Cures 3S 2-3• Cures for disorders relied on pre-Islamic

(before the founding of Islam in 600s) traditions

• Bloodletting and cupping (drawing blood to surface of skin w/ heated cups) was popular healing methods

• Used broths, elixirs, liniments, salves and powders w/ natural ingredients (ex. Milk, herbs)

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Cures 3S 3• Exilir– Substance believed to have special properties

(ability to prolong life)– Medicine mixture

• Salve– Healing cream/ointment

• Liniments– Liquid applied to skin

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Cures 3S 3• For…– Broken bones• Massaged area, rubbed w/ ointment and immobilized it

• Muslims belived supernatural forces (evil eye and spirits) affected personal health

• Islamic physicians had little success w/ surgery– Rarley saved those w/ major internal wounds

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Cures 3S 3• To protect from illness…– Muslims wore charms– Wore amulets– Wore talismans made from stones/animal parts– Carried written magical sayings or in homes

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Tools/Antibiotics 3Q 3• “Alchemists discovered numerous substances

with healing properties. Man modern drugs have their origins in these findings, and modern chemists use processing methods developed by the alchemists”

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Greek Influence 3Q/S 3• “Greek traditions influenced Islamic healing

methods”• Humors method/theory became basis of

medical practice- promoted by Hippocrates• Existence of humors (body fluids) blood,

phlegm, yellow bile and black bile

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Abbasid Caliphate 3s 3• Research excelled during this caliphate• Translated Greek text to Arabic• Created encyclopedias, teaching texts, and

self help manuals based on works of Galen• Advanced in pharmacology, ophthalmology

(study of eye disease), optics, surgery and contagion

• Writing called Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sina put Galen’s works together

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Abbasid Caliphate 3S 3-4• Ibn al-Nafis described how blood circulates

through the human heart• Treated all patients at hospitals regardless of

gender, religion or social class• Hospitals offered treatment for mental illness

and contagions• Number of hospitals increased• Nuri hospital and Mansuri hospital were

prominent institutions of this caliphate

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Influence of Muhammad 3S 4• Many muslims believe in a “medicine of the

prophet”• Scholar Ibn-Qaayyim al-Jawziyan published

‘Medicine of the Prophet’ (a collection of medical reports), including magical and natural remedies

• Use herbal cures for headaches, stomach problems, coughs, or pray and charms

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Western/European Methods 3S/Q 4-5• Provide drop in infant mortality• “1981- First international conference on

Islamic medicine to promote Muslim principles in health care”

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Ulama 3S 5• Ulama debated their compatibility w/ Islam

issues• In Saudi Arabia citizens asked Ulama to rule

organ transplants• Ulama said organ donations are ok if the

donor allows it

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Fazlur Rahman- Pakistani Philosopher 3S/Q 5

• Needs of living are more important than dead• Disapproved of the practice of keeping

someone living by unnatural means• Qu’ran emphasizes “quality over quantity for

life”

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Cosmetic Surgery 3S/Q 5• Believe that “beauty is a gift of God” and that

they should alter their face/appearance to “relieved physical suffering or psychological distress

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Hospitals 6P 3• Treated men and women in separate wards• Financed or supported by government• 10th century-extended to rural areas, prisons

and inner city areas• Medicine practice based on Greeks, Persians,

India• Used sedatives for relaxation of patient

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Ibn Sina-Doctor 6P 2• Believed health problems caused by the

interferance of the body’s natural healing process– Ex. Keep using a sore arm instead of resting it– Ex. Not enough sleep to fight disease

• Treatments– Herbs– Hot baths– Surgery to remove blockage internally

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Doctors 6P 3• Used antiseptics to clean wounds- unheard of

until 19th century• Spanish doctor Al-Zahrawi designed knives,

scalpels, probes, hooks to use during operation

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Doctors 3S 2• Relied on 3 sources– The Qu’ran– The Hadiath– Folk Remedies

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