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Cultural Resources Cultural Resources Protection Protection a a Pro Pro active Approach active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November 23, 2010 Chicago, IL, November 23, 2010 1 Image Source: www.nysgis.state.ny.us

Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

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Page 1: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Cultural Resources Cultural Resources  ProtectionProtection aa

ProPro‐‐active Approach active Approach  George R. Frantz, AICPGeorge R. Frantz, AICP

Presented to American Planning AssociationPresented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November 23, 2010Chicago, IL, November 23, 2010

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Image Source:  www.nysgis.state.ny.us

Page 2: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

The Issue

Native American historical and cultural sites Native American historical and cultural sites  have fared poorly at the hand of the design have fared poorly at the hand of the design 

professions.professions.

““Shovel and shutShovel and shut‐‐upup””

approach approach  unfortunately still exists in too many places.unfortunately still exists in too many places.

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Page 3: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

The IssueArchaeological sites unknown quantity;Federal & state laws limited  effectiveness;Generally only apply where public $$$ involved;New York: State Environmental Quality Review – public & private projects.

Cartoon:  Dolores Hayden, Grand Domestic 

Revolution.  1980

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Page 4: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

The IssueTangible Resources vs. Intangible Resources

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Page 5: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Project GenesisDesire to locate and protect the site of Coreorgonel, an Iroquoian town of +/‐ 2,000 destroyed by American forces in Revolutionary War. Image Source:  www.nysgis.state.ny.us

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Page 6: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Project Genesis

Desire to avoid the conflict that many times erupts when developers’ plans are pitted against protection of cultural resources.

Image Source:  www.nysgis.state.ny.us

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Page 7: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

The ChallengeAccommodating growth and development.

whileProtecting an important cultural resource and sensitive Native American site, and doing so in a unique, cost effective and non‐adversarial manner.

Image Source:  Microsoft Bing

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Page 8: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Project ObjectivesShort‐circuit potential controversy using pre‐emptive cultural resources survey to identify areas of archaeological importance in the valley.

Develop a model for collaboration between academic institutions, local governments and landowners to identify & protect cultural resources.

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Page 9: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Project ObjectivesPermit the design and approval of two future residential developments in the area while protecting critical historic and cultural resources.

Create a constituency within the community for the protection of cultural resources.

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Page 10: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Methodology

• Phase I‐a literature  search & report;

• Phase I‐b shovel test  pits on 125 acres;

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Page 11: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Methodology• Parkland dedications 

ID’ed in collaboration  with developers;

• Development phasing  determined

• Phase II excavations on  5 features identified in  Phase I‐b.

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Page 12: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

EvolutionA catalyst for a multi‐year research, design and public education initiative.

A place redefined: the Inlet Valley from highway corridor to an area rich in history.

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Page 13: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

“We’re Not Dead Yet”A rediscovery of a rich native American heritage in the occupation of the Inlet valley by the Tutelo/Saponi peoples.

A new public park that includes a space set aside for contemplation and commemoration of Native American heritage.

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Page 14: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

ParticipantsDepartment of City & Regional Planning, Department of Landscape Architecture, Cornell University.

Town of Ithaca Planning Department.

Developers : Eddydale Homes & E. Tomlinson, III

Cayuga Nation of Indians

Tutelo and Saponi nations

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Page 15: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Lessons LearnedCommunities can and should pro‐actively embark on cultural resources surveys wherever the historic record shows the potential presence of archaeological site.

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Page 16: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Lessons LearnedPlanners can and should work with landowners and the community to determine presence of archaeological sites before design begins.

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Page 17: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Lessons LearnedThe Native American community can and should be brought to the table early on as an active partner and valuable informant.

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Page 18: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Lessons LearnedColleges and universities have an important role:

critical expertise in archaeology;

resources to conduct excavations.

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Page 19: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Lessons LearnedA proactive, cooperative approach to identifying cultural resources is both practical and cost effective.

Controversy over historic and cultural resources can be short‐circuited.

The development review and approval process does not have to be delayed.

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Page 20: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Lessons LearnedThe authority municipalities possess in many states to require park and open space dedications of developers can be a tool for protecting cultural resources.

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Page 21: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Present & FutureA new constituency for the protection of the Coreorgonel townsite is established.

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Page 22: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Present & FutureTown of Ithaca in September 1999 named one of two park sites acquired as a result of the IVAS “Tutelo Park.”

Dedicated the park to preserving the heritage of the native American presence in the Inlet Valley.

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Page 23: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

Present & FutureIn September 2006 the  commemoration was expanded into the “Homecoming Festival of Native American Culture,” a one‐day event featuring music, dance, food, presentations and exhibits at Tutelo Park. 

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Page 24: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

IVAS Part II

March 2010Local micro‐brewery acquires site to build new brewery/restaurant/beer garden;

Presents sketch plan to Town of Ithaca Planning Board;

Proposed development outside IVAS test area.

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Page 25: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

IVAS Part IIUnder NY State 

Environmental Quality  Review Act,  Town of 

Ithaca must consider  potential impacts on  historic and cultural 

resources prior to  approving project.

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Page 26: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

IVAS Part II

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• Developer hires  archaeologist to  complete Phase I‐a, 

Phase I‐b studies; 

• Development site is  “clean;”

• Report incorporated in  Town’s environmental  review

Page 27: Cultural Resources Protection · Cultural Resources Protection a Pro Pro ‐ active Approach George R. Frantz, AICP Presented to American Planning Association Chicago, IL, November

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Questions?George R. Frantz, AICPGeorge R. Frantz, AICP

Department of City & Regional PlanningDepartment of City & Regional PlanningCornell University, Ithaca, NYCornell University, Ithaca, NY

[email protected]@cornell.edu