.

Issub-categorisationconstitutional?

§ TheSupremeCourtinitsorderinIndraSawhneyandothersvs.UnionofIndiaobservedthatthereisnoconstitutionalorlegalbartoaStatecategorizingbackwardclassesasbackwardormorebackwardandhadfurtherobservedthatifaStatechoosestodoit(sub-categorization),itisnotimpermissibleinlaw.

Creamylayercapenhanced:

• Increased the “creamy layer” ceilingfor the Other Backward Classes to ₹8 lakh perannumfromtheexisting₹6lakhforCentralgovernmentjobs.

PresentstatusofOBCreservations?

§ Atpresent,thereisasingleCentralOBClist,withentriesfromeachState.Peoplebelongingtoallofthesecastescanseekreservationfromwithinthesingle27%OBCreservationpieforCentralgovernmentjobsandCentraleducationalinstitutions.

§ NineStates,however,havealreadysub-categorisedOBCs.TheseareAndhraPradesh,Telangana,Puducherry,Karnataka,Haryana,Jharkhand,WestBengal,Bihar,MaharashtraandTamilNadu.

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§ OBCreservationbecamearealityaftertheimplementationoftheMandalCommissionreport,whichcategorisedmanycastesasconstitutingbackwardclassesanddeservingofquotas.Newcasteshavebeenaddedtothelistovertheyears.

OtherFacts:

• TheScheduledCasteshavea15%quotaandtheScheduledTribeshave5%quota.• Stateshavingsub-categorization:AndhraPradesh,Telangana,Puducherry,Karnataka,

Haryana,Jharkhand,WestBengal,Bihar,MaharashtraandTamilNadu.§

Whatarethepoliticalandsocialimplicationsofthemove?

§ Politically,thiscanbeseenasanattemptbythegovernmenttoreachouttothemostbackwardcastesamongtheOBCs.Atpresent,manyfeelthatthemoreadvancedOBCcastescornerthelion’sshareofthebenefitsandhavebecomeinfluential.

§ NotonlywillsuchamoveoffermoreopportunitiestothemostbackwardcastesamongtheOBCsbutalsogivethegovernmentandtherulingpartyanopportunitytocarveoutanewpoliticalconstituency.

8. SaudijobschemefavouringlocalstohitIndianshard

Nitaqat(orSaudisation)Scheme

§ Saudisation of the workforce—the replacement of foreign workers with Saudinationalsintheprivatesector—istheofficialnationalpolicyoftheKingdomofSaudiArabia.

§ ThisnewrevisedschemeisablowtoIndianmigrants.§ TheNitaqatsystemwasfirst introduced inmid-2011 toencourageemploymentof

Saudinationals.§ Employers are divided into four categories, Platinum, Green (with three sub

categories of high, medium and low), Yellow and Red. Those in Platinum have ahigherproportionofSaudinationalsasemployees

Newrevisedrulesanditsimpact

§ FromSeptember2017,onlyahandfuloforganisationswithhighgrades(‘Platinum’and ‘HighGreen’ categories)—based on number of Saudi nationals employed bythem and other criteria—will be able to apply for new block visas formigrantemployees.

§ Construction and hospitality, sectors which falls under low category have apredominantlybluecollarIndianworkforce,areunlikelytogainfromsuchrules.

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§ Workers already employed in companies falling in low categories cannot betransferredfromoneemployertoanother.

§ KeyFact:In2016,therewerenearly25lakhIndiansworkinginSaudiArabia

9. NewCentralSectorScheme–“PradhanMantriKisanSampadaYojana”

TheCabinetCommitteeonEconomicAffairs,chairedbythePrimeMinisterShriNarendraModi,hasapprovedtherenamingofthenewCentralSectorScheme–SAMPADA(SchemeforAgro-MarineProcessingandDevelopmentofAgro-ProcessingClusters)as“PradhanMantriKisanSampadaYojana(PMKSY)“fortheperiodof2016-20coterminouswiththe14thFinanceCommissioncycle.

Objective:TheobjectiveofPMKSYistosupplementagriculture,modernizeprocessinganddecreaseAgri-Waste.

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FinancialAllocation:

PMKSYwithanallocationofRs.6,000croreisexpectedtoleverageinvestmentofRs.31,400crore,handlingof334lakhMTagro-producevaluingRs.1,04,125crore,benefit20lakhfarmersandgenerate5,30,500direct/indirectemploymentinthecountrybytheyear2019-20.

Impacts:§ TheimplementationofPMKSYwillresultincreationofmoderninfrastructurewith

efficientsupplychainmanagementfromfarmgatetoretailoutlet.§ Itwillprovideabigboosttothegrowthoffoodprocessingsectorinthecountry.§ Itwillhelpinprovidingbetterpricestofarmersandisabigsteptowardsdoublingof

farmers’income.§ Itwillcreatehugeemploymentopportunitiesespeciallyintheruralareas.§ Itwillalsohelpinreducingwastageofagriculturalproduce,increasingtheprocessing

level,availabilityofsafeandconvenientprocessedfoodsataffordablepricetoconsumersandenhancingtheexportoftheprocessedfoods.

Background:PMKSYisanumbrellaschemeincorporatingongoingschemesandaswellasfewnewschemesoftheMinistry-

Ø MegaFoodParks,Ø IntegratedColdChainandValueAdditionInfrastructure,Ø FoodSafetyandQualityAssuranceInfrastructure,Ø InfrastructureforAgro-processingClusters,Ø CreationofBackwardandForwardLinkages,Ø Creation/ExpansionofFoodProcessing&PreservationCapacities.

10. Mossservesasacheappollutionmonitor

AsperthelatestresearchbyscientistsfromJapan,delicatemossesfoundonrocksandtreesincitiesaroundtheworldcanbeusedtomeasuretheimpactofatmosphericchangeandcouldprovealow-costwaytomonitorurbanpollution.§ Researchersfoundthatmoss-the“bioindicator”-respondstopollutionordrought-

stressbychangingshape,densityordisappearing,allowingscientiststocalculateatmosphericalterations.

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Importanceofthesefindings:§ Mossesareacommonplantinallcitiessothismethodcanbeusedinmanycountries.

Theyhaveabigpotentialtobebioindicators.§ Mosses–whichgenerallyabsorbwaterandnutrientsfromtheirimmediate

environments–areoftencheapertousethanothermethodsofenvironmentalevaluation,andcanalsoreflectchangestoecosystems.

AboutMosses:

§ Mossesaresmallflowerlessplantsthattypicallygrowindensegreenclumpsormats,oftenindamporshadylocations.

§ Theindividualplantsareusuallycomposedofsimpleleavesthataregenerallyonlyonecellthick,attachedtoastemthatmaybebranchedorunbranchedandhasonlyalimitedroleinconductingwaterandnutrients.

§ Althoughsomespecieshaveconductingtissues,thesearegenerallypoorlydevelopedandstructurallydifferentfromsimilartissuefoundinvascularplants.

§ Mossesdonothaveseedsandafterfertilisationdevelopsporophyteswithunbranchedstalkstoppedwithsinglecapsulescontainingspores.

11. Microsoftlaunches‘ProjectBrainwave’forreal-timeAI

SoftwaregiantMicrosofthasannounceditsProjectBrainwavedeeplearningaccelerationplatformforreal-timeartificialintelligence(AI).

Keyfacts:§ The‘ProjectBrainwave’usesthemassivefield-programmablegatearray(FPGA)

infrastructurethatMicrosofthasbeendeployingoverthepastfewyears.§ Withthehelpofultra-lowlatency,thesystemprocessesrequestsasfastasitreceives

them.§ Thesystemarchitecturereduceslatency,sincetheCPUdoesnotneedtoprocess

incomingrequests,andallowsveryhighthroughput,withtheFPGAprocessingrequestsasfastasthenetworkcanstreamthem.

§ Thesystemhasbeenarchitectedtoyieldhighactualperformanceacrossawiderangeofcomplexmodels,withbatch-freeexecution.

Background:Real-timeAIisbecomingincreasinglyimportantascloudinfrastructuresprocesslivedatastreams,whethertheybesearchqueries,videos,sensorstreams,orinteractionswithusers.

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12. OceanforecastingsystemforMadagascarandMozambique

Innews:

§ TheIndianNationalCentreforOceanInformationServices(INCOIS)oftheMinistryof Earth Scienceshas inaugurated theOcean Forecasting SystemforComoros,Madagascar,andMozambique

§ Itwas done at the thirdMinisterialMeeting of Regional IntegratedMulti-HazardEarlyWarningSystemforAsiaandAfrica(RIMES)

§ ThemeetingwasheldatPortMoresby,PapuaNewGuinea§ TheMinisterialcouncilandtheWMOlaudedandplacedonrecordtheinitiativesof

INCOIS/India in providing the ocean forecast and early warning services to theIndianOceancountries

Sharingthebenefits:

§ Theoceanforecastandearlywarming informationonhighwave,currents,winds,tides,sub-surfaceoceanconditionscatertouserslike

o Fishermen,o Coastalpopulation,o Tourismsector,o Coastaldefenseofficials,o Marinepolice,o Portauthorities,o Researchinstitutionsandoffshoreindustriesofthesecountries

§ Thesystemwouldofferoilspilladvisoryservices,highwavealerts,portwarnings,forecastalongtheshiproutesinadditiontotsunamiandstormsurgewarningsandhelpinsearchandrescueoperations.

AboutRIMES:

§ TheRegionalIntegratedMulti-HazardEarlyWarningSystemforAfricaandAsia(RIMES)isaninternationalandintergovernmentalinstitution,ownedandmanagedbyitsMemberStates,forthegenerationandapplicationofearlywarninginformation.

§ RIMESprovidesregionalearlywarningservicesandbuildscapacityofitsMemberStatesintheend-to-endearlywarningoftsunamiandhydro-meteorologicalhazards.

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13. NuakhaiJuhar

§ NuakhaiJuharwascelebratedacrossOdishaonAugust26th

§ Nuakhai isthechieffestivalofWesternOdisha. It istheharvestfestivalofOdishawhereinfarmersareinpossessionofnewriceoftheseason.

§ TheyofferthefirstproduceoftheirrespectivelandstoGoddessSamaleswariandthenconsumeitpersonally.It isoneofthemajorfestivalscelebratedwidelyinthestate.