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Csoba Judit [email protected] The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch Debrecen, 15.11.2012.

Csoba Judit [email protected] The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

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Page 1: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

Csoba [email protected]

The institutions and resources of the Hungarian

employment policy

Crisis – Reform – ChangeConference and book launch

Debrecen, 15.11.2012.

Page 2: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

Rates of employment in the European countries

Source: European Labour Force Survey, online database (Eurostat 2010)

Page 3: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

1. The employment situation after the fall of socialism

-loss of old markets and gradually increasing uncertainty,- full employment an unrealistic promise,- the number of the "hidden unemployed" grew significantly, - expectations toward „privatization” and restructuring of the economy was extremely high,- employment seemed to be unmanageable

Page 4: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

2. The emergence of unemployment

-the number of job-seekers registered at employment agencies since 1987-economy, companies and institutions employed many more people than they actually needed -hidden unemployment, "unemployment within he gates.„-to criminalize people who had lost their jobs-the positive "job-seeker" and the negative "work- shy„-the first unemployment benefit was first granted in 1989

Page 5: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

The development of the unemployment rate in Hungary

5

7

9

11

13

%

Unemployment rate

Source: KSH Labour Force Survey 2010

Page 6: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

Country 2000 2005 2010

Czech Republic65.2 64.8 65.0

Estonia61.0 64.2 61.0

Poland55,0 53.0 59.3

Slovakia56.8 57.7 58.8

Hungary56.0 56.9 55.4

Employment rates in some countries in the age group of 15 to 64

Source: OECD, StatExtracts, 2011 http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=STLABOUR#

Page 7: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

The structure of unemployment

- -unemployment occurs more frequently with a low level of schooling,

-men's unemployment rate has increased compared to that of women's,

-high unemployment rate by young people,

-high rate of long-term unemployment

Page 8: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch
Page 9: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch
Page 10: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch
Page 11: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

3. Managing unemployment: the system of labour market institutions

the municipal councils played the role since 1950s by the organizing labor force recruitment,

to develop the formerly existing labour force management activity into a service was made in the early 80s,

a uniform system was first created by ÁBMH (1985),by the end of 1988, 262 out of the former 479

employment offices operated within the framework of the service, including 20 county offices and a total of 36 regional offices in 11 counties employing about 220 people.

in the second half of the 80s the network of service offices already dealt each year with 200,000 job-seekers

Page 12: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

Managing unemployment: the system of labour market instruments

1985 "re-training support„1986 extension of the period of notice and

job-seeking benefit 1987 the possibility of early retirement1987 public employment program 1988 Employment Fund was established with

the aim to support an increasing number of active labour market measures,

Page 13: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

Managing unemployment: the system of passive measure the first unemployment benefit was granted on

January 1, 1989,Act IV of 1991 on the promotion of employment and

unemployment benefitthe period of provision was gradually decreased in

the past 20 years,the duration of the originally 24 month long

unemployment benefit is only 3 months (90 days) since September 1, 2011.

1993 means-tested social benefit by 2011 41.1 % of the registered unemployed were

not entitled to any kind of passive welfare provision – neither unemployment nor social benefits.

Page 14: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

Managing unemployment: the system of active measure

from the middle of the 70s to the middle of the 80s: reorganization of the training system without any other social welfare services,

the earliest and most widely used active measure is the public employment programms

more than 2/3 of all resources available for the financing of active measures were used for these three active measures during the past few years.

Page 15: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch
Page 16: Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch

[email protected]

Thank you for your attention!