More than 50 years after the United States andCuba severed diplomatic relations, the twocountries officially reopened their embassies in

each other’s capitals on July 20, 2015. In Washington,D.C., U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry marked the occa-sion by meeting with Cuban Foreign Minister BrunoRodriguez. The Cuban flag was hung between those ofCroatia and Cyprus among the flags of more than 150other countries in the lobby of the U.S. State Department.The opening of the U.S. embassy in Havana was some-what more low-key, with a more dramatic ceremony onAugust 14, when Kerry visited Havana.

DemographyPopulation (2015): 11,260,000.Density (2015): persons per sqmi 265.4, persons per sq km102.5.

Sex distribution (20143): male49.84%; female 50.16%.

Population projection: (2020)11,173,000; (2030) 10,857,000.

Major cities (20143): Havana2,121,871; Santiago de Cuba434,268; Camagüey 304,027;Holguín 291,560; Guantánamo 217,978.

Urban-rural (2014):

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 population (2013): 11.2 (world avg. 19.5).Death rate per 1,000 population (2013): 8.2 (world avg. 8.1).Life expectancy at birth (2013): male 77.3 years; female 81.3 years.

Age breakdown (20113):

Ethnic composition (2011):

Religious affiliation (2005)4:

Cuba

Official name: República de Cuba(Republic of Cuba).

Form of government: unitary socialistrepublic with one legislative house(National Assembly of the People’sPower [612]).

Head of state and government: Presidentof the Council of State and President ofthe Council of Ministers Raúl CastroRuz.

Capital: Havana.Official language: Spanish.Official religion: none.Monetary units: Cuban peso (CUP);Cuban convertible peso (CUC)1; valua-tion (Sept. 1, 2015) 1 U.S.$ = CUP22.221; 1 £ = CUP 34.221.

Area and population area2 population

20153

Provinces Capitals sq mi sq km estimate

Artemisa Artemisa 1,545 4,003 501,300Camagüey Camagüey 5,941 15,386 774,766Ciego de Avila Ciego de Avila 2,692 6,972 431,048Cienfuegos Cienfuegos 1,617 4,189 406,911Granma Bayamo 3,233 8,374 837,351Guantánamo Guantánamo 2,381 6,168 516,302Holguín Holguín 3,558 9,216 1,038,739La Habana Havana 281 728 2,121,871Las Tunas Las Tunas 2,546 6,592 536,812Matanzas Matanzas 4,553 11,792 702,477Mayabeque San José

de las Lajas 1,445 3,744 379,942Pinar del Río Pinar del Río 3,430 8,884 589,664Sancti Spíritus Sancti Spíritus 2,617 6,777 466,431Santiago de Cuba Santiago de Cuba 2,405 6,228 1,057,402Villa Clara Santa Clara 3,248 8,412 792,408

Special municipalityIsla de la Juventud Nueva Gerona 934 2,419 84,893TOTAL 42,426 109,884 11,238,317

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National economyBudget (2008). Revenue: CUP 42,055,600,000 (tax revenue61.5%; nontax revenue 38.5%). Expenditures: CUP46,255,600,000 (current expenditure 90.3%, of which educa-tion 16.2%, health 15.5%, social security contributions9.5%, public safety and defense 4.4%; capital expenditure9.7%).

Public debt (January 2015): U.S.$25,230,000,0006.Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2013): sugarcane 14,400,000, plantains689,5048, rice 672,600, cassava 505,600, tomatoes 494,4328,corn (maize) 426,200, sweet potatoes 396,300, mangoes, mangosteens,and guavas 389,5768, yams 386,000, pumpkins, squash, and gourds361,4288, bananas 195,4968, yautia (cocoyams) 185,900, papayas178,5588, dry beans 129,000, potatoes 106,700, tobacco 19,5008; live-stock (number of live animals) 4,092,200 cattle, 2,035,000 sheep,1,420,600 pigs, 164,000 beehives; roundwood 1,702,000 cu m, of whichfuelwood 67%; fisheries production (2012) 48,470 (from aquaculture54%). Mining and quarrying (2012): nickel (metal content) 54,000;cobalt (metal content) 4,600. Manufacturing (2013): cement 1,659,000;steel 248,900; cigarettes 12,600,000,000 units; colour televisions (2008)94,200 units; beer 2,600,500 hectolitres; other alcoholic beverages(excluding wine) 1,233,800 hectolitres. Energy production (consump-tion): electricity (kW-hr; 2014) 19,366,000,000 (19,366,000,000), bysource (2012): fossil fuels 96%; renewable energy 4%, of which bio-mass 3.2%, hydroelectric 0.6%, wind and solar 0.2%; coal (metrictons; 2011) none (2,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 2011) 19,400,000(51,100,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 2011) 4,488,000(7,462,000); natural gas (cu m; 2011) 1,020,000,000 (1,020,000,000).

Population economically active (2014): total 5,105,500; participationrates (2013): ages 17–64, male 87.1%; female 57.3%; unemployed3.3%, of which youth (ages 17–24; 2010) 6.1%.

Gross national income (GNI; 2011): U.S.$66,397,000,000 (U.S.$5,890per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$18,520 per capita).

Average household size (2002): 3.2.Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops 21.9%,left fallow 12.3%, in permanent crops 3.5%, in pasture 24.7%, forestarea 26.6%.

Foreign trade9

Imports (2013): CUP 14,707,000,000 (mineral fuelsand lubricants 43.1%, machinery and transportequipment 17.2%, food and live animals 12.6%,basic manufactures 10.2%, chemicals and chemicalproducts 8.8%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013): CUP 5,283,000,000 (metal ores andscrap 14.5%, chemicals and chemical products12.9%, sugar and honey 8.5%, tobacco products4.6%, basic manufactures 0.2%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2008): route length (2011) 5,097mi, 8,203 km; passenger-km 1,056,000,00010; metricton-km cargo 1,388,000,00010. Roads (2008): totallength (2000) 37,814 mi, 60,856 km (paved 49%);

passenger-km 6,551,000,00011, 12; metricton-km cargo 2,222,000,000. Vehicles(1998): passenger cars 172,574; trucks andbuses 185,495.

Education and healthLiteracy (2012): total population age 15 and over literate: virtu-ally 100%.

Health (2013): physicians 83,698 (1 per 133 persons); hospitalbeds 56,949 (1 per 196 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000live births 4.2; undernourished population (2005–07) less than5% of total population based on the consumption of a mini-mum daily requirement of 1,900 calories.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2014):49,000 (army 77.6%, navy 6.1%, air force16.3%); reserve 39,000; paramilitary1,120,000; U.S. military forces at NavalBase Guantánamo Bay (November 2014)750. Military expenditure as percentage ofGDP (2008): 4.0%; per capita expenditureU.S.$20414.

1Domestic transactions only; the Cuban convertible peso (CUC) is used for international transactions—(Sept. 1, 2015) 1 U.S.$ = CUC 1.00; 1 £ = CUC 1.53. 2Areas of major landmasses are: island of Cuba 40,285sq mi (104,339 sq km); Isla de la Juventud 934 sq mi (2,419 sq km); numerous adjacent cays (administra-tively a part of provinces or the Isla de la Juventud) 1,207 sq mi (3,126 sq km). 3January 1. 4Up to 70% ofthe population also practice Santería. 5At constant 1997 prices. 6CIA estimate. 7Unemployed. 82012.9Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. 10Cuban Railways only; excludes railways linking sugar plantations to facto-ries, totaling 2,817 mi (4,533 km) in 2005. 11Excludes tourism-related transport. 12Buses and taxis only.13Subscribers. 14Using exchange rate of Cuban convertible peso.

Internet resources for further information:• Oficina Nacional de Estadística e Información www.one.cu• Naciones Unidas en Cuba onu.org.cu

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2011 2008

in value % of total labour % of labourCUP ’0005 value5 force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 2,009,400 4.1 919,100 18.3Mining and quarrying 302,800 0.6 26,700 0.5Manufacturing 6,456,400 13.2 543,100 10.8Public utilities 663,700 1.4 79,800 1.6Construction 2,581,200 5.3 245,200 4.9Transp. and commun. 4,296,500 8.8 301,400 6.0Finance, real estate 2,882,100 5.9 123,000 2.4Trade, hotels 12,142,800 24.9 610,200 12.1Pub. admin., social security 1,935,900 4.0 2,099,700 41.8Services 14,759,600 30.3Other 714,900 1.5 79,7007 1.67

TOTAL 48,745,300 100.0 5,027,900 100.0

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2014 2,53113 22513

Landline 2014 1,265 112

Internet users 2009 1,605 143Broadband 2014 7.813 0.013

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