CSP Concise Davis Langdon

8/9/2019 CSP Concise Davis Langdon

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Global construction consultants

GLOBALCONSTRUCTIONCONSULTANTS


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Global construction consultants

CONCENTRATED SOLAR THERMAL POWERJon Dedman


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RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY - Making it work

Obstacles

Natural energy sources are variable high levels of fossil-fuel

back-up are required

High capital expense vs fossil fuels (at least for now)

Grid infrastructure is nation-based rather than regional

Solutions

Capture energy where it is abundant and transport it to whereits needed

Make use of multiple types of energy to offset variability

Capture and distribute energy over a wide area to balancesupply and demand

Use storage mechanisms to meet peaks in demand


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ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES COMPARED

Peak Power 100 to 2000 hours per year 14 to 30 ct/kWh

Pumped Hydro Storage, Fuel Oil , Gas Turbine, Biomass,Geothermal, CSP

Intermediate Power 2000 to 5000 h/y 8 to 18 ct/kWh

Coal, Gas Combined Cycle, Biomass, Geothermal, CSP

Base Load 6000 to over 8000 h/y 7 to 13 ct/kWh

Coal, Lignite,Nuclear, River run-off, Gas combined cycle,Co-generation, Wind, Solar PV, Geothermal, CSP


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RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL IN EU-MENA (Yield inGWhel/km/y)

Solar (up to 250)

Biomass (0-1)

Geothermal (0-1)

Wind (0-50)

Hydropower (0-50)

A CSP plant of thesize of Lake Nasserequals the totalMiddle East oilproduction


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RENEWABLE ENERGY LAND USEDavid Mackay mainly from Energy without the hot air

Wind onshore 2 3 W/m2offshore 3 4 W/m2

Photosynthesis 0.5 0.75 W/m2

Hydro: rain-receiving area 0.24 W/m2or lake / reservoir area 11 W/m2

Wave energy 3 5 W/m2

Tidal stream 5 - 10 W/m2

Tidal lagoons 3 - 6 W/m2

Photo-voltaics (UK) 8 12 W/m2

Concentrated Solar Thermal Power in deserts 20 W/m2


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HARVESTING SOLAR ENERGY IN BULK

Solar PV

Scaleable, no need for water or supervision, but fickle.

Concentrated Solar PV (CPV)

Suitable for siting on buildings, where cooling may be a beneficial by-product

Concentrating Solar Thermal

Receivers much simpler and more durable than PV


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CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY

The mainstream CSP technologyOne sq km of high insolation desert region can provide:

peak power of 20-60 MW (e) and 250million kWh p.a.

or 60 million m3 of desalinated water / year (4kWh/m3)

Solar FieldExpansionvessel

Air cooled or wetcooled condenser

ThermalStorage

Generator

Turbine


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CSP vs PV

CSP Uses heat rather than light

CSP is typically utility scale, ie 10 MW 250 MW per plant.Centralised vs Decentralised

CSP requires strong clear sunshine, PV copes better with

cloud and in cooler climates. PV loses efficiency astemperatures increase

PV has higher embodied energy and carbon and producesmore toxic waste in manufacturing / disposal

CPV requires less semiconductor material, but greater landarea.


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CSP vs PV

CSP can store collected solar energy. Electricity generationcan continue through cloudy periods and into darkness.

CSP has been co-fired with gas to maintain output. Coulduse biomass or energy from waste as back-up.

CSP can supply process heat for industry, desalination, andabsorption cooling for buildings.

CSP - 10GW in detailed planning worldwide, 1 GW inconstruction. Current installed base circa 500 MW

PV - in 2008 Spain installed 2.5 GWp out of global 5.5GWp.Current installed base circa 15 GW.

CPV Iberian peninsula leading.


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CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY

TECHNOLOGIES

Parabolic Trough

Compact LinearFresnel

Power Tower

Parabolic Dish


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CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES

Kramer JunctionCOMPACT

LINEARFRESNEL

REFLECTOR

Main player:

Ausra, (USA / Australia)


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Kramer Junction

POWER TOWER

Main players:

eSolar, BrightSource


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STORAGE

Power supply from a CSP plant can be scheduled and can

continue after dark. Up to 8000 full power hours per year.

Thermal

Molten salt

Concrete, Graphite

Phase change

Thermo-chemical

Ammonia (Wizard Power, Australia)

Magnesium Hydride (BSR Solar, Germany)


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CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIESThermal storage Andasol 1


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CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIESCooling

Wet Cooling

Uses 3.5 meters3

water perMWh

Dry Cooling

Reduces plant waterconsumption by 90%

but loss of efficiencyincreases cost of electricity by10%

Hybrids being developed


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TRANSMISSION

HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC)

Up to 800kV

3% loss per 1000km

Only viable system for undersea cables

Cheaper than HVAC for long distances (like over about

600 800 kilometres) Interconnects and decouples national grids

90% of global population live within 2700 km of a

desert


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HVDC vs HVAC

Corridor widths (looking down the cables)

Fewer conductors

Smaller cables

Less land


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GLOBAL HVDC TRANSMISSION

Total capacity > 75 GW in more than 90 projects, Total Length >

25,000 milesConnect renewable power sources like hydropower or geothermalpower with distant centres of demand

Interconnect countries over sea (e.g. UK-France, Baltic Cable, Italy-

Greece, Sardinia)


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DESERTEC CONCEPT


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DESERTEC CONCEPT

TREC Trans Mediterranean Energy Cooperation

German Aerospace Centre (DLR) TRANSCSP and MED CSP

reportsPlan for 100GW of exportable solar power (above the needs ofsunbelt countries) by 2050

Improve the resilience and security of Europe's electricity supplies,and avoid any new nuclear in Europe

Costs 400 billion Euros over 30 years, only 10 billion of Govtsubsidies

Multiple undersea HVDC cables linking MENA and EU. Twenty 5GW interconnectors in 2050


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MEDITERRANEAN SOLAR PLAN

EU & N. African initiative Union for the Mediterranean

(French-Egyptian co-presidency - Economic and security

collaboration)MSP announced in mid 2008

20GW new RE capacity to be installed by 2020 with 15% forexport to EU

MSP to provide start up support for sunbelt countries:

carbon funding and concessional loans

access to European market RE prices

new public policies to address non economic barriers


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CSP GLOBAL PICTURE

USA most active market, State RE targets driving investments.SW deserts prime resource. Start up manufacturers

BrightSource, sSolar, AusraGermany technology suppliers: Solar Millennium, MAN.

Architects and researchers: DLR and MSP.

France architects and political supporters: MSP

Spain most active EU market, 500MW CSP in planning.Abengoa and Acciona. Researchers.

Australia perfect climate, high energy and water demand. Local

developers Ausra, Wizard Power, Acquasol. Retrofitting CSP tocoal plants. 50x50 km area would meet 2020 electricity demand


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CSP GLOBAL PICTURE

Jordan supporter of DESERTEC concept, high desalinationdemand

Abu Dhabi MASDAR SHAMS 1 100MW CSP in constructionEgypt site of first CSP plant in 1920s, MSP supporter

Morocco co-fired CSP in construction. Recently announced $9Bplan for 2,000 MW of CSP by 2020.

Tunisia NUR Energie working on scheme targeted at 2,000MW,mainly for export to Italy. Using a tower system by BrightSource

Algeria co-fired CSP in construction, exploring undersea cable

connection to GermanyChina ample desert resources, local company Solar ETC.

Building 1.5MW CSP Tower for 2010, 150 MW of CSP by 2015.


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Documents

CSP Concise Davis Langdon