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Cultural AwarenessCultural AwarenessIn In
Youth ExchangeYouth Exchange
Dennis WhiteDennis [email protected]@itol.com
www.yeoresources.orgwww.yeoresources.org
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www.yeoresources.org www.yeoresources.org
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presentations and resources.presentations and resources.
Historical Cross-Historical Cross-Cultural Travelers:Cultural Travelers:
Marco Polo Marco Polo Christopher Christopher Columbus Mark Columbus Mark Twain Twain
““You can’t trust your eyes if You can’t trust your eyes if your mind is out of focus.”your mind is out of focus.”
Mark TwainMark Twain
Confronting Confronting Ethnocentrism in Ethnocentrism in
literature and Filmliterature and FilmRobinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe Huck Finn Huck Finn Michener’s Michener’s Hawaii Hawaii The Poisonwood BibleThe Poisonwood Bible
People can learn to look for People can learn to look for issues in crossing cultures in issues in crossing cultures in
popular filmspopular films
Some Films That Present Differences in Some Films That Present Differences in Cultural Values.doc Cultural Values.doc
Dances With WolvesDances With Wolves
Some Films That Present Differences in Some Films That Present Differences in Cultural Values.doc Cultural Values.doc
The history of crossing cultures The history of crossing cultures has been the history of has been the history of confronting differencesconfronting differences
Research suggests that the path to Research suggests that the path to preparing culturally competent preparing culturally competent individuals involves both individuals involves both (a) (a) Area Studies. Language, cultural Area Studies. Language, cultural customs, etc. customs, etc.
(b) Theoretical Orientation to (b) Theoretical Orientation to Culture, including simulations and Culture, including simulations and roleplays. roleplays.
Both are useful. But there are Both are useful. But there are disadvantages to a. disadvantages to a.
1.1. It’s hard to find enough experts.It’s hard to find enough experts.
2.2. Within any national culture are Within any national culture are many sub cultures.many sub cultures.
3.3. All cultures are dynamic and All cultures are dynamic and constantly changing.constantly changing.
What is culture?What is culture?
• Culture is learned behavior, not Culture is learned behavior, not
hereditary or genetic. hereditary or genetic. • Culture is the acquired knowledge Culture is the acquired knowledge
(not indigenous or instinctual) that (not indigenous or instinctual) that
groups use in order to interpret the groups use in order to interpret the
world around them, to generate social behavior, and to decipher the behavior world around them, to generate social behavior, and to decipher the behavior
of others. of others.
• Culture is everything that is not aCulture is everything that is not a part of nature. part of nature. As an example, a tree is part of the natural world whereas a wooden chair, made from the tree, is part of the multiple inventions As an example, a tree is part of the natural world whereas a wooden chair, made from the tree, is part of the multiple inventions and manifestations of culture. and manifestations of culture.
What is culture?What is culture?
CultureCultureAn integrated system of An integrated system of
learned behavior patterns learned behavior patterns that are characteristic of that are characteristic of
any given society or group. any given society or group. It refers to the total way It refers to the total way
of life, including how of life, including how people think, feel and people think, feel and
behave.behave.
Think of color-blindness as Think of color-blindness as culture-blindnessculture-blindness
Ethnocentrism:Ethnocentrism:
The universal The universal tendency for any tendency for any culture to see its culture to see its own values and own values and
practices as natural practices as natural and correct.and correct.
• Native American/First Native American/First Canadian Canadian terms for themselves: terms for themselves: Human Human BeingsBeings
• The Mediterranean SeaThe Mediterranean Sea
• ““China” means “middle earth”China” means “middle earth”
• In Ecuador, the monument at In Ecuador, the monument at the equator is roughly the equator is roughly translated as “The middle of translated as “The middle of the world”the world”
Ethnorelativism:Ethnorelativism:
The acquired ability The acquired ability to see many values, to see many values, beliefs and behaviors beliefs and behaviors
as as culturalcultural rather rather than than universaluniversal..
Developing Intercultural SensitivityDeveloping Intercultural Sensitivity
The Experience of DifferenceThe Experience of Difference
Denial Defense MinimizationDenial Defense Minimization
Ethnocentric StagesEthnocentric Stages Ethnorelative StagesEthnorelative Stages
Acceptance AdaptationAcceptance Adaptation IntegrationIntegration
dev interc sensit non Rotary.ppt
One World or Many.doc
Developing cultural Developing cultural sensitivity and competence sensitivity and competence
requires moving fromrequires moving from
Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism
to to Ethnorelativism Ethnorelativism
““The world in which you were The world in which you were born is just one model of born is just one model of
reality. Other cultures are reality. Other cultures are notnot failed attempts at being like failed attempts at being like
you. They are unique you. They are unique manifestations of the human manifestations of the human
spirit ”. spirit ”. Wade DavisWade Davis
DefensivenessDefensiveness
Recognizing a cultural Recognizing a cultural practice as different but practice as different but labeling it wrong or labeling it wrong or inferior.inferior.Or, by labeling one’s own Or, by labeling one’s own practice superior.practice superior.
Our own culture, or sub-culture, comes to Our own culture, or sub-culture, comes to us as us as naturally and unconsciously as our naturally and unconsciously as our handedness.handedness.
We generally don’t think about what hand We generally don’t think about what hand we we will use to write our names. will use to write our names.
Changing our cultural point of view is Changing our cultural point of view is about asabout as hard as changing our handedness. Both hard as changing our handedness. Both areare possible, but neither is easy. possible, but neither is easy.
..
More easily perceived More easily perceived differences, in language, food, differences, in language, food, dress, etc., may obscure dress, etc., may obscure deeper, more subtle deeper, more subtle differences in values and differences in values and thinking patterns. thinking patterns.
The Cultural The Cultural IcebergIceberg
1/81/8thth above above the surfacethe surface
7/87/8thths below s below the surfacethe surface
Conscious Conscious behaviorsbehaviors
Unconscious Unconscious beliefs and beliefs and
valuesvalues
Individualism Group Individualism Group OrientationOrientationFormality Formality InformalityInformalityPast Past Future Future Directness Directness
IndirectnessIndirectness ChangeChange PermanencePermanence
ChangeChange Permanence Permanence
IndividualismIndividualism Group Group orientationorientation
Case study:Case study:
The development of the The development of the personal listening device.personal listening device.
Walkman – Discman – MP3 – Walkman – Discman – MP3 – Ipod Ipod
ChangeChange PermanencePermanence
IndividualismIndividualism
Group Group orientationorientation
Many Middle-Many Middle-Eastern Eastern culturescultures
CultureCulture ShockShock The profound sense of The profound sense of
disorientation and discomfort disorientation and discomfort that comes with extended travel that comes with extended travel or living in a foreign culture or living in a foreign culture markedly different from one’s markedly different from one’s own.own.
Culture Shock and Reverse Culture Shock PreseCulture Shock and Reverse Culture Shock Presentation.pptntation.ppt
Culture Shock.doc Culture Shock.doc
Stages of Culture ShockStages of Culture Shock
1.1. Initial excitementInitial excitement
2.2. Irritability and negativenessIrritability and negativeness
3.3. Gradual adaptationGradual adaptation
4.4. BiculturalismBiculturalism
Culture Shock.docCulture Shock.doc
““Some travelers want to Some travelers want to go to foreign places but go to foreign places but are dismayed when the are dismayed when the
places turn out actually to places turn out actually to be foreignbe foreign.”.”
Canadian author Margaret AtwoodCanadian author Margaret Atwood
Culture Shock and Culture Shock and Reverse Culture Shock are Reverse Culture Shock are not just unpleasant side not just unpleasant side effects of international effects of international living.living.
They are the necessary They are the necessary ingredients that bring ingredients that bring about quality exchanges. about quality exchanges.
When you travel, When you travel, remember that a foreign remember that a foreign country is not designed to country is not designed to make make you you comfortable. It comfortable. It is designed to make its is designed to make its own peopleown people comfortable. comfortable.
Clifton Clifton FadimanFadiman
The Value of Simulations, The Value of Simulations, Games and Related ExercisesGames and Related Exercises
What they all offer is for What they all offer is for participants to simulate the participants to simulate the experience of intercultural experience of intercultural interaction, including the interaction, including the
uncertainty, frustration, and uncertainty, frustration, and related emotions that arise.related emotions that arise.
Games, Simulations and Other Learning Games, Simulations and Other Learning Exercises.ppt Exercises.ppt
The Value of Simulations, The Value of Simulations, Games and Related ExercisesGames and Related Exercises
These exercises are only as These exercises are only as valuable as the discussion that valuable as the discussion that
follows – where behavioral follows – where behavioral observations, feelings and observations, feelings and
learning points are discussedlearning points are discussedGames, Simulations and Other Learning Games, Simulations and Other Learning
Exercises.ppt Exercises.ppt
Examples:Examples:
Broken SquaresBroken Squares
Build A TowerBuild A Tower
BarngaBarnga
Bafa BafaBafa Bafa
Developing Intercultural SensitivityDeveloping Intercultural Sensitivity
The Experience of DifferenceThe Experience of Difference
Denial Defense MinimizationDenial Defense Minimization
Ethnocentric StagesEthnocentric Stages Ethnorelative StagesEthnorelative Stages
Acceptance AdaptationAcceptance Adaptation IntegrationIntegration
dev interc sensit non Rotary.ppt dev interc sensit non Rotary.ppt
One World or Many.docOne World or Many.doc
The Theoretical The Theoretical Frameworks:Frameworks:
► The concept of Culture as a The concept of Culture as a way of perceiving reality.way of perceiving reality.
► The Experience of The Experience of Difference Continuum. Difference Continuum.
► Dimensions of Culture.Dimensions of Culture.
► Stages of Culture Shock.Stages of Culture Shock.
Near the FamilyNear the Family
SHARON: So, Maria, your sister will be graduating in SHARON: So, Maria, your sister will be graduating in May. May.
MARIA: Yes she is very happy. MARIA: Yes she is very happy.
SHARON: Does she have a job lined up?SHARON: Does she have a job lined up?
MARIA: Yes. She’ll be working for the Central Bank.MARIA: Yes. She’ll be working for the Central Bank.
SHARON: Good for her. Has she found a place to live SHARON: Good for her. Has she found a place to live yet?yet?
MARIA: Actually, the bank is very near my parents‘ MARIA: Actually, the bank is very near my parents‘ place.place.
SHARON: That's nice. So she’ll be living quite near SHARON: That's nice. So she’ll be living quite near them.them.
Dennis White, Ph.D.Dennis White, Ph.D.
207 S. 4th Avenue207 S. 4th Avenue
Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, 54235 Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, 54235 USAUSA
Telephone: 920-746-1346Telephone: 920-746-1346
Fax: 920-746-1347Fax: 920-746-1347
Email: [email protected]: [email protected]
www.yeoresources.orgwww.yeoresources.org
