CST Review

People

World History • The Rise of Democracy• Enlightenment and Democratic Revolution• The French Revolution and Napoleon• Industrialization • Imperialism • World War I• The Russian Revolution & the Rise of

Totalitarianism• World War II• The Cold War• Modern Nations and the Middle East

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Plato• GREEK

philosopher, wrote “The Republic”, World should be governed by Philosopher Kings

PHILOSOPHER-KINGS

Aristotle• GREEK

philosopher, Believed that the best form of government was to be run by elite ruling class called the ARISTOCRACY…

Aristocracy = Middle Class

Thomas Hobbes

• Social Contract– People give up their

rights to a strong ruler.

• Government must have absolute power (Leviathan)

• One that could impose order, demand obedience.

Monarchs = Kings

John Locke• People MUST govern

themselves. • Governments MUST

protect natural rights, if government fails to do so, citizens have the right to overthrow it. (Revolution)

• Grandfather of America– Influenced Jefferson &

Madison– Influenced Simon

Bolivar

People Rule

Montesquieu• Separation of Powers

– Would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of the government.

• Checks & Balances– Each branch would

have a check on the other two.

• Basis of the US Constitution.

3 Branches Of Government

Jean-Jacques

Rousseau• Direct

Democracy- a government freely formed by the people and guided by the “general will” of society.

• Legitimate government comes from the consent of the governed.

• All people were equal and titles of nobility should be abolished.

• Father of the French Revolution.

Popular Sovereignty

Voltaire

• Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech.

• Influenced the… – US Bill of Rights

• 1st Ten Amendments – French Declaration of

the Rights of Man & Citizens. Freedom of Speech, Religion

Cesare Bonesana

Beccaria • Laws exist to

preserve social order, not to avenge crimes.

• A person accused of a crime should receive a speedy trial, and that torture should never be used.

Criminal Justice Reform

Mary Wollstonecraft

• Vindication of the Rights of Women

• Women need education to become virtuous and useful.

• Women should have the right to participate in politics.

• Influenced women’s rights groups in Europe and North America.

Women’s Rights

Thomas Jefferson

• Free Speech, religious freedom, and other civil liberties.

• “Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed.”

• Author of the Declaration of Independence 1776

Declaration of Independence

James Madison

• Federal System- Power is divided between federal and state governments.

• 3 Branches of Government

• Father of the US Constitution.

Father of U.S. Constitution

Robespierre• Leader of the

Committee of Public Safety in France during the Reign of Terror were we killed over 30,000 by guillotine for being traitors to the revolution

Committee of Public Safety

Napoleon• Conquered

Europe–Grand Empire & Army

• Napoleonic Code–Equality For All

• French Nationalism– Idea of The Nation-

State

Napoleonic Code = Equality

Metternich• Led Congress of

Vienna– After Napoleon’s

Downfall• Conservative (Pre-

1789)– Legitimacy (Royal

Family)– Balance of Power

(Stability)– Lasting Peace (40 Years)

• Believed In Traditional Monarchy

• Revolutions Must Be Crushed!!!

Congress of Vienna Leader

Toussaint L’Ouverture• Father of Haiti• Haitian Revolution• 1st Black Nation• 1st Successful

Slave Revolt!

Simon

Bolivar• Known As El

Liberatador– George Washington of

LA– Creole General of

Armies• Inspired by

Enlightenment– Revolted against Spain!

• Ideas of Jefferson & Locke

• Used British & American Government Systems in LA – Created the Republic of

Venezuela.

Liberatador Of Latin America

Bismarck• Blood & Iron Speech

– Wars Make Nations– Realpolitik (Realism)

• Germany Formed In 1871– German Nationalism Begins

• Berlin Conference Leader– African Scramble Begins

• Fired By Kaiser Wilhelm II• Germany Super Power

– Started WWI & WWII

Father of Germany

William Blake & William Wordsworth• Famous writers of the Romanticism

Movement where EMOTION and feelings were expressed as well as a love and awe of nature (Carpe Diem)

William WordsworthWilliam Blake

James Watt• Steam Engine

Inventor–Propelled Steam

Boats–Train (Iron Horse)–Railroads (IR

Transportation)

• Allowed Factories To Move Away From Rivers Inland!

Steam Engine Inventor

Eli Whitney• Cotton Gin Inventor

– Increased the need for cotton 100x and the need for slaves to work the plantations

• Textile Industry Impacted– Factories Now In

Demand!Cotton Gin Inventor

Thomas

Edison• Greatest IR

Inventor• Electric Light Bulb• Factories Opened

24/7• ELECTRICITY to

power the Industrial Age

Electric Light Bulb

Adam Smith• Father of Capitalism

– Laissez Faire Economics

• Wealth of Nations 1776• Free Market System

– Profit Motive– Supply & Demand– Invisible Hand– Entreprenuers

Father of Capitalism

Marx• Father of

Communism• Communist

Manifesto• Anti-Capitalist

Economist• Government

MUST Own Factors of Production

• Profits Must Be Shared– Private Property

Forbidden

Father of Communism

Darwin• Theory of

Evolution• Origin of Species

–“which says all species evolved over time and that the survival of the fittest has taken place (natural selection)

• Led To Racism & Imperialism

Father of Evolution

Louis Pasteur

• Germ Theory • Killing Bacteria By

Heat– Pasteurization

• Emphasized Cleanliness

• Sanitation Movement– 1000s Lives Saved– Lifespan Increased!

Father of Germ Theory

Henry Bessemer

• The Bessemer Process– Cheap Steel Making

• Inventor of the process that made STEEL a cheap and everyday resource to build the machines and buildings of the Industrial Age.Father of Steel

Charles

Dickens• REALISM Writer

–Horrors of Industrial Society Were Revealed

–Wrote of The Ills of Industrialized Society• Oliver, Tale of Two

Cities–Many Reforms

Followed

Father of Realism

Sun Yat-sen

• I successfully led the Chinese Revolution in 1911 and ended the thousand year dynasty system and led China temporarily into a Democracy with my three Principles of the People

Father of Modern China

Kaiser Wilhelm

II• Kaiser of Germany

– Fires Bismarck– Militaristic Leader

• Wants to show all the world Germany’s strength & gain territory (Imperialism)

• Started World War I– Backed Austria in its war

with Serbia– Declares war on Russia &

France

Started World War I

Czar Nicholas II

• Last Czar of Russia– Failed In Russo-Japan

War– 1905 Bloody Sunday

• Protected Serbia– Mobilizes Troops to

Border– Declares war on

Austria• World War I Disaster

– Went to the Front Lines– Abdicated in March

1917– Executed in June 1918

Last Czar of Russia

Woodrow Wilson

• United States President– During WWI

(Isolationism)– Kept US out of WWI

til 1917• Enters the war to

keep "the world safe for democracy.“

• 14 Points Plan at Paris PC– League of Nations– Self Determination– Peace w/out Victory

Father of the 14 Points

Lenin• Led Russian

Communism– 1917 Bolshevik

Revolution –Sent By the

Germans– 1918 Treaty of Brest

Litosvk

• Led Russian Civil War– 1918-1921 Red

Army Wins!• 1921 Created

Soviet Union– NEP (New

Economic Plan)– Gulags Opened

(Camps)

Father of Russian Communism

Stalin• 1927 Stalin Takes

Power• 5 Year Plans

(Industry)• Collectivization

(Farms)• Totalitarian Regime

– Big Brother Is Watching!

• Great Purges (Terror) – Murdered over 30

million – (Terror Famine

Ukraine)• WWII Leader

– Defeated Hitler

Father of Soviet Union

Lost Generation

• Disillusionment–Post WWI

Reaction–Progress Ruins

Man• Gertrude Stein,

F. Scott Fitzgerald & Ernest Hemingway

1920s Writers Life Is Meaningless

Pablo Picasso

• I am the leader of the Cubism movement of 3D painting and the artist of the famous anti-war painting Guernica depicting Hitler’s bombing of an innocent Spanish city

Father of Cubism

FDR• Great Depression Leader

– New Deal Program– Public Works Programs

• Elected 4 Times• Atlantic Charter

– Agreement w/Churchill

• WWII President– Pearl Harbor Speech– Yalta Conference– Died April 12th, 1945

Father of The New Deal

Mussolini• Father of

FASCISM • 1922 Il Duce of

Italy• Hitler’s Role Model• Pact of Steel (Axis)• Aggression

– Invaded Ethiopia/Albania

• WWII Defeat– Executed By People

Father of Fascism

Hitler• Nazi Germany

Leader – 1922 Mein Kampf– 1933 Takes Power

Legally– 1936-1939

Lebensraum– Der Furher & 3rd

Reich– Invades Poland In

1939 • WWII Begins

• Final Solution (War On Jews)– 6 Millions Jews Killed

Father of Nazi Germany

Hirohito• The Living Sun

God• East Asia Co-Prosperity

Sphere

• Militarists Take Power–Manchuria, Korea,

China–Rape of Nanking

1937• Surrendered August

15th, 1945– Hiroshima &

Nagasaki

Emperor of Japan

Churchill• British Prime

Minister–“Finest Hour”

• Battle of Britain–“We Will Never

Give Up”• Defeat of Hitler

–Kept Britain FREE• Iron Curtain

SpeechThe British Bulldog

Eisenhower• I am the

Supreme Allied Commander who led the D-Day invasion on June 6th, 1944 which led to the defeat of Hitler’s 3rd Reich

D-Day Invasion

MacArthur• Pacific Commander

– Island Hopping Strategy

• USS Missouri– Surrender of Japan

• Japan’s Recovery– Democratization– Demilitarization– Japan Constitution

(#1)• Korean War

– Pushed Back The North– Fired By Truman

Gandhi• Non Violence &

Civil Disobedience Strategy–Known As

Satyagraha • Fastings & Salt

March • 1947 Indian

Independence• 1948

Assassination

Father of India

Mao• Communism in

China– Emperor of The

Peasants• Long March

– Legendary Escape• 1949 Peoples Republic

of China– REDS Win Civil War

• Great Leap Forward– Greatest Failure (20

Million)• Cultural Revolution

– Mao’s Comeback• Red Guards & Little Red

Book

Father of Chinese Communism

Gorbachev• My policies of

glasnost & perestroika accidentally ended communism in Eastern Europe and the Cold War

Ended The Soviet Union

Mandela• After spending

27 years in prison I was released and went on to become the President of South Africa after its first free election

Ended Apartheid