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Sprays vs. Granulars:Picking your Herbicide Partner
Chris Marble
University of Florida/IFAS
Mid‐Florida Research and Education Center
Apopka, FL
Making the Choice:
Liquids or Granulars?
Granular Products• Advantages:
• Many more options
• Not much training needed for application
• Generally better safety profile
• Many combos available
• Good for areas that can’t be reached by boom
• Disadvantages:• Calibration rate changes with
applicator
• Foliage needs to be dry
• Chemical cost
• Labor
Liquid (Sprayable) Products• Advantages:
• Lower chemical cost
• Lower labor cost
• Better/more uniform coverage
• Better canopy penetration (in some cases)
• Can be applied to wet foliage
• Disadvantages:• Fewer actives available
• Phyto issues with some products
• Higher applicator skill needed
Increasing Safety of Spray‐Applied PREs
• Step 1: Lightly wet foliage (5 minutes or less)
• Step 2: Apply herbicide
• Step 3: Run normal irrigation cycle to activate and wash off foliage ASAP
Comparing Costs*Tower
• 1 gallon $230 to $300 = 6 lbs. ai
• Per pound ai = $38 to $50
• Cost for 1 acre at 32 fl. oz.• $58 to $75
FreeHand• 50 lbs. = $80 to $100 = 0.875 lbs. ai
• Per pound ai = $91 to $114
• Cost for 1 acre at 200 lbs.• $210 to $400
Pendulum• 1 gallon $35 to $48 = 3.3 lbs. ai
• Cost for 1 acre at 4.8 pts.• $21 to $29
Tower + Pendulum• Cost for 1 acre at highest rate:
• $79 to $104
Cost for hand‐weeding? Depends. Can exceed $5,000/acre
Sprays can be applied more accurately*
• “Set it and forget it”
• 1 applicator vs. 5 to 6
• Do they offer better control?
• Mostly a function of accuracy/distribution
Bartley et al., 2014
SureGuard (liquid) Broadstar (Granular)
If you have to use shaker‐jars, make sure holes are small and evenly spaced to help ensure better uniformity.
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Flumioxazin Indaziflam pendimethalin + dimethenamid-p prodiamine
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Spray vs. Granular
Granular Spray
Summary of Results: Multiple Weed Species:
How does application volume affect control?• Active per acre is most important factor
• No difference in safety or control at 10, 20, 50, 100 or 200 gpa application volume
• More efficient to apply lower volumes (i.e. 20 to 30 gpa)
• But…10% rule
• Higher application volumes = more forgiving
• 20 gallons per acre = 18 to 22 gpa range
• 100 gallons per acre = 90 to 110 gpa range
• Follow label instructions
Preemergence Herbicides:Examine all of your options
Common Nursery Herbicides and Site of ActionActive ingredient Trade Name WSSA Herbicide Group Weeds Controlled:
dithiopyr Dimension 2EW 3 Grasses and a few broadleaves
oryzalin Oryzalin Pro, Surflan 3 Grasses and a few broadleaves
pendimethalin Corral, Pendulum 2G, Pendulum AquaCap, Pin‐dee, etc.
3Grasses and a few broadleaves
Grasses and a few broadleaves
prodiamine Barricade, Prodiamine, RegalKade 3 Grasses and a few broadleaves
trifluralin Treflan, Trifluralin, Preen 3 Grasses and a few broadleaves
flumioxazin Broadstar, SureGuard 14 Broadleaves and some grasses
oxadiazon Oxadiazon, Ronstar 14 Broadleaves and some grasses
oxyfluorfen Galigan, Goal 14 Broadleaves and some grasses
dimethenamid‐p Tower 15 Grasses and some broadleaves
s‐metolachlor Pennant Magnum 15 Grasses, sedge suppression, some broadleaves
isoxaben Gallery 21 Broadleaves and a few grasses
indaziflam Marengo SC, Marengo G 29 Broadleaves and grasses
benefin + oryzalin XL 2G 3 + 3 Grasses and some broadleaves
pendimethalin + dimethenamid‐p FreeHand 3 + 15 Grasses and broadleaves
trifluralin + isoxaben Quali‐Pro TI, Snapshot 3 + 21 Grasses and broadleaves
prodiamine = isoxaben Gemini 3 + 21 Grasses and broadleaves
oxadiazon + pendimethalin Jewel 14 + 3 Grasses and broadleaves
oxadiazon + prodiamine RegalStar II 14 + 3 Grasses and broadleaves
oxyfluorfen + oryzalin Rout 14 + 3 Grasses and broadleaves
oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin OH2 14 + 3 Grasses and broadleaves
oxyflourfen + prodiamine Biathlon 14 + 3 Grasses and broadleaves
oxyflourfen + trifluralin Granular Herbicide 75 (Harrells) 14 + 3 Grasses and broadleaves
oxyflourfen + oxadiazon OO‐Herbicide, Two OX E‐Pro 14 + 14 Grasses and broadleaves
trifluralin + isoxaben + oxyflourfen Showcase 3 + 21 + 14 Grasses and broadleaves
*Product labels contain information on specific weeds controlled.
Dimension 2EW
Gemini
Gallery
Pennant Magnum
Tower
Barricade
Pendulum
Oryzalin Pro
Granular Herbicide 75
Biathlon
OH2
Rout
RegalStar II
Jewel
Snapshot
FreeHand
XL 2G
Marengo G
Ronstar 2G
Broadstar
RegalKade
Pendulum 2G
OO‐Herbicide
Showcase
Sprayable Herbicides Granular Herbicides
Different colors represent different sites of action. Herbicides with more than one site of action are shown with two or more colors. Rotating different sites of action can reduce the chance of herbicide resistance development and improve weed control.
Marengo
SureGuard
Common tank‐mix partners ‐ OTT• Gallery + Barricade
• Gallery + Dimension
• Tower + Barricade
• Tower + Pendulum
• Gemini (Gallery + Barricade)
Directed Applications• Marengo
• SureGuard
• POST added
Sprayable Preemergence Herbicides• Gallery SC (isoxaben)
• New formulation, easier to mix
• Good control of annual broadleaf weeds
• Early post emergence control of bittercress
• 700+ plants on label
17
Sprayable PreemergenceHerbicides• Barricade (prodiamine) and Pendulum EC (pendimethalin)
• Both very good options for grass control
• Barricade has a very good safety profile (so does Pendulum)
• Can be tank‐mixed with Gallery, Tower, or other PRE
Sprayable Preemergence Herbicides• Dimension (dithiopyr)
• Good control of grasses and several small seeded broadleaf weeds
• POST control of crabgrass
• 100+ plants OTT on label
• Current study: no injury on Spartina, Muhly, Fakahatchee grass at 3x rate
• Good tank‐mix partner with Gallery
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Sprayable Preemergence Herbicides• Tower (dimethenamid‐p)
• Good control of broadleaf weeds (i.e. spurges), sedges, and grasses
• Can be tank‐mixed to broaden control spectrum
• Popular in turf for doveweedcontrol – good control of dayflower weeds
• Note which species cannot be treated sequentially
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Sprayable Preemergence Herbicides
• Pennant Magnum (s‐metolachlor)
• 200+ plants on label
• Similar mode of action as Tower
• Good control of grasses, yellow nutsedge, some broadleaves
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Sprayable PreemergenceHerbicides• Marengo SC (indaziflam)
• SureGuard (flumioxazin)
• Both good options for weed control on container pads, roadways, aisles, non‐crop areas ‐ long‐lasting weed control
• Can be tank‐mixed with RoundUp, other postemergence herbicides
• Do not use over‐the‐top
• Directed apps in conifers, deciduous trees
22
Example Rotations
Early Spring
Late Spring
Early Summer
Late Summer
Fall
Winter
Early Spring
Late Spring
Early Summer
Late Summer
Fall
Late Fall
Winter
Early Spring
Late Spring
Early Summer
Late Summer
Fall
Late Fall
Winter
Using Only Sprayable Herbicides Using Only Granular Herbicides
Using Sprayable and Granular Herbicides
Tower + Pendulum
Gallery + Barricade
Tower + Pendulum
Gallery + Barricade
Gallery + Dimension
Tower
OH2 or Biathlon
XL 2G
FreeHand
Marengo G
Snapshot
Biathlon or Rout or OH2
Barricade + Gallery
Rout or Granular Herbicide 75
FreeHand
Marengo G
Tower
Biathlon or Rout or OH2
These tables show examples of possible herbicide rotations. In these examples, sites of action are rotated as much as possible and active ingredients are not used back to back. Herbicides used and application timing can easily be changed depending on how effective each herbicide is on particular weed problems at each nursery. A single herbicide can be applied multiple times per year as long as the time total amount applied for all applications does not exceed the annual limit. Herbicide selection should also be based on ornamental crop tolerance.
Broadstar
Snapshot
Contact Information
Chris MarbleMid‐Florida RECApopka, FL
407‐410‐6960 (office)256‐390‐5456 (cell, 24/7 hotline)
GREENHOUSE TRAINING ONLINE
WEED MANAGEMENTOctober 24 to November 18 2016
What is the course about and who is it aimed at?• Manage all aspects of weed management in nurseries and greenhouses
including weed identification, developing herbicide programs, and the latest non-chemical methods of weed control that actually work
• Learn how potting media, irrigation, and fertilization impact weed growth andherbicide performance
• Select the best herbicides for weeds at your nursery
• Accurately calibrate sprayers and granular application equipment and avoid cropinjury from herbicide applications
• Reduce handweeding and herbicide costs
• Intermediate level (some experience and training, or entry level university).Designed for employees in the US and internationally who are in production,technical or sales roles.
• Lectures and assignments in both English and Spanish.
How do I register and access the course?
• Each employee will be registered individually to tracktheir progress.
• Online registration link: CLICK HERE
• Once you have registered you will be sent an online link.You will be able to access this with a desktop computer,tablet, or smart phone.
• Classes are completely online and include streamingvideos, readings, and assignments. They will be availableany time of the day and new modules are activated eachof the 4 weeks of the course. It takes about 4 hours perweek to complete lessons and activities.
• Chat online with your instructors during the course forhelp and interactive learning.
• Cost is $200 per employee.
Is there a university credit, qualification, or certificate?
• Part of the UF/IFAS Extension Greenhouse TrainingOnline program
• When you complete course requirements you will be senta personalized certificate.
• The course does not count for credit towards auniversity degree.
SEE MORE DETAILS AT http://backpocketgrower.com/onlinecourses.asp
TO REGISTER, VISIT:
Lesson topics1. Weed identification, biology, and life cycle impacts on control
2. Preemergence herbicides and programs
3. Postemergence herbicides and programs
4. Calibration and application
5. Non-chemical methods of weed control in nursery andgreenhouse production
6. Impact of production practices on weed control and herbicideefficacy
7. Managing difficult and unique weed control issues
8. Herbicide modes of action, rotations, and scheduling for thebest control
ActivitiesRequired to complete the course:
• Pre-test of baselineknowledge
• Week 2 test of herbicideselection, calibration, andapplication
• Final test on weedmanagement
• Post-course feedbacksurvey
Optional in your location:• Identify weeds
• Calibrate your equipment
• Evaluate non-chemicalweed control methods
• Scout for herbicide injurysymptoms and causes
• Design a weed controlprogram using differentherbicides
http://tinyurl.com/WeedMgt2016
GREENHOUSE TRAINING ONLINE
MANEJO DE MALEZAS24 de Octubre al 18 de Noviembre del 2016
¿De qué se trata el curso y a quién está dirigido?• Manejar todos los aspectos del control de malezas en viveros e invernaderos,incluyendo la identificación de malezas, el desarrollo de programas de herbicidas, y los últimos métodos no químicos de control de malezas que realmente funcionan
• Aprender cómo los medios de crecimiento, el riego, y la fertilización afectan elcrecimiento de malezas y desempeño de los herbicidas
• Seleccionar los mejores herbicidas para las malezas en su invernadero• Calibrar con precision los rociadores y equipos de aplicación granular, y evitar dañosa los cultivos por aplicaciones de herbicidas
• Reducir los costos de deshierbe manual y herbicidas• Nivel intermedio (algo de experiencia y entrenamiento, con nivel inicialuniversitario). Diseñado para empleados en los EEUU y otros países quienes sonproductores, o trabajan en aspectos técnicos o ventas.
• Las lecciones y asignaciones están en Inglés y Español.
¿Cómo me registro e ingreso al curso?
• Cada empleado debe ser registrado individualmente parapoder seguir su progreso.
• Vínculo para el registro en línea: HAGA CLIC AQUÍ
• Una vez que esté registrado se le mandará un vínculoen línea. Ud. podrá seguirlo con una computadora deescritorio, tablet, ó teléfono inteligente.
• Las clases son completamente en línea, e incluyen videos,lecturas y asignaciones. Estarán disponibles a cualquierhora del día, y los nuevos módulos serán activados encada una de las 4 semanas del curso. Tomará como4 horas por semana para completar las lecciones yasignaciones.
• Converse en línea son sus instructores durante el cursopara tener ayuda y aprendizaje interactivo.
• El costo es $200 por empleado.
Hay algún crédito universitario, calificación o certificado?
• El curso es parte del programa de Entrenamiento deInvernadero en Línea de UF IFAS Extension.
• Cuando Ud. complete los requisitos del curso se lemandará un certificado.
• El curso no cuenta para crédito para un títulouniversitario.
PARA MÁS DETALLES: http://backpocketgrower.com/onlinecourses.asp
PARA REGISTRARSE, VISITE:
Temas de las Lecciones1. Impacto de la identificación, biología y ciclo de vida en
el control de malezas2. Herbicidas pre-emergentes y programas3. Herbicidas post-emergentes y programas4. Calibración y aplicación5. Métodos no químicos de control de malezas en viveros
e invernaderos6. Impacto de las prácticas de producción en el control de
malezas y eficacia de los herbicidas7. Manejo de problemas de control de malezas difíciles y
particulares8. Modo de acción de herbicidas, rotaciones y
programación para el mejor control
ActividadesRequerido para cumplir el curso
• Prueba inicial deconocimiento
• Semana 2: prueba sobreselección, calibración yaplicación de herbicidas
• Prueba final sobre el manejode malezas
• Evaluación final del curso
Opcional en su invernadero• Identificación de malezas
• Calibración del equipo
• Evaluar los métodos decontrol de malezas sinquímicos
• Identificar los síntomas dedaño por herbicidas y suscausas
• Diseñar un programa decontrol de malezas utilizandodiferentes herbicidas
http://tinyurl.com/WeedMgt2016