Culture profile of Turkey and Hungary

By: Bálint HofgardBjörn Meyer

Andrea SárkányAnett Tiringer

Gréta VidaJúlia Záhorszki

Structure of the presentation

• General knowledge of the two country• Economy, Politics, Population characteristics,

romotion opportunities• Five-dimensional modell of Geert Hofstede - Turkey• Five-dimensional modell of Geert Hofstede -

Hungary• Differences between Turkey and Hungary• Summary

Budapest

Ankara

General knowledge about Turkey

783,562 km2

75,627,384 people

Unitary parliamentary republic

Turkish

Turkish lira

General knowledge about Hungary

93,030 km2

9,942,000 people

Parliamentary republic

Hungarian

Forint

Legal form of the countries

• Base of their jurisdiction is the Saría

• It is used in all fields of life

• It is the main means of regulating the life of the community

• Its use and interpretation differs regionally and culturally

• Its main sources are the Koran and Szunna

• The jurisdiction based on the Basic Law

• It included the fundamental rights and duties of citizens

• The Constitution, the highest law of the state

• The Fourth Amendment was the greatest change ever in their law. It affected the law in 22 points

Economic stability

• GDP considerably increasing • Data shows a downward trend in state debt• Unemployment is decreasing • Hungarian export to Turkey is increasing at a

higher rate, than import• The economy is growing, due to trade and

foreing investment (tourism, agriculture, manufacturing)

Politics

• Corruption index shows that situation in Turkey is similar to in Hungary (Hungary is 46., while is Turkey is 54.)

• There are negotiations going on concerning EU membership

• Government trying to ease some restrictions on Kurdish language ad culture

Population characteristics

• Household in rural areas are bigger, there are more children in the family

• People in cities have a higher standard of living, they have more income

• Thus, firstly, we shoud aim at bigger cities, such as Ankara, Istambul, Izmir etc.

Promotion opportunities

• Membership in the chambers of industry and commerce is mandatory

• Daily papers with a circulation number of several hundreds of thousands (f.e.:Hürriyet, Milliyet, Sabah) and economic journal (Dunya)

• Sixteen national channels broadcast their programs (300 private TV, more than 1000 radio station)

• About 36.4 million people were online in mid-2012 (some sites may be filtered, e.g.: Youtube)

• There is a strong censorship in Turkey

Five-dimensional model of Geert Hofstede

• Small and large power distance• Individualism and collectivism• Masculinity and feminility• Give uncertainty miss about weak and strong• Long-term versus short-term orientation

Small and large power distanceSmall power distance:

– Minimize the differences between people,where the power distance is low

– People are equal, for example: • teacher -student relationship• Boss –employee relationship

• Such like that: Denmark, Sweden, Ireland

Large power distance:– The hierarchy is determinative– Social Inequality– Hierarchy at all walks of life (hierarchia az élet minden területén): in

case of school, home, workplace,

• This includes: China, Venezuela and the arabian countries

Small and large power distance• Hungary has medium power distance

index

• It means, that in everyday life in the hierarchy plays a major role.

• There are large differences in generation of the hungarian culture

• The young Hungaryan managers less uncertain as the older generation.

• British and American managers mentioned that there is strong hierarchical organizational behavior in hungarian people and they are more formal

• Characteristic of Turkish people:- dependent- superiors- hierarchical- often inaccessible

• The ideal boss-type is a father figure

• Employees expect to be told what to do

• The communication is indirect and the information flow is selective

• The people rely on their bosses and on rules

• Respect and honor plays a big role, especially to the older people

Individualism and collectivism - Turkey

Individualism

• People belong to in-groups (family, clans and organizations), who look after each other in exchange for loyalty

• The “we” is very important• Harmony of the group has been maintained. Open

conflicts are avoided.• The relationship has a moral base• Feedback is always indirect• Time must be invested to establish a relationship of trust• You have to spend time to know each other

Masculinity and femininity - Turkey• Turkeys masculinity and femininity are basically

balanced, but more on the feminine side

• Softer aspects of culture such as leveling with others, consensus, sympathy for the underdog and encouraged are valued

• Conflicts are avoids in private and in business

• Leisure life is important for Turks– Time with the whole family– Time with the clan– Or friends

Uncertainty avoidance - Turkey

• Turkish people need a lot of laws and rules

• The Turks do a lot of rituals to minimize the anxiety

• For foreigners it seems religions, but often they are only traditional social patterns

Short term orientation - Turkey

• The Turkish people are more short term orientationed

• Because, their religion creates a tradition, thus creating a short term orientation for their culture

Individualism and collectivism - Hungary

Individualism

• The hungarian culture is individualism, so it means that it becomes conspicous and it is more important than the interests of society.

• The culture of individualism feature the self-reliance and centralism too

Collectivism

• It is the opposite of individualism and it is ahead the group’s interest, than individual’s interests.

Hungarian culture

Masculinity and feminility - Hungary

Masculinity culture

• Material welfare

• Sturdiness

• Emotion discrimination

• Spiritually strong

Feminim culture

• Take care

• Human relationship is important

• Solidarity

• "We work to live"Hungarian culture

Give uncertainty miss about weak and strong?????????

The hungarian culture is strongly uncertainty

Stress

Anxiety

UncertaintyRisk Fear of the

unknown

The different things are

surely dangerous

Dismiss the innovation

Long-term versus short-term orientation

The dynamic future-orientation contrasts the static past and present orientation

Persistence

Perseverance

Clear separation of status

Develop a sense of shame in those who

fail to fulfill the tasks

Thrift

This model shows mostly the difference between the approach of European and Asia

Short-term time orientation

Long-term time orientation

Differences between Turkey and Hungary

• Salutation:– With deep bow– Handshake: with the

right hand only– Friends: salute with

2 kisses– Salute older people

with hand kissing– Low distance

between parties

• Salutation: – Name and polite

phrase (Kovács úr – Mr.Kovács)

– Rank and polite phrase (Miniszter úr – Minister)

• Business card: it’s very important in the business life

• Taboo topics: – Can’t eat with left

hand– Can’t ask men about

his femal family member

– Don’t praise things are in the flat or in office

– Don’t go away in front of a praying people

– Don’t criticize people who are not present

• Taboo topics: – Family and personal

matters– Others religion,

political beliefs criticizing

– Negative comments to private person, who is present

– Financial position

Differences between Turkey and Hungary

Differences between Turkey and Hungary

• Clothing habits: – Formal dress for men:

suit and tie– Formal for women:

costume with high-heeled shoes (can’t decolletage)

– Women can’t wear trousers)

– Short can wear only the beach

– Jeans accepted if it is not shabby

• Clothing habits: – Formal and

conservative

– Men: dark suit, white shirt, tie

– Women: suits or elegant dresses, high quality accessories

– In the business world you cannot wear shorts

– Weekdays jeans accepted

Differences between Turkey and Hungary

• Negotiating habits:– Subjective mentality– Mix of the european and

asian values – Public expression of

emotion is natural– Negotiation processes

are longer than in Europe– Negotiations start with

discussion of personal topics

– Not typical: confidental business relationships

• Negotiating habits:– Transaction is a slow

process– Includes eating,

drinking, entertainment– Want to understand

everything, curious– Contracts are

understandable and concise

– Hungarians are prepared negotiators

Summary

• Turkey is a big country, with large population and several opportunities

• There are existing Turkish-Hungarian relations• The stable economic growth offers great potential to

penetrate the market, and make profit• Many ways of advertising is possible• By respecting, studying and adepting to their

culture, habbits, and relegion, we can survive, grow, and maybe, later on, dominate the market

Thank you for your attention!