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8/30/16 1 CSE 111 Bio: Program Design I Lecture 3: Intro to Bio DNA and strings Tanya BergerWolf (CS) & Boris Igić (Bio) University of Illinois, Chicago August 30, 2016 Randall Munoe, XKCD hPp://xkcd.com/1605/ Announcements What: CS Peer Tutoring for CS 1xx, 2xx & 3xx level classes Where: Tutoring room in CS Lounge, SEL 2258 When: Monday Friday, 10am 2pm; & 4 9pm Schedule: CS website under 'Academics' & 'Courses'. Link www.cs.uic.edu/~grad/F16_Peer_Tutoring_Schedule.pdf Undergraduate TA: Haley Widel Office hours: Wednesday 11am – 1pm in CS Lounge, SEL 2258

CSE111Bio:ProgramDesignI$ Undergraduate$TA:$ Lecture’3 ... · 8/30/16 2 Genome’Sizes’ • Carsonella)ruddii,’160,000’base’pairs’(bp) • porcine(pig)circovirus1.7Kbp,’ssDNA’

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Page 1: CSE111Bio:ProgramDesignI$ Undergraduate$TA:$ Lecture’3 ... · 8/30/16 2 Genome’Sizes’ • Carsonella)ruddii,’160,000’base’pairs’(bp) • porcine(pig)circovirus1.7Kbp,’ssDNA’

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CSE  111  Bio:  Program  Design  I  Lecture  3:  Intro  to  Bio  

DNA  and  strings  Tanya  Berger-­‐Wolf  (CS)  &  Boris  Igić  (Bio)  

University  of  Illinois,  Chicago  August  30,  2016  

Rand

all  M

unoe

,  XKC

D  hP

p://xkcd.com

/160

5/  Announcements  

What:  CS  Peer  Tutoring  for  CS  1xx,  2xx  &  3xx  level  classes    Where:  Tutoring  room  in  CS  Lounge,  SEL  2258    When:  Monday  -­‐  Friday,  10am  -­‐  2pm;  &  4  -­‐  9pm    Schedule:  CS  website  under  'Academics'  &  'Courses'.    Link    www.cs.uic.edu/~grad/F16_Peer_Tutoring_Schedule.pdf       Undergraduate  TA:  Haley  Widel  Office  hours:  Wednesday  11am  –  1pm  in  CS  Lounge,  SEL  2258          

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Genome  Sizes  

•  Carsonella  ruddii,  160,000  base  pairs  (bp)  •  porcine  (pig)  circovirus  1.7Kbp,  ssDNA  •  cowpea  mosaic  virus,  9.4Kbp,  ssRNA  •  phi29  (Bacillus  phage)  19Kbp,  dsDNA  •  Paris  japonica,  150Gbp  •  Protopterus  aethiopicus,  130Gbp  •  Amoeba  dubia,      670Gbp  

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Relevant  Theories:  Cell    •  In  1665,  Robert  Hooke  coined  the  term  cell  to  describe  the  structures  he  could  see  in  cork  with  some  of  the  first  microscopes.  Since  then,  technology  has  given  us  an  increasingly  complex  view  of  the  basic  unit  of  life.  

•  Cell  theory:  all  organisms  have  one  or  more  cells,  basic  units  of  organizahon;  cells  arise  from  previously  exishng  cells.  

 

7  7  

Relevant  Theories:  Genes    •  In  1866  Gregor  Mendel  published  his  experiments  on  pea  plants,  demonstrahng  that  discrete  traits  are  transmiPed  over  generahons  in  a  predictable  manner.      

•  T.  H.  Morgan  in  1915  establishes  chromosomes  as  carriers  of  heredity.  

•  Theory  of  heredity:  traits  are  affected  by  genes,  transmiPed  between  generahons  in  a  predictable  manner.  

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Relevant  Theories:  Genes   What  is  a  chromosome  made  of?  

DNA  and  RNA  Structure:  Polymers  of  sugar,  phosphate,  and  base  

OH  

O  

3ʹ′

PO4  

base  

CH2  O  

base  

O  P  O  

C  

O  –O  

CH2  

1ʹ′

2ʹ′

4ʹ′

5ʹ′

1ʹ′

2ʹ′

3ʹ′

3ʹ′

4ʹ′

5ʹ′

5ʹ′

What  is  this  3ʹ′  or  5ʹ′  stuff?    

•  the  leading  carbon  aPaches  to  a  phosphate-­‐P  (5’)  

•  the  last  trailing  carbon  is  aPached  to  hydroxyl–OH  (3’)  

• base  =  A,  C,  G,  T  

DNA  Structure  

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4  

3ʹ′  

5ʹ′  

5ʹ′  

3ʹ′  

AnWparallel  Strands  

•  Nucleohdes  in  DNA  backbone  are  bonded  from  phosphate  to  sugar  between  3ʹ′  &  5ʹ′  carbons  

– DNA  molecule  has  “direchon”  – complementary  strand  runs  in  opposite  direchon  

DNA Structural Bonding

3ʹ′  

5ʹ′   3ʹ′  

5ʹ′  

covalent  phosphodiester  bonds  

STRONG  

hydrogen        WEAK  bonds  

•  Purines – adenine (A) – guanine (G)

•  Pyrimidines –  thymine (T) – cytosine (C)

•  Pairing – A : T

•  2 bonds – C : G

•  3 bonds

DNA Pairing Rules

– base pairing allows each strand to serve as a template for a new strand

– new strand is 1/2 parent template & 1/2 new DNA

•  semi-conservative copy process

DNA Replication

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5  

3’  

5’  3’  

5’  

5’  

3’  3’   5’  

helicase  

primase  

DNA    polymerase  III  

DNA    polymerase  III  

DNA    polymerase  I  

ligase  

leading  strand  

lagging  strand  

SSB  

direcWon  of  replicaWon  

DNA Replication The  Central  Dogma  of    Molecular  Biology  

DNA  -­‐>  RNA  -­‐>  Protein  

The  Central  Dogma  of    Molecular  Biology  

The  Central  Dogma  of    Molecular  Biology  

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The  Central  Dogma  of    Molecular  Biology  

The  Central  Dogma  of    Molecular  Biology  

The  Central  Dogma  of    Molecular  Biology  

DNA  Sequencing  

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DNA  Sequencing:  Sanger  Method   DNA  Sequencing:  Shotgun  Assembly  

Q:  Suppose  the  ‘shotgun'  sequences  are:  CTGC    AGCAT    AGCATG    GCTGC  

What  is  the  original  sequence?  A.    AGCATGCTGC  B.   CTGCAGCATAGCATGGCTGC  C.   GCTGCAGCATG  D.   AGCATGC  E.   No  clue  

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>>>  biologist1  =  "Watson"  >>>  biologist1  'Watson’  >>>  biologist2  =  'Crick'  >>>  biologist2  'Crick‘  >>>  firstbiologist  =  ‘Rosalind  Franklin’  >>>  firstbiologist    ‘Rosalind  Franklin’  >>>  print  firstbiologist    Rosalind  Franklin  >>>  print  biologist1+biologist2  ‘WatsonCrick’  >>>  result  =  biologist1+biologist2  >>>  print  “The  two  biologists  are  “,  result  The  two  biologists  are  ‘WatsonCrick’      

 hPp://blogs.nature.com/freeassociahon/tag/watson-­‐and-­‐crick  

Copyright  (c)    Henry  Grant  Archive/Museum  of  London  

hPps://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/KR/