CSYPA STAGE 1INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY

Alex

Computer literacy is the knowledge and ability to use computers and technology efficiently. Computer literacy can also refer to the comfort level someone has with using computer programs and other applications that are associated with computers. Another valuable component of computer literacy is knowing how computers work and operate.

A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions.

Data (singular: datum) refer to a collection of natural phenomena descriptors including the results of experience, observation or experiment, or a set of premises. This may consist of numbers, words, or images, particularly as measurements or observations of a set of variables.

Information as a concept has a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.

Input is the term denoting either an entrance or changes which are inserted into a system and which activate/modify a process. It is an abstract concept, used in the modeling, system(s) design and system(s) exploitation. It is usually connected with other terms, e.g., input field, input variable, input parameter, input value, input signal, input device and input file.

Output is the term denoting either an exit or changes which exits a system and which activate/modify a process. It is an abstract concept, used in the modeling, system(s) design and system(s) exploitation.

Information processing is the change (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer. As such, it is a process which describes everything which happens (changes) in the universe, from the falling of a rock (a change in position) to the printing of a text file from a digital computer system. In , an information processor is changing the form of presentation of that text file. Information processing may more specifically be defined in terms by Claude E. Shannon as the conversion of latent information into manifest information.

Hardware is a general term that refers to the physical artifacts of a technology. It may also mean the physical components of a computer system, in the form of computer hardware.

An Input device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system (such as a computer). Input and output devices make up the hardware interface between a computer and the user or external world.

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) to the outside world.

A system unit, also known as a base unit, is the main body of a desktop computer, typically consisting of a metal or (rarely) plastic enclosure containing the motherboard, power supply, cooling fans, internal disk drives, and the memor modules and expansion cards that are plugged into the motherboard, such as video and network cards.

Chassis refers to the rigid framework onto which the motherboard, memory, disk drives, and other equipment are mounted. It also supports the shell-like case: the housing that protects all of the vital internal equipment from dust, moisture, and tampering. The term "case modding" refers to the artistic styling of otherwise rather functional and plain computer encasings. Main article: computer case for personal machines or rack mount for commercial grade servers.

A Central Processing Unit (CPU), or sometimes just called processor, is a description of a class of logic machines that can execute computer programs. This broad definition can easily be applied to many early computers that existed long before the term "CPU" ever came into widespread usage.

Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer components, devices, and recording media that retain digital data used for computing for some interval of time. Computer data storage provides one of the core functions of the modern computer, that of information retention. It is one of the fundamental components of all modern computers, and coupled with a centra processing unit (CPU, a processor), implements the basic computer model used since the 1940s.

A storage device is a device used for storing:Different kinds of digital information (data), a data storage device may be used. Preserving audio, a vinyl record (now basically obsolete), compact audio cassette, or CD may be used. Preserving video, a video tape recorder like the Video Home System, or digital media such as a laserdisc or DVD may be used. A Flash drive is a storage device that uses flash memory rather than conventional spinning platters to store data. Unlike USB flash drives and memory cards, flash drives tend to physically imitate conventional hard drives in size, shape, and interface so that they may act as a replacement for hard drives. With nothing being mechanically driven in a flash drive, the name may be seen as either a misnomer or as a generalization of the word "drive". Portable communications devices refer to hand-held or wearable devices. For example, the Walkie Talkie is a device that is hand-held when in use, and wearable when not in use. Portable telephones (cellular telephones) are also carried, or worn, on a belt, or in a pocket.More recently, portable devices have also become usable when worn. For example, most walkie talkies come with a VOX (Voice Operated Xmit) capability so that they will work hands-free, when used with a wearable microphone. Many telephones such as the Motorola Star Tac also feature an earpiece that allows the phone to be worn and used hands-free. The Star Tac was the first wearable cellular telephone, in the sense that it was the first that could be used while being worn.

System software is any computer software which manages and controls computer hardware so that application software can perform a task. Operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X or Linux, are prominent examples of system software. System software contrasts with application software, which are programs that enable the end-user to perform specific, productive tasks, such as word processing or image manipulation.

An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS) is the software component of a computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer. The operating system acts as a host for application programs that are run on the machine.

Utility software (also known as service program, service routine, tool, or utility routine) is a type of computer software. It is specifically designed to help manage and tune the computer hardware, operating system or application software, and perform a single task or a small range of tasks; as opposed to application software which tend to be software suites. Utility software has long been integrated into most major operating systems.

Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform. This should be contrasted with system software which is involved in integrating a computer's various capabilities, but typically does not directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benefit the user.

A programmer is someone who writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software. One who practices or professes a formal approach to programming may also be known as a programmer analyst.

A systems analyst is responsible for researching, planning and recommending software and system choices to meet an organization's business requirements.

A computer network is an interconnected group of computers.

A resource, or system resource, is any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. Every device connected to a computer system is a resource. Every internal system component is a resource. Virtual system resources include files, network connections and memory areas.

To be considered online one of the following must apply to the device:Under the direct control of another device Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention Connected to a system, and is in operation Functional and ready for service

The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW).

A personal computer (PC) is a computer whose original sales price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals, and intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator.

A Handheld PC, or H/PC for short, is a term for a computer built around a form factor which is smaller than any standard laptop computer.

A desktop computer is a personal computer (PC) in a form intended for regular use at a single location, as opposed to a mobile laptop. Prior to the wide spread of microprocessors a computer that could fit on a desk was considered remarkably small. Today the phrase usually indicates a particular style of computer case.

A notebook processor is a CPU optimized for notebook computers.One of the main characteristics differentiating notebook processors from other CPUs is low-power consumption.The notebook processor is becoming an increasing important market segment in the semiconductor industry. Notebook computers are an increasingly popular format of the broader category of mobile computers. The objective of a notebook computer is to provide the performance and functionality of a desktop computer in a portable size and weight.A Palm Top Computer is a term for a computer built around a form factor which is smaller than any standard laptop computer.Mainframes (often colloquially referred to as Big Iron[1]) are computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction processing. A mid-range server, formerly called a minicomputer, is larger and more powerful than a workstation computer and often can support up to 4,000 connected users. An Internet appliance is a consumer device whose main function is easy access to Internet services such as WWW or e-mail.A supercomputer is a computer that is considered at the time of its introduction to be at the frontline in terms of processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation. A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer, also known as small or palmtop computers.

A home user relies on the computer for entertainment; communications, Web access, and e-mail; reference, research, and education; personal finance; and productivity software.

A small office/home office (SOHO) includes small companies (fewer than 50 employees) and self-employed individuals working from home.

Mobile users have notebook computers often equipped with a modem so they can work while away from the office, home, or school.

A large business user utilizes computers to run its business by using productivity software, communications software, automated systems for most departments in the company, and large networks.

A power user requires the capabilities of workstations or other powerful computers to design plans, produce publications, create graphic art, and work with multimedia that includes text, graphics, sound, video, and other media elements.

Multimedia is media that utilizes a combination of different content forms.

Publishing a Web page is the process of making it available on the Internet.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer_literacy - 2nd July 9:05

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer - 2nd July 9:05

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/data - 2nd July 9:06

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/information - 2nd July 9:06

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/input - 2nd July 9:07

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/output - 2nd July 9:12

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/information_processing - 2nd July 9:13

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hardware - 2nd July 9:18

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/input_device - 2nd July 9:25

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/output_device - 2nd July 9:30

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/system_unit - 2nd July 9:31

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chassis - 2nd July 9:35

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/central_processing_unit - 2nd July 9:37

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer_data_storage - 2nd July 9:40

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/storage_device - 2nd July 9:49

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/flash_drive - 2nd July 9:53

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/portable_communications_devices - 2nd July 9:55

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/system_software - 2nd July 9:58

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/operating_system - 2nd July 9:59

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/utility_software - 2nd July 10:04

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/application_software - 2nd July 10:08

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/programmer - 2nd July 10:09

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/systems_analyst - 2nd July 10:12

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer_network - 2nd July 10:20

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/system_resource - 2nd July 10:38

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/online - 2nd July 10:39

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/internet - 2nd July 10:43

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/personal_computer - 2nd July 10:50

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/handheld_pc - 2nd July 11:00

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/desktop_computer - 2nd July 11:02

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/notebook_processor - 3rd July 10:34

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/palm_top_computer - 3rd July 10.36

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mainframe - 3rd July 10:38

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mid-range_server - 3rd July 10:43

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/internet_appliance - 3rd July 10:45

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/super_computer - 3rd July 10:47

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/personal_digital_assistant - 3rd July 10:49

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