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CULTUREMAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS
Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama Buddha (the awakened one)
4th Largest Religion ~250-500 million followers
Buddhism
Three Jewels (foundations) Buddha The Dharma (teachings) Sangha (the community)
2 Major Branches Theravada (“The School
of the Elders”) Mahayana (“The Great
Vehicle”) Nirvana requires
sacrifice, but stops the cycle of suffering and death
Rebirth
Five Precepts1. To refrain from taking
life or ahimsā2. To refrain from taking
that which is not given
3. To refrain from sensual misconduct
4. To refrain from lying5. To refrain from
intoxicants which lead to loss of mindfulness
“Bottom-up” religion
Buddhism
Christianity
Trinity God (father), Son (Jesus) and Holy Spirit
World’s Largest Religion ~1.5-2.2 Billion Followers
Christianity
Monotheistic Abrahamic ties to
Judaism Originated in
Mediterranean Jesus as Messiah 4 Major Branches
Catholic Eastern Orthodox Anglican Protestant
Sin Repentance + Jesus = Salvation
Text: Bible Soul lives forever
Creeds1. belief in God the
Father, Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the Holy Spirit
2. the death, descent into hell, resurrection, and ascension of Christ
3. the holiness of the Church and the communion of saints
4. Christ's second coming, the Day of Judgement and salvation of the faithful.
Christianity
Hinduism
Formed of diverse traditions with no single founder
3rd Largest Religion ~1 Billion Followers
Hinduism
Texts: The Vedas, Ramayana, Mahabharata, and more!
Influenced by many other belief systems
Henotheistic Brahma the Creator Vishnu, (Krishna) the
Preserver Shiva, the Destroyer
2 Major Branches Vaishnavaism Shivaism
Doctrine of the Fourfold The three goals of the
"pravritti," those who are in the world, are: dharma: righteousness
in their religious life. artha: success in their
economic life kama: gratification of
the senses The main goal for the
"nivritti," those who renounce the world. is: moksa: Liberation from
"samsara." This is considered the supreme goal of mankind
Hinduism
Islam
Muhammad Prophet for Allah
2nd Largest Religion ~1.57 Billion Followers
Islam
Abrahamic Monotheistic Text: Qur’an 2 Major Branches
Sunni (87-90%) Shi’ite (~10%)
Fastest growing religion
Youngest religion
Five Pillars Shahadah: “There
is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger.”
Salat: Requirement to pray five times a day
Zakat: The practice of charitable giving
Sawm: Fasting Hajj: Pilgrimage to
Mecca
Islam
Judaism
Covenantal relationship with God as revealed to Moses
Mostly ethno-religious 13 Million Followers
Judaism
Abrahamic Monotheistic
(oldest) Text: Torah,
Talmud and others.
12 Tribes Children of Israel
Inspired Christianity and Islam
3 Major Branches Orthodox Conservative Reform
13 Beliefs God exists. God is one and unique. God is incorporeal. God is eternal. Prayer is to be directed to God alone and to
no other. The words of the prophets are true. Moses was the greatest of the prophets, and
his prophecies are true. The Written Torah (first 5 books of the Bible)
and Oral Torah (teachings now contained in the Talmud and other writings) were given to Moses.
There will be no other Torah. God knows the thoughts and deeds of men. God will reward the good and punish the
wicked. The Messiah will come. The dead will be resurrected
Judaism
THE END!
A non-Jew asked Rabbi Hillel to teach him everything about the Torah while standing on one foot. Rabbi Hillel responded: "What is hateful to you, don't do unto your neighbor. The rest is commentary. Now, go and study."