CSCW

• CSCW

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Decision support system - Further reading

1 Diasio, S., Agell, N. (2009) "The evolution of expertise in decision

support technologies: A challenge for organizations," cscwd, pp. 692–697,

13th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative

Work in Design, 2009. http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/CSCWD.2009.49681

39https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Social software - History

1 Christopher Allen supported this definition and traced the core ideas of this concept back

through Computer Supported Cooperative or Collaborative Work (CSCW) in the 1990s, Groupware in the 1970s and 1980s, to

Englebart’s "augmentation" (1960s) and Bush’s "Memex" (1940s). Although he identifies a

"lifecycle" to this terminology that appears to reemerge each decade in a different form, this does not necessarily mean that social software

is simply old wine in new bottles.


Creativity - Understanding and enhancing the creative process with new technologies

1 Groupware and other Computer Supported Collaborative Work

(CSCW) platforms are now the stage of Network Creativity on the web or

on other private networks


Human–computer interaction - Differences with related fields

1 The principles of human interaction management (HIM) extend the scope

of CSCW to an organizational level and can be implemented without use

of computer systems.


Human–computer interaction - Special purpose

1 * CSCW: ACM conference on

Computer Supported

Cooperative Work.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Human–computer interaction - Special purpose

1 * ECSCW: European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. Every second

year.


Barry Wellman - Work networks and ICTs

1 This effort in the early 1990s was done before the widespread

popularity of the Internet, to use networked PCs for videoconferencing

and computer supported collaborative work (CSCW).Marilyn Mantei, Ronald Baecker, William Buxton, Thomas Milligan, Abigail

Sellen and Barry Wellman


Activity theory

1 Redmiles (eds.) A Special Issue of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): Activity Theory and

the Practice of Design, Volume 11 (1-2), pp


Activity theory - Human-computer interaction

1 5.From the point of view of complex work settings, it was striking how

most HCI focused on one user - one computer in contrast to the ever-

ongoing cooperation and coordination of real work situations

(this problem later lead to the development of CSCW)


Computer-supported cooperative work

1 The term 'computer-supported cooperative work' ('CSCW') was first coined by Irene Greif

and Paul M


Computer-supported cooperative work

1 On the other hand, different authors claim that while groupware refers to real computer-based systems, CSCW

focuses on the study of tools and techniques of groupware as well as

their psychological, social, and organizational effects


Computer-supported cooperative work - Central concerns of CSCW

1 Despite the variety of disciplines, CSCW is an identifiable research field

focused on understanding characteristics of interdependent group work with the objective of

designing adequate computer-based technology to support such

cooperative work.



1 For example, many RD professionals working with CSCW are computer scientists who have realized that

social factors play an important role in the development of collaborative

systems



1 Over the years, CSCW researchers have identified a number of core

dimensions of cooperative work. A non-exhaustive list includes:



1 CSCW researcher Mark Ackerman calls this divide between what we

know we must support socially and what we can support technically the socio-technical gap and describes

CSCW's main research agenda to be exploring, understanding, and

hopefully ameliorating this gap.


Computer-supported cooperative work - CSCW Matrix

1 One such conceptualization is the CSCW Matrix, first introduced in 1988

by Johansen; it also appears in Baecker (1995)


Computer-supported cooperative work - Leadership

1 Generally, teams working in a CSCW environment need the same types of leadership as other teams. However,

research has shown that distributed CSCW teams may need more direction at the time

the group is formed than to traditional working groups, largely to promote cohesion and liking among people who may not have as many opportunities to interact in person, both before and after the formation of the

working group.


Computer-supported cooperative work - Creativity

1 However, research has shown that the Interface (computing)|interface elements of CSCW environments

often slow down creative collaboration due to the design of

interfaces themselves


Computer-supported cooperative work - Adoption of Groupware

1 Groupware goes hand in hand with CSCW. The term refers to software

that is designed to support activities of a group or organization over a

network and includes email, conferencing tools, group calendars, workflow management tools, etc.


Computer-supported cooperative work - Adoption of Groupware

1 On the technical side, networking issues with groupware often create challenges in using groupware for CSCW. While access to the Internet is becoming increasingly

ubiquitous, geographically dispersed users still face challenges of differing network

conditions. For instance, web conferencing can be quite challenging if some members

have a very slow connection and others are able to utilize high speed connections.


Computer-supported cooperative work - Intergenerational Groups

1 One of the recurring challenges in CSCW environments is development of an infrastructure that can bridge cross-Generation gap|generational

gaps in virtual teams.


Computer-supported cooperative work - Intergenerational Groups

1 Ideally, system designs will accommodate all team members, but orienting older workers to new CSCW

tools can often be difficult


Computer-supported cooperative work - Advantages of CSCW

1 While CSCW working environments certainly face challenges, they also provide many advantages as well.

For instance, teams that work together asynchronously provide

members with the luxury to contribute when they want, from the

location of their choosing, thus eliminating the need for members to “synchronize schedules.” CSCW also

allows employees with specific expertise to be a part of teams

without the concern of geographic restraints.”



1 CSCW can also result in major cost savings to companies who

implement virtual teams and allow employees to work at home by eliminating the need for travel,

rented office space, parking, electricity office equipment, etc. Conversely, from the employee’s

perspective, commuting costs and time associated with communing are

also eliminated.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 Further, research has shown that the use of multiple Conversation

threading|communication threads can increase group participation and

contribution from more team members and foster a less

egalitarian communication structure. Along the same lines, text-based

CSCW communication, such as email, allows users to keep a record of

communication and can promote long-term collaboration and learning

through observing others.


Computer-supported cooperative work - Differing Meanings

1 Even within the CSCW field, researchers often rely on different journals, research,

contextual factors and schools of thought, which can result in disagreement and

confusion especially when common terms in the field are used in subtly different ways (“user,” “implementation,” etc.) Also, user

requirements change over time and are often not clear to participants due to their

evolving nature and the fact that requirements are always in flux.


Computer-supported cooperative work - Identifying User Needs

1 Because organizations are so nuanced, CSCW researchers often

have difficulty deciding which set(s) of tools will benefit a particular group


Computer-supported cooperative work - Evaluation and Measurement

1 Possibly as a result of the debate between qualitative and quantitative

researchers, three evaluation approaches have emerged in the

literature examining CSCW systems



1 Methodology-oriented frameworks explain the methods of inquiry available to CSCW researchers without providing guidance for selecting the best method for a particular research question or

population.



1 Conceptual frameworks provide guidelines for determining factors that a researcher should consider

and evaluate through CSCW research but fail to link conceptual constructs

with methodological approaches. Thus, while researchers may know what factors are important to their inquiry, they may have difficulty

understanding which methodologies will result in the most informative

findings.



1 Concept-oriented frameworks provide specific advice for studying isolated aspects of CSCW but lack

guidance as to how specific areas of study can be combined to form more

comprehensive insight.


Computer-supported cooperative work - CSCW Conferences

1 With the rapidly increasing development of new devices that allow collaboration from different locations and contexts, the CSCW

seeks to bring together researchers from across academia and industry to discuss the many facets of virtual collaboration from both social and

technical perspectives


Outline of human–computer interaction - Interaction paradigms

1 * CSCW: Computer Supported Collaborative (or Cooperative) Work, collaborative software


Gregory Abowd - Selected bibliography

1 * Kientz, J.A. G.R. Hayes, G.D. Abowd, R.E. Grinter: From the war room to

the living room: decision support for home-based therapy teams. CSCW

2006: 209-218


Jonathan Grudin

1 Grudin is a pioneer of the field of CSCW and one of its most prolific contributors


Jonathan Grudin

1 managers' best interests may not be in the ordinary users' interests. He was awarded the inaugural CSCW

Lasting Impact Award in 2014 on the basis of this work.


Social software - History

1 Christopher Allen supported this definition and traced the core ideas

of this concept back through Computer Supported Cooperative or

Collaborative Work (CSCW) in the 1990s, Groupware in the 1970s and 1980s, to Englebart’s augmentation (1960s) and Bush’s Memex (1940s)


Web 2.0 - Criticism

1 Previous developments also came from research in Computer

Supported Collaborative Learning|computer-supported collaborative learning and computer supported

cooperative work (CSCW) and from established products like Lotus Notes

and Lotus Domino, all phenomena that preceded Web 2.0.


Electronic medical record - Philosophical views of the EHR

1 For example, actor-network theory would see the EHR as an actant in a network, while research in computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) sees the EHR as a tool supporting

particular work.


Computer Supported Collaborative Learning

1 ISBN 0-8058-6174-2 It is related to collaborative learning and computer

supported cooperative work|computer supported cooperative

work (CSCW).


Social Semantic Web - Overview

1 Socio-semantic web was coined by Manuel Zacklad and Jean-Pierre

Cahier in 2003 and used in the field of Computer Supported Cooperative

Work (CSCW)


Computer-supported collaboration

1 As net technology increasingly supported a wide range of recreational and social activities,

consumer markets expanded the user base, enabling more and more people to connect

online to create what researchers have called a CSCW|computer supported cooperative work,

which includes all contexts in which technology is used to mediate human activities such as communication, coordination, cooperation,

competition, entertainment, games, art, and music (from CSCW 2004).


Computer-supported collaboration - Focused on contracts and rendezvous

1 * 'groupware', which became a commercial buzzword and was used

to describe popular commercial products such as Lotus Notes. Check [http://www.enolagaia.com/UMUArchive/CSCWLitGuide.html#CoreLit here]

for a comprehensive literature review.


Computer-supported collaboration - Basic tasks

1 Tasks undertaken in this field resemble those of any social science, but with a special focus on systems integration and Group (sociology)|

groups:[http://www1.acm.org/cscw2004/prog_tutorials.html CSCW 2004

tutorials]


Computer-supported collaboration - ACM conferences

1 Starting with the next conference in [ http://www.cscw2010.org/ 2010],

CSCW becomes an annual event held in February


Computer-supported collaboration - Identity and privacy

1 Digital identity|Online identity and privacy concerns, especially identity theft, have grown to dominate the

CSCW agenda in more recent years. The separate Computers, Freedom and Privacy conferences deal with larger social questions, but basic

concerns that apply to systems and work process design tend still to be discussed as part of CSC research.


Computer-supported collaboration - Related fields

1 Related fields are collaborative product development, Computer-aided

design|CAD/Computer-aided manufacturing|CAM, computer-aided software engineering

(CASE), Product Lifecycle Management#Concurrent engineering

workflow|concurrent engineering, workflow management, distance learning, telemedicine,

medical CSCW and the real-time network conferences called MUDs (after multi-user

dungeons, although they are now used for more than game-playing).


Kathleen Carley - Research

1 Carley, 2006, Identification of Coordination Requirements:

Implications for the design of collaboration and awareness tools, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Banff, Alberta, Canada, Best

Papers of CSCW 2006, pp.


ACE (editor) - Technology background

1 The theory on consistency maintenance stems from the

research field called Computer Supported Cooperative Work, for

short CSCW.


Novay - Overview

1 It aims to translate fundamental knowledge into market-oriented

research for the public and private sectors in the field of telematics:

multimedia, electronic commerce, mobile communications, CSCW,

knowledge management, etc


Collaborative working environment - CWS and collaborative software (or groupware)

1 However, a collaborative work system (CWS) does not necessarily

require groupware support. A simple way to conceptualize the relation between the two concepts is to consider computer supported

cooperative work (CSCW) as a whole consisting of a collaborative work

system (CWS) supported by collaborative software or groupware.


Collaborative working environment - CWS and collaborative software (or groupware)

1 On the other hand, a collaborative working environment which supports

people in both their individual and cooperative work, whatever their

geographical location transcends the notion of CSCW which deals

specifically with cooperative work.


Collaboration platform

1 The authors claim that CSCW, and thereby groupware addresses how collaborative activities and their

coordination can be supported by means of computer systems


Collaboration platform

1 Whereas the groupware or collaborative software pertains to the technological elements of computer

supported cooperative work, collaborative work systems become a useful analytical tool to understand the behavioral and organizational

variables that are associated to the broader concept of CSCW.Wilson, P


Operational transformation - History

1 Since then, SIGCE holds annual CE workshops in conjunction with major

CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) conferences, such as ACM CSCW, GROUP and ECSCW.


CLEO (router)

1 Hogie, et al., [ http://www.csc.com/cscworld/ Putting more Internet nodes in space], CSC

World, Computer Sciences Corporation, pp


Group decision support systems

1 GDSS are distinct from computer supported cooperative work (CSCW)

technologies as GDSS are more focused on task support, whereas

CSCW tools provide general communication support .


Peace and conflict studies - Responses

1 Correlates of War at Harvard University

[http://dvn.iq.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/cow]: PRIO/ Uppsala University Data on

Armed Conflict [http://www.prio.no/CSCW/Datasets/A

rmed-Conflict/].


Awareness - Communications and information systems

1 Awareness is also a concept used in Computer Supported Cooperative

Work, CSCW. Its definition has not yet reached a consensus in the scientific

community in this general expression.


List of computer science conferences - Human–computer interaction

1 * CSCW - Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work


Creative process - Understanding and enhancing the creative process with new technologies

1 Groupware and other Computer Supported Collaborative Work

(CSCW) platforms are now the stage of Network Creativity on the web or

on other private networks


Stigmergy - Applications

1 CSCW '08


Electronic health record - Philosophical views of the EHR

1 For example, actor-network theory would see the EHR as an actant in a network, while research in computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) sees the EHR as a tool supporting

particular work.


Social loafing - Reducing social loafing

1 #Collaboration is a way to get everyone involved in the group by assigning each

member special, meaningful tasks.[http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing

/research/cseg/projects/pointer/patterns/collocatedTeamwork/collocatedTeamwork.html

Pattern: Collaboration in Small Groups] by CSCW, The Computing Company, October 31, 2005, retrieved October 31, 2005 It is a way

for the group members to share the knowledge and the tasks to be fulfilled unfailingly


Michael Lawrie - Public access systems

1 He was one of the management team of Edinburgh University's Tardis

Project http://lorry.org/Docs/tardis-paper.ps in 1987 and later managed HICOM, a joint project between the

British Computer Society, the British Psychological Society, Digital

Equipment Corporation and British Telecom into Home Computer

Initiative|HCI and CSCWhttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

SharedX

1 57-63Philip Gust, “Multi-User Interfaces”, DARPA Collaborative Technology Research Group Meeting,

Cambridge, England, May 1988.Philip Gust, Shared X Support for CSCW, CSCW Implementors' Panel, Second

Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Portland, Oregon, September 1988.“Beyond the

Desktop” Hewlett-Packard TV Video Production S-1110, October 1988.Philip Gust, “The HP Labs Multi-

User Interface Project”, 1989 Computer-Human Interface Conference, Austin Texas, April 1989.Philip

Gust, “Multi-User Interfaces for Extended Group Collaboration”, 1989 IFIP Groupware Technology

Workshop, Palo Alto California, August 1989.


DiamondTouch - History

1 In 2003, MERL started a university loan program in which DiamondTouch tables were provided to

universities for research purposes, and tabletop computing research built around DiamondTouch

began at research groups including Stanford University, Carnegie Mellon University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and University of Tokyo,

leading to research papers presented at academic conferences including UIST, ACM Conference on

Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), and International Conference on

Human-Computer Interaction (HCII)


DiamondTouch - Notable Research

1 * A Shared Speech Interface was designed by researchers at UCSD to

facilitate conversations between deaf and non-signing, hearing people.

[http://hci.ucsd.edu/ampiper/ssi.html Shared Speech Interface], Anne

Marie Piper, UCSD. The work was presented at CSCW 2008.


Collaborative editing - Overview

1 [http://books.google.com/books?id=F_3RxNdMUNQCpg=PA315dq=col

laborative+editingclient=firefox-a#v=onepageq=collaborative

%20editingf=false ECSCW 2003: proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Computer Supported

Cooperative Work, p


Carmel Bay State Marine Conservation Area - Geography and natural features

1 [https://tourbuilder.withgoogle.com/builder#play/

ahJzfmd3ZWItdG91cmJ1aWxkZXJyDAsSBFRvdXIYvrEhDA/

ahJzfmd3ZWItdG91cmJ1aWxkZXJyIgsSBFRvdXIYvrEhDAsSCVBsYWNlbWFya

xiAgICAgICsCww Click here for a virtual tour]


Disaster Monitoring Constellation - Second Generation

1 K. Hogie, et al., [http://www.csc.com/cscworld/backissues Putting more Internet nodes in

space], CSC World, Computer Sciences Corporation, pp. 21-23,

April/June 2006.


Grounding in communication - Criticisms

1 http://www.ecscw.uni-siegen.de/

2003/005Koschmann_ecscw03.pdf


Grounding in communication - Criticisms

1 http://www.ecscw.uni-

siegen.de/2003/005Koschman

n_ecscw03.pdf.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

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