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CSCE 101 Introduction to Computer Concepts
2
Lecturer
Benito Mendoza E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: (803) 777-5609 (803) 447-6303
Meeting Time: MW 1:25PM- 2:15PM (Sections 7, 8, and 9)TTH 11:00AM-11:50AM (Sections 10, 11, and
12)
Office Hours: M 11:30 PM - 1:00 PM T 9:30 AM- 11:00 AM (appointment for other time)
Website: www.cse.sc.edu/~mendoza2/csce101/
3
What you’ll learn in this semester
Intro to Information Technology Application and System Software Hardware Networking and Telecommunication
Basics Introductory Coverage of Programming Databases Number Systems Web Design
4
Pattern of teaching
We’ll have 50 minutes lectures sessions. Lectures will be focusing on theory
50 minutes of lab sessions Hands-on exercises will be given during labs Hands-on will be related to application programs, covering part of the features
in HTML and MS Office (Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint), programming languages and tools.
With the following schedule:
Section Schedule Instructor
007 F 1:25PM- 2:15PM Sombuddha Poddar
008 F 2:30PM- 3:20PM Ryan Yandle
009 TH 2:00PM- 2:50PM Ryan Yandle
010 W 11:15AM-12:05PM Alicia Ruvinsky
011 W 12:20PM- 1:10PM Maryam Jafari-Lafti
012 W 1:25PM- 2:15PM Alicia Ruvinsky
5
Assessment
Homework/Quizzes 10%, Lab 30%, 2 Tests 40% (20% each), Final Exam 20%
The lowest homework/quiz grade will be dropped. Exams are typically a combination of true/false (~ 35% of total
points) and short answer questions (~ 65% of total points). The exams are not trivial and require thorough understanding of the course material.
A cumulative make-up test/quiz will be given at the end of the semester for students who have legitimate excuses confirmed before hand with the instructor.
Absolutely no late work is accepted except for documented emergencies.
The quality of your work and overall effort will greatly affect your assignment grades.
You must pass the lab to pass the course. In other words, you cannot pass the course if you fail the lab even if you have a passing grade for the lecture part of the course.
6
Frequently asked questions
Is CSCE101 an easy course? How about textbook?
7
Chapter 1 – Expected Outcome
After this lecture, students are expected to be able to
Understand what “being computer savvy” means
Describe the roles of computer in daily life.
Name the different types of computer and briefly describe their common use.
Describe what are software and hardware with examples.
Name the hardware (Input / Output / Process / Storage / Communication) found in typical computer and briefly explain their respective usage.
Give examples on the major types of computer abuse.
8
Ubiquitous / Pervasive Computing
1. USB Darts (Engadget)
2. USB Eye Massager (Engadget)
3. Flying Alarm (Sleeptracker)
4. USB Slippers (Thanko)
5. Transparent Toaster (Inventables)
6. Spoon (Makezine)
7. USB Gloves (USBGeek)
8. Origami DVD Player (Inventables)
9. Scented MP3 Player (Akihabanews)
10. Roomba (IRobot)
9
Pervasive Computing
Effects of pervasive computing Information overload Lesser use of memory & surge is multitasking Privacy concerns “Smart” & “dumb” mobs
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The “Net” Generation
Characteristics of Netgeners Staying connected is essential Multitasking is a way of life Students are impatient and results-oriented (e.g. doing rather than
listening) They gravitate towards group activity
Being Computer Savvy Computer literacy Know how to make better buying decisions, fix ordinary computer
problems, upgrade hardware and integrate it with new products, use the Internet most effectively, protect yourself against cyber villains, advance your career using IT
What is the worse computer problem you’ve encountered? What intimidates you the most about computers?
11
Information Technology (IT)
Computer Technology Programmable, multiuse machines that accept data and
process it into information Speeds up problem solving and increases productivity There are various categories of computers with respect to
their size and the way in which they are used
Communications Technology Electromagnetic devices and systems for communication over
long distances Allows for transmission of data over various mediums in a
wired (e.g. via cables) or wireless (e.g. via IR and RF signals) manner
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How is IT being used in Education?
99% of schools have internet access 85% of college students own their own computer ¾ of college students use the internet 4 or more hours
per week ½ of all college professors require students to use
email in their classes Many college classes are either taught online or have
a class websiteDistance Learning is online education
13
Health: High Tech for Wellness
Health websites provide medical information Telemedicine: Medical care via telecommunications lets
doctors treat patients from far away 3D Computer models allow accurate tumor location
inside a skull Robots permit precise microsurgery Handheld computers allow patients to measure blood
sugar Medical implants allow stroke patients to directly
control computers to talk for them
14
Money: Cashless Society?
Virtual means something that is created, simulated, or carried on by means of a computer or a computer network
Virtual airline tickets Virtual money
Online bill paying PayPal Electronic payroll deposit Micropayments for online music
How important is security if all your money is virtual?
15
How computers change our life?
Communication (Long dist. phone v.s. Skype 1:1->M:M)
Gathering after school -> icq -> msn Entertainment (cinema -> DVD / youtube) Project/Reports (paper-based -> doc / ppt) Activities in daily life:
News: http://www.cnn.com Banking: http://ww.bankofamerica.com Shopping: http://www.amazon.com
http://www.ebay.com/
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Communications
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Communications
18
Media / Entertainment
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Media / Entertainment
Computer graphics is used in films nowadays To replace expensive physical models Objects can be duplicated easily Shorten the time-to-market
Examples: Jurassic Park Terminator
20
IT in Government & Democracy
Governments can’t control information Individuals can find multiple viewpoints on
internet Email makes it easier to contact the
government Competing websites promote & criticize
politicians www.whitehouse.gov www.whitehouse.org
Blogs are a tool for political candidates
21
Jobs & Careers
Hotels: Desk clerks use computerized reservations systems
Law Enforcement: Officers use computers On patrol To check stolen cars To check criminal records To check arrest warrants
Entertainment: Office uses like budgets, payroll, ticketing Also virtual set design, 3-D animation, special
effects
22
Jobs & Careers
Office careers: Budget, payroll, letter-writing, email Teaching: Automated grading systems, emailing
parents Fashion: Sales/inventory control systems, ordering,
personnel Job-hunting:
Use word processor to create resumes Post resumes online Online job searches
Can you think of a career that does NOT require computer skills?
23
The Telephone Grows Up
1973: First cellphone call 2006: Nokia estimates 2 billion mobile phone
subscribers Today’s cellphones:
Are mobile Can take and send pictures Can connect to the internet Can send and receive text messages
Why are cellphones banned in high-security military bases?
24
Internet, World Wide Web, & Cyberspace
Internet The worldwide computer network Links thousands of smaller networks Links educational, commercial, military entities,
and individuals Originally developed to share only text and
numeric data
25
Internet, World Wide Web, & Cyberspace
World Wide Web The multimedia part of the internet An interconnected system of servers that support
specially formatted documents in multimedia form
Includes text, still images, moving images, sound Responsible for the growth and popularity of the
internet
26
Internet, World Wide Web, & Cyberspace
Cyberspace Term coined by William Gibson in Neuromancer
(1984) Described a futuristic computer network people
“plugged” into directly with their brains Now means
The web Chat rooms Online diaries (blogs) The wired and wireless communications world
27
What’s so special about computer?
What makes computer different from other machines is that:
Computerruns program!By changing the
program (instructions), the same computer can be used to perform different function
(That’s why X-Box can be hacked to run Linux OS)
28
Moore’s Law
It is an empirical observation attributed to Gordon Moore, a co-founder of Intel
The number of transistors on integrated circuits (a rough measure of computer processing power) doubles every 18 months
Why and for how long will it hold?
How “fast” will our computers become?
Does processor improvement always yield a faster computer?
29
The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines
1. Supercomputers
2. Mainframes
3. Workstations
4. Microcomputers
5. Microcontrollers
Supercomputer
30
Supercomputer
Example Application: weather maps, construction of atom bombs, finding oil, earthquake prediction, etc.
Fastest, most powerful, most expensive among the categories
Priced from $1 million to $350 million
Suitable for intensive calculations and processing
High-capacity machines with thousands of processors
Multi-user systems To learn more about one, go to
http://www.llnl.gov/asc/computing_resources/bluegenel/bluegene_home.html
31
The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines
1. Supercomputers
2. Mainframes
3. Workstations
4. Microcomputers
5. MicrocontrollersMainframe
32
Mainframesmainframes support more simultaneous programs.
But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe
Until late 1960’s, the only computer availableAllows hundreds of people to have simultaneous computer usage
Multi-user systems; accessed using a terminalProcessing speed: > 1,000,000,000,000 instructions per secondCost $5,000 - $5 millionTerminals only have a keyboard and monitor; can’t be used aloneTo see one, go to
http://www3.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/
33
The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines
1. Supercomputers
2. Mainframes
3. Workstations
4. Microcomputers
5. Microcontrollers
Workstation:
Sun Ultra450
Expensive, powerful computers usually used for complex scientific, mathematical, and engineering calculations and for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing.Workstations provide capabilities comparable to midsize mainframes.
34
The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines
1. Supercomputers
2. Mainframes
3. Workstations
4. Microcomputers
5. Microcontrollers
HP Compaq Business d220 tower microcomputer
35
The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines
1. Supercomputers
2. Mainframes
3. Workstations
4. Microcomputers
5. Microcontrollers
Compaq Evo desktop microcomputer
36
The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines
1. Supercomputers
2. Mainframes
3. Workstations
4. Microcomputers
5. Microcontrollers
Apple i-Mac computer
37
The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines
1. Supercomputers
2. Mainframes
3. Workstations
4. Microcomputers
5. Microcontrollers
Laptop computer
38
The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines
1. Supercomputers
2. Mainframes
3. Workstations
4. Microcomputers
5. Microcontrollers
Personal Digital Assistant
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
Perform simple tasksSmall screenInput and output ?
39
The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines
1. Supercomputers
2. Mainframes
3. Workstations
4. Microcomputers
5. Microcontrollers
DSP: Digital Signal Processor
40
How about “Servers” ?
“Server” is not the name of a type of computer…
Generic definition: Server is the party providing
service and Client is the party requesting service
For Example: Server - a machine which stores your email / web page
Clients - PCs, workstations which access mail / webpage (e.g.
running I.E.)
41
Roles of Computers
The client-server model Server: central computer that holds
collections of data & programs Processes requests from clients Must be able to handle load E.g. web, e-mail, and file servers
Client: PCs, workstations, and other devices that issue requests and receive data and services from servers
Features: Highly structured Server is a centralized point of
failure
42
Roles of Computers
The peer-to-peer (P2P) model Peer = client + server Various degrees of distribution of load
and tasks including the indexed (e.g. Napster), hybrid, and pure P2P (e.g. Gnutella) models
Features: Pooling of resources No single point of failure Flexible structure Reliability, trust, and privacy
concerns Some P2P Systems:
BitTorrent Freenet
43
How Computers WorkConcept #1
The purpose of the computer is to process data into information
Data: raw facts and figures Information: data that has been summarized or otherwise manipulated
for use in decision making
Test 1: 85Test 2: 65Final: 95
Total Grade: 83Letter Grade: B
Total Grade = Test 1 x 0.3 + Test 2 x 0.3+Final x 0.4
Input Data Output InfoProcess
44
Hardware
All the machinery and equipment in a computer system
Software
All the instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task
How Computers Work - Concept #2Computers consist of hardware and software.
45
How Computers WorkConcept #3
All computers perform the same five basic tasks
Input Data
Processing
Storage
OutputCommunications
46
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Keyboard
Mouse
Thanks to the improvement
of technology. Wireless version
is more common
47
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Case or system cabinet
48
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Processor chip
49
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Motherboard
50
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
Primary storage (memory) - RAM Computer circuitry that
temporarily holds data waiting to be processed
Secondary storage (storage) - The area in the computer where
data or information is held permanently
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
51
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
Memory chips
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
52
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Zip disk
Floppy disk
53
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Hard-disk drive
54
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
CD drive
55
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Flash Memory and USB Drive
56
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Sound card
57
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Speakers
58
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
59
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Monitor
60
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
Printer
61
How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications
62
You still need the software!System Software and Application Software
System software
Helps the computer perform essential operating tasks and enables the application software to run
(Resource Manager)
and…
63
You still need the software! System Software vs. Application Software
Application software
Enables you to perform specific tasks. e.g:
Word Processing Photo Editing Creating web pages Computer Games…
64
Building Your Own PC
What would you need? Keyboard & Mouse Inside the system cabinet
Case and power supply Processor chip – the Central Processor Unit (CPU) Memory chips – Random Access Memory (RAM) Motherboard – the system board
1. Memory chips plug in2. Processor chip plugs in3. Motherboard attaches to system cabinet4. Power supply is connected to system cabinet5. Power supply wire is connected to motherboard
Storage Hardware: Floppy, Hard Drive, Zip, CD/DVD, USB
65
Building Your Own PC
Storage Hardware: Floppy, Hard Drive, Zip, CD/DVD, USB Storage capacity is represented in bytes
1 byte = 1 character of data 1 kilobyte = 1,024 characters 1 megabyte = 1,048,576 characters 1 gigabyte = over 1 billion characters 1 terabyte = over 1 trillion characters 1 petabyte = about 1 quadrillion characters
Permanently installed: floppy drives, hard drives, Zip drives, CD/DVD drives, USB ports
Removable media: floppy disks, Zip disks, CDs, DVDs, flash drives
66
Building Your Own PC
Output hardware Video and sound cards Monitor Speakers Printer Joystick
Communications hardware Modem (internal or external) Network Card
67
Software
System Software (Operating System) Must be installed before application software Operating System (OS) options for the PC
Linux Windows Unix
Operating System (OS) options for the Mac Mac OS
Application Software Install after the OS Application depends on OS, for example
Linux applications won’t work on Windows Windows applications won’t work on Linux
68
Future of Information Technology
3 directions of Computer Development Miniaturization Speed Affordability
3 directions of Communications Development Connectivity Interactivity Multimedia
69
Convergence, Portability, & Personalization
Convergence: the combination of Computers Consumer electronics Entertainment Mass media
Portability Collaboration: software that allows
People to share anything instantly People to enhance the information as they forward it