CSEB (Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board) Korba East Vocational Training Presentation I~I

7/27/2019 CSEB (Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board) Korba East Vocational Training Presentation I~I

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DR. C.V. RAMANUNIVERSITYKARGIROADKOTA

PRESENTATION ON VOCATIONAL TRAINING

H.O.D.DHARMENDRA SINGH

TRAINING PLACE C.S.P.G.C.L. KORBA EAST

SUBMITTED BYAASTHA KIRTIDIPTY SAHUSHARDA SINGHNIKITA DAS


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CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. Parts of fuel & air circuit

3. Resources of power plant

4. Coal handling plant, Classification Of coal5. Process

6. AIR

7. Equipments used for power generation

8. TURBINE

9. switchyard10. Generator and alternator

11. Auxilaries of turbine-

12. Pumps

13. Interlocking of the turbine-

14. CONDENSER

15. Heaters

16. Dearators

17. Boiler And Auxilaries-

18. Economisers

19. Transformer


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INTRODUCTION :-

The CSEB power plant was established in 1966 with the helpof VSSR.

This is the very first power plant of Chattisgarh.

CSEB(EAST) is a coal based power plant whichhas 6 units.

1. 4 units of 50 mw

2. 2 units of 120 mw

The 4 units of 50 mw turbine are based on Russian

technology. The 2 units of 120 mw turbine are manufactured by

BHEL.

Total installed capacity is 440 mw.


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PARTSOFFUEL &AIRCIRCUIT-

Fuel & Ash circuit - coal is delievered from the supply pointto the storage site by the road rail or water force from the coalhandling plant. The coal having been good enough to be burnt intoboilers is taken by bucket convayers. The coal is stored intobunkers, from where it falls into hoopers by the help of Gravity andthe required quantity of coal spread in crate is collected in a nineand is again refined by a cinder-refining fan. The amount of ash

resulting after the complete combustion of fuel collects at the backof boilor & is moved to the ash storage.

Air And Fuel gas circuit:-Air is Drawn from the Atmosphere by the Draught Fan or induced

draught fan through the air preheats, in which the air is heated bythe heat of gases passimg through the chimney & then admitted byfurnace. The fuel gas after passing through the boiler tubes orsuperheater tubes is drawn by Induced draught fan through thedust collector or the precipitator economiser and air pri-heater andfinally exhausted to the atmosphere through the chimney.


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- Feed water and Steam chimney:-

The steam coming out of the turbine is condensed and the

condensate extraction pump is forced to the low pressure feed waterheaters where temprature rises by the heat of steam. The FEED water isnow pumped through the dearator to the high pressure feed waterheaters where it gets heated. The function of dearator is to redusedissolve oxygen content in the condensate. The feed water than

pumped into boilor through economiser In which furthur heated by theheat of fuel-gas passing it on the way to chimney. In Boilor water is

converted into high pressure steam, which is wet.Wet steam is passedthrough superheaters where it is dried and furthur superheated thansupplied to the steam turbine through the main volve. After giving itsenergy to the turbine it is exhausted to the condenser where its latentheat is extracted and steam is converted into feed.


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- Cooling water circuits :- Cooling water is supplied from

a natural

source such as rivers and lakes is circuited through thecondenserfor condensing the steam and finally dischared to a place nearthe

source supply the circuitation of the cooling water to the

condenser in maintaing a low pressure in the condenser.

Neccesery requirements for power generation in plant:-

1. Water

2. Coal

3. Air


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RESOURCESOFPOWERPLANT

Water- In a powerplant, the following types of water can be used forpower generation,

1. Raw water

2. Drinking water

3.Deminaralised water

4. Makeup water

a. To make up the furnace oil b.make up loss due to lickage

c. In dearator

d. Makeup water is maintained with Dm water so it remains in tpgeplant.

Coal :- Here given is the mode of transport. 1. By road 2. By rail

3. By ropeway

4. By convayer belt

5. By sea

The above 4 ways are used in CSEB Korba for the transmission.


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COALHANDLINGPLANT:-

1. Stress the coal

2.Break big pieces of coals into smaller pieces.

3. Hooper is devided in 3 rack. Each rack contains 500tones and in railway 13 tones.

4.coal size- 10x10x10 inch. Crusher capacity andremoving rock impurities manually and the impurity ofiron particles is removed by electromagnets.

5. The convayer belt transfers from one place to anotherplace. Transfers which is placed between one convayer toanother Problem in use of Convayer belt for Coal Transfer:-


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CONVAYERBELT

Convayer belt failure jamming the exess coal

deposition in Belt. Fuder has a limit switch which

breaks the circuit and stops the belt,

1. Exess belt heating

2. Roller objects

3. Coal switching

Preventation for problems :-

1. Hooters

2. Break switch

3. Staker returner


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*CLASSIFICATIONOFCOAL :-

For power in Manikpuri 2400-3600 kcal energy is

generated by coal burning

-8500 tons of coal is used to generate 450 mw

energy in Korba(East)

-Coal transfer by convayer belt - 1200mm (east),

1400mm (west)


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PROCESS-

*Coal Crusher :-

In coal crusher, coal is break into a size of 1-1.25 inch.

*Cyclone - It is An outlet from where the mortified coal gets into

furnace. It is taken as indicator to identify the coal line.

Coal Bunker- After the coal crusher, coal comes into coalbunker, than it moves to coal feeder and then it goes to Mill forpulverisation and then goes to furnace through primary air.

*Quality of coal depends upon- 1. Ash content should be less

2. Calorific value should be high (3500 j/kg).


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AIR-

1.Primary Air- Provide carriage for powder coal toturbine furnace, as well as heated primary air isspread to avoide moisture of coal powder.

2. Secondary Air- It is used for combussion in

furnace. 3. Exess Air- Quality of coal varies with various

region and surrounding exess air is supported toexist and exess air is supplied to maintain smoothcombusion. 4.5% is adjusted for combusion.


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EQUIPMENTSUSEDFORPOWER

GENERATION- 1. Turbine and auxilaries

2. Condenser

3. Heaters

4. Dearators

5. Boilor and boilor feed pump

6. Boilor and auxilaries

7. Economisers

8. Transfomers

9. switchyard

10. Generator and alternator


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TURBINE- turbine is a perimover, which converts the energy of steam into rotation

of turbine which rotates the rotor of generator. In small generationunits (below 100mw) only single stage turbine is used, but in largegenerator units, 3 stage turbine are used.

1. H.P. Turbine

2. I.P. Turbine

3. L.P. Turbine

- H.P. Turbine- It is a single heated turbine. The superheated steamfrom the final superheater enters in H.P. Turbine at steam pressure127 kg/cm2 and 540 deg.cal. Temprature.

- I.P. Turbine- The exhaust steam from H.P. turbine is heated againby reheater and sent to I.P. Turbine at pressure 27 kg/cm2 and 540deg. Cal.

- L.P. Turbine- the exhausted steam from I.P. Turbine is Fed in L.P.Turbines.


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*MAINELEMENTSOF TURBINES-

1. Nozzles

2. Blades

3. Rotor

4. Casing 5. Volves

6. Bearing

7. Shaft glands


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ELEMENTS-

Nozzles- Steam is normally admitted into house of steamchest emergency, ship volve and governing volves. The steamis exhausted on the nozzles.

Blades- The blade recieve the working force of steam and

transmitted into a working torque into dises on which carry..

Rotor- Usually impulse type of rotor is used in large turbimewhich is built up of saperate wheels pressed on shaft

Casing- This holds the ring bearing and the stationary parts.

Shaft glands- Where as the turbine, a high pressure regionthere will be a layer of steam leakage. Steam is reduced bythe use of glands.


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SWITCHYARD

A Switchyard or Substation, consisting of large breakers and towers,

is usually located in an area close to the plant. The substation is

used as the distribution center where:

electrical power is supplied to the plant from the outside, and

electrical power is sent from the plant

Often there are at least 2 main Buses. Very high voltages (typically

220,000 or 345,000 volts) are present. Gas and oil circuit breakers

are used. The gas (e.g. sulfur hexaflouride) or oil is used to

extinguish the arc caused when a breaker is opened, either by a

control switch or due to a fault. Manually or motor operated

disconnects are provided on either side of the breaker to allow thebreaker to be electrically isolated so that maintenance work can be

performed.


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GENERATORANDALTERNATOR-

This page is an explanation of the theory of operation behind the alternator

and the generator. If you know how these critters work already, then this won't

matter much to you. If they are nothing short of alchemy and you need to

work on or need to modify your charging system - then this page is a must-

read for you. I wrote this as a side-bar to my work on various projects, see

the High Amp Alternators for older GM's and Alternator Conversions for

GM's articles for more details on each area. Each section describes a basiccomponent and how it works.

My experience (and thus this page) is heavily tilted toward GM vehicles, so if

your manual says different things for your car, trust it instead of me. I know

Ford and Chrysler are fairly close to this, but some imported models use

some really weird variations on these basic systems. The basic theory is the

same, but some of the wiring is, um, a bit more funky that is described here.In particular, I believe both the Ford and Chrysler alternator systems were

externally regulated until well into the '80s, and neither has the remote voltage

sensing feature. There are unique issues to be aware of on each one, so I'd

suggest that you go read up on them elsewhere before you attempt a non-GM

swap. Or, just be like me and stick a GM alternator in it even if it's not a GM. :-

)
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*AUXILARIESOFTURBINE-

1. Turbine

2. Main steam stop volve

3. By-pass volve of main steam volve

4. Emergency stop volve

5. Geveaning system


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FUNCTIONOFTURBINE-

1. In Terbine the raw water inlet from bottom and

outlet from upper way.

2. Jack is given in terbine to lift the boilor and

reduse the pressure of the spring.


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*OILPUMPUSEINTERBINE-

1. Jacking oil pump-

The jacking oil pump in turbine does the following-

a. To reduse pressure on gear

b. To stop or start the turbine.c. To reduse initial torque.

d. To roll the turbine.

2. Main Oil Pump- It couple with the rotor of theturbine. Its application is in totally close or totallyopen position.


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PUMPS:-

3. Auxillary Oil pump- It couples with the turbine. It starts whenM.O.P. stops.

*Oil Purifier-

Moisture and water particles of oil in terbine is reduced by theoil purifier.

4. Ac Flushing Oil pump-

The Oil pass through the discharge power starting airpumpthan C.O.P., the M.O.P, the A.O.P and than in Ac Flushing oilpump.


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FUNCTIONOFOILPUMPINTURBINE-

1. Control the governing system of theturbine.

2. It cools and lubricant learing of the

turbine.

3. It supports of the bearing & warmsjacking oil pump is most importent of

turbine, it also called starting and stoppingoil pump. The 2nd main pump is the M.O.Pand 3rd is A.O.p. And then the AC Flushingoil pump....


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INTERLOCKINGOFTHETURBINE-

1. Both/all turning mills trip

2. Both/all P A Fan trip.

3. Both/all running JD fan trip.

4. Both/all running FD fan trip.

5. Both/all boiler feed pump trip.

6. Both gas coolhng pump trip. 7. Both/all CW Pump trip.

8. Low/high furnace pump trip.

9. Low drums levels.

10. High drum level.

11. Overspeed of the turbine.

12. Low speed of the turbine.

13. No secondary air supply.

14. No ash exist, no fuel exist cause of corrosion and furnaceblasting.

15. No water supply to boiler drum change of terminating


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CONDENSER -

When the steam has completed, it work in turbine and beforereturning in boiler, it must be change in water and this process isdone in condenser. It is the largest and most important part ofheat exchange in power station In condenser 1 inch diameter of4000 to 6000 tubes are in there, in which inside raw water andoutside expand steam are present which condense and convert inwater and it gets collected into hot well. This hot water throughC.E.P. gets into low pressure turbine and then gets into dearatorand again running from dearator to boiler feed pump. HPheaters(1,2,3) economiser. The boiler drums then again steamsuperheated and go to the turbine and pass throuh main steam

stop volve and main steam stop volve by the I.P. and the L.P. andagain comes into condenser.


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TYPESOFCONDENSERS-

1. Jet condenser- Water is mixed with thesteam in a clossed vessel. The waterremoves heat from steam and direct contactand steam will condence because a very

large quantity of cooling water is requiredand is not practical.

2. Surface condencer- cooling surfaceconsists of a small diameter tubes, thenuring of cooling water does not matterbecause apart of any leakages which mayoccur in neva in contact With condencer.


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**HEATERS

Two types of heaters are used for heating the feed

water to economiser.

1. L.P. Heaters

2. H.P. Heaters

Both L.P. and H.P. heaters are surface heater


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DEARATORS-

It is placed between LP & HP heaters. The mainfunction of dearator is to reduce the oxygen contentof condensate, collected from main condenser to aleve below 0.007ppm at full load.

Other useful purpose -1. To act as feed water storage tank for suction offeed pump.

2. To provide adequat suction heat to heat pump

3. To act as direct contect heat exchanger betweenLP and HP heaters.


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**BOILERAND AUXILARIES-

The steam plant is a natural circulation radian type water tubeboiler with reheat and auxilaries equipments necessary to firepulverised coal as it mainfold.

Incoming feed water is heated in a forced flow section andpassed through the single drum and four down come to inlet

boxes of banks of water tubes around the furnace roof tubes.

The steam then flow through front of pass wall, steam issupplied to turbine HP Cycle, inlet through boiler and outletmainfold.

**Boiler Feed Pump-Boiler feed pump are required in the power

station for feeding the boiler feed water. They take water fromthe dearator and supply to the economiser through HP heater.Boiler feed pumps are high speed pump.


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**ECONOMISERS-

It consist of a number of tubes in path ofboiler gases and through which the feedwater flow. The saperate tubes are arrangedin a bank elements interconnecting then

with welded band tubes known aseconomiser bands or by expanding objecenttubes into a cast iron box. This way waterflows into the hottest area of the economiser

before flowing into outlet heater and ongilled tubes can be used as a greatest heatabsorbing surface.


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TRANSFORMER-

It is an electrical device which transforms electricak quantity fromone circuit to another without changing the frequency. It works on theprincipal of mutual induction.

The transformer imployed in power plant to set up the generatedvoltage.

1. Generator transformer- It is used to set up the voltage. A highvoltage is required in transmission to reduce the loss.

Station & Auxilary transformer- These are comparatively small. At thetime of starting, loads are supplied by station transformers. Than

after some load is given, station transformers converts high voltage(220 kv) into 66 kv, whereas unit transformer is connected togenerate a low voltage side i.e. 13.8 to 6.6 kv in 120 Mw Korba East.


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POWERTRANSFORMER-

It is used for sleeping up the voltage for transmission at generatingstation for stepping down transformer substation. Power transformerare designed to have considerable leakage reactance then inDistribution Transformer.

urrent Transformer- Measurement of current power system isnecessery for..

1. Indicating ammeters 2. Kwhokw meters

3. Tetametring system

4. Protective relays

It is intended to operate normally with the rated current of thenetwork flowing through the primary winding.

The secondary transformer connected to the measuring instrumentsrelays. CT supplies a current which is proportional to and in phasewith the current circuiting in the primary except for the diffrence dueto current transformer


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POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER-

- Potential transformers are instrumenttransformers. They have a large number of primaryturns and a few number of secondary turns. It isused to control the large value of voltage.

The potential transformer works along the sameprinciple of other transformers. It converts voltagesfrom high to low. It will take the thousands of voltsbehind power transmission systems and step thevoltage down to something that meters can handle.

These transformers work for single and three phasesystems, and are attached at a point where it isconvenient to measure the voltage.

Documents

CSEB (Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board) Korba East Vocational Training Presentation I~I